Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 1116Schiffrin, D. 1987. Discourse markers. Cambridge and New York.Tannen, D. (ed.) 1982a. Analysing discourse: text and talk. Washington, DC.——1982b. Spoken and written language: exploring orality and literacy. Norwood, NJ.spoonerismType of speech error in which two segments are switched. The term refers to the Britishclergyman William A. Spooner, who is credited with first noting these kinds of slips ofthe tongue, e.g. Take the flea of my cat and leave it at the louse of my mother-in-lawinstead of Take the key of my flat and leave it at the house of my mother-in-law.Spoonerisms play a role in the evaluation of grammar models: a strict (left-to-right)grammar that sees every word as a stimulus for the word that immediately follows cannotadequately describe speech errors involving such switching of segments.speech errorReferencess-structuresurface structurestack automatonpush-down automatonstammeringdysfluencyStandard Average EuropeanCollective term used by B.L.Whorf for all European languages derived from Indo-European, whose common grammatical and lexical features he compares to the NorthAmerican language of the Hopi. ( also Sapir-Whorf hypothesis)