Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

A-Z 699Sledd, J. 1986. Permanence and change in standard American English. In G.Nickel and J.Stalker(eds), Problems of standardization and linguistic variation in present-day English. Heidelberg.50–8.Smith, F. 1983. Essays into literacy. Exeter, NH.——1984. Joining the literacy club. Victoria, BC.Street, B.W. 1986. Literacy in theory and practice. Cambridge.——(ed.) 1993. Cross-cultural approaches to literacy. Cambridge.Verhoeven, L. (ed.) 1994. Functional literacy: theoretical issues and educational implications.Amsterdam and Philadelphia, PA.Walker, R.W. 1987. Towards a model for predicting the acceptance of vernacular literacy byminoritylanguage groups. DAI 48:6. 1445A.Williams, G.L. 1987. Literacy acquisition in retrospect: a composite view of academicians andprofessionals. DAI 47:7.2527A.Williams, J. and G.Snipper. 1990. Literacy and bilingualism. London.Yaden, D.B. and S.Templeton (eds) 1986. Meta-linguistic awareness and beginning literacy:conceptualizing what it means to read and write . Portsmouth, NH.Zuanelli, E. 1989. Literacy in school and society: multidisciplinary perspectives. New York.JournalLiteracy and bilingualism.2 Transcribing or retranscribing a language into an alphabetic writing system, e.g. theLatinization (=Romanization) of Chinese with the Pīn writing system or of Japanesewith either the Kunrei-siki or Hepburn writing systems. ( also transcription)literal paraphasiaparaphasialiterary language1 Written language as opposed to spoken language.2 In works of literature, a highly stylized and variably contrived (panregional)language as opposed to everyday, colloquial language ( colloquial speech). Literarylanguage is subject to less strict grammatical norms and makes no claims to authenticityand utility or to economy or semantic clarity.ReferencesCarter, R.A. and W.Nash. 1990. Seeing through language: an introduction to styles of Englishwriting. Oxford.Fowler, R. 1981. Literature as social discourse. London.