2003 IMTA Proceedings - International Military Testing Association

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94 oculogravic illusion observed at the level of the theoretical threshold of radial accelerations sensitivity but also at the level of the oculogravic illusion scale. In the supine position, acrobats were not subjected to illusion The origin of these inter-individual differences may be a better efficiency in the use of the sensory information. When limited variations of G are used only the vestibular system was stimulated. However the otolithic sensors do not distinguish a linear acceleration of a head tilt, and the central nervous system prefer to interpret the gravitational modifications in term of physical tilt in pitch. Then a target that remains at true eye level appears to be above its true location and the oculogravic illusion induces a lowering of the visually perceived eye level. It can be suggested that the spatial experts were less sensitive to oculogravic illusion because of their otolithic capacity to distinguish linear accelerations from an head-body tilt. Through learning, new configurations corresponding to postural states would be stored at the level of the central nervous system enriching the internal models of orientation. They could have develop internal models at the origin of this perceptive distinction (Merfeld et al., 1999). Beside this interpretation the origin of the individual differences may be related to a sensorial weighting with respect to subjects’ experience. In absence of vision, the perception of body orientation in the gravitational field is based on the coordination of vestibular and somaesthetic sensory modalities. The somaesthetic system is assumed to provide information about body orientation, notably in response to the anti-gravitational forces. Most of the time, the information provided by these two systems (vestibular and somaesthetic) is redundant. Then, the errors of perceptive judgment would depend on an inadequate resolution of a sensory conflict generated by the presence of non-redundant information, implying an inappropriate sensory dominance during the integration process (Young, 1984). In that context the eye level lowering observed for the very low gravitational-inertial stimulation may be the result of a sensory conflict between the otolithic information, for which the sensors do not distinguish a linear acceleration of a head tilt, and the somaesthetic information, which indicates no change in the postural state with regard to the gravity. The perceptive shift would be then associated to a process of sensory integration which gives more weight to the otolithic information and interprets the gravitational modifications in term of physical tilt. Conversely, the absence of oculogravic illusion may be the result of a somaesthetic sensory dominance. In conclusion, the relations the subject maintains with the spatial environment and the knowledge acquired through experience modify the processing of sensory information and the perceptive construction resulting from it. The extensive practice of acrobatics which requires to finely associate sensory configurations with a precise physical orientation, allows these spatial experts to be less sensitive to the oculogravic illusion stemming from radial accelerations similar to those met during the daily life. REFERENCES Berthoz, A. & Viaud-delmon, I. (1999). Multisensory integretion in spatial orientation. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 9, 708-712. Cohen, M. (1973). Elevator illusion : influences of otolith organ activity and neck proprioception. Perception and Psychophysics, 14, 401-406. Cohen, M. (2002). Visual and vestibular determinants of perceived eye-level. RTO-MP-086: Spatial Disorientation in Military Vehicules: Causes, Consequences and Cures (pp. 37-1 to 37-8). Cohen, M., Stopper, A., Welch, R. & DeRochia, C. (2001). Effects of gravitational and optical stimulation on the perception of target elevation. Perception and psychophysics, 63, 29-35. 45 th Annual Conference of the International Military Testing Association Pensacola, Florida, 3-6 November 2003
Dizio, P., Li, W., Lackner, J.R. & Matin, L. (1997). Combined influences of gravito-inertial force level and visual field pitch on visually perceived eye level. Journal of Vestibular Research, 7, 381-392. Graybiel, A. (1952). Oculogravic illusion. Archives of Ophtalmology, 8, 605-615. Lackner, J.R. (1992). Multimodal and motor influences on orientation : implications for adapting to weightless and virtual environments. Journal of Vestibular Research, 2, 307-322. Li, W. & Matin, L. (1993). Eye & head position, visual pitch, and perceived eye level. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 34, 1311. Matin, L. & Li, W. (1992). Visually perceived eye level : changes induced by pitch-fromvertical 2-line visual field. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 1, 257-289. Merfeld, D. M., Zupan, L. & Peterka, R. J. (1999). Humans useinternal models to estimate gravity and linear accelaration. Nature, 398, 615- 161. Raphel C., Barraud P.A. (1994). Perceptual thresholds of radial acceleration as indicated by visually Perceived Eye Level. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 65, 204-208. Raphel C., Cian C., Barraud P.A. & Micheyl C. (2001). Effects of supine body position and low radial accelerations on the visually perceived apparent zenith. Perception & Psychophysics, 1, 36-46. Wade, N.J. & Schöne, H. (1971). The influence of force magnitude on the perception of body position : I. Effects of head posture. British Journal of Psychology, 62, 157-163. Whiteside, T.C.D., Graybiel, A., & Niven, J.I. (1965). Visual illusions of movement. Brain, 88, 193-210 Young, L.R. (1984). Perception of the body in space : Mechanisms. In I. Smith (Ed.), Handbook of Physiology - The nervous system ; vol. 3 (pp. 1023-1066). New-York : Academic Press. Young, L.R., Mendoza, J.C., Groleau, N. & Wojcik, P.W. (1996). Tactile influences on astronaut visual spatial orientation: human neurovestibular studies on SLS-2. Journal of Applied Physiology, 81, 44-49. 45 th Annual Conference of the International Military Testing Association Pensacola, Florida, 3-6 November 2003 95
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45 th Annual Conference of the Inte
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ii A11. Krouse, S.L., and Irvine, J
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iv OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS APPLIED FO
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vi ANALYTICS C09a. Heffner, T.S.; T
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viii NATIONAL DEFENCE FORCE (S.A.N.
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x Minutes International Military Te
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xii BY-LAWS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MI
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xiv coordinating Primary Member. An
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USABILITY TESTING: LESSONS LEARNED
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the operational environment and, of
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Pill, J. (1970) “The Delphi Metho
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Types of definition There are diffe
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they may discuss components of it.
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It seems that in the absence of uni
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Do we assess what we want to assess
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Construct and criterion related val
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Results Due to the lack of a normal
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during ACABO. The question was ther
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Scholz, G. S., H. (1993). Das nomol
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There are not many studies with the
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6 Neuroticism 4.53 .56 .71 -.25 -.1
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-.37** Neuroticism -.38** Extravers
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Judge, T.A., Bono, J.E., & Locke, E
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y members of the occupational field
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performance value to lowest through
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comparing the two products; perhaps
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TP Questionnaire AFSC _____________
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40 Attachment 4 Respondent Comments
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42 References Institute for Job and
Page 61 and 62: • Austria also has committed itse
Page 63 and 64: INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS FORCES ENT
Page 65 and 66: JOB-SPECIFIC PERSONALITY ATTRIBUTES
Page 67 and 68: Canadian Forces. Results indicated
Page 69 and 70: Table 1. The NCOPI Dimensions and G
Page 71 and 72: Table 2. Correlations Between Perso
Page 73 and 74: To examine the relationship between
Page 75 and 76: correlates of psychological well-be
Page 77 and 78: Thomas, J. L., Dickson, M. W., & Bl
Page 79 and 80: more counterproductive behaviors, a
Page 81 and 82: dimension (e.g., maintain mechanica
Page 83 and 84: judged by trained raters). The resu
Page 85 and 86: Lightfoot, M.A., Alley, W.E., Schul
Page 87 and 88: abnormal positions such as spins an
Page 89 and 90: Description of OZ -----------------
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Page 95 and 96: Procedure: Data collection consiste
Page 97 and 98: Fig. 4b: Heading performance of the
Page 99 and 100: Fig. 5b: Heading performance of the
Page 101 and 102: Fig. 6a: Altitude performance of th
Page 103 and 104: Discussion The most important concl
Page 105 and 106: 12. Hoffman, R. R., Ford, K. M., an
Page 107 and 108: PERCEPTUAL DRIFT RELATED TO SPATIAL
Page 109: indicated by the negative values. T
Page 113 and 114: Psychologically, the victim of perc
Page 115 and 116: Individualized colored filters seem
Page 117 and 118: e remembered, however, that Irlen o
Page 119 and 120: Neurofeedback Training for Two Dime
Page 121 and 122: conserved. We can determine both Co
Page 123 and 124: sophisticated equipment and technol
Page 125 and 126: Figure 1: Changes in Concentration
Page 127 and 128: WHAT TODAY’S SOLDIERS TELL US ABO
Page 129 and 130: troubleshoot interconnectivity prob
Page 131 and 132: What advantages do Soldiers rate as
Page 133 and 134: This new training process viewed th
Page 135 and 136: collection and analysis. Also inclu
Page 137 and 138: CONCLUSION Figure 4: Sample Distrib
Page 139 and 140: RACE AND GENDER AS FACTORS IN FLIGH
Page 141 and 142: egression equation. The process was
Page 143 and 144: DISCUSSION These studies found that
Page 145 and 146: Validation of an Unmanned Aerial Ve
Page 147 and 148: direction, and stick movement produ
Page 149 and 150: References Biggerstaff, S., Blower,
Page 151 and 152: Table 2. Correlations and descripti
Page 153 and 154: Figure 1. Stick, rudder, and thrott
Page 155 and 156: Figure 3. Scatterplot of index scor
Page 157 and 158: The application of new information
Page 159 and 160: Communication. Recent research has
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of situation in which Soldiers woul
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An analysis of variance was perform
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Hevel, J. R. (2002). The Objective
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affective (or attitudinal) componen
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e1 e2 e3 Q53K .36 e4 e5 Q53I Q53J .
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REFERENCES Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J
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Rumsey, M.G. (1995). The best they
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(1999) found that among members in
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Results Satisfaction with the Milit
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Spouse/significant other support to
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quality of life in the Air Force, a
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BRITISH ARMY LEAVERS SURVEY: AN INV
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would be better, and that there wou
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ABSTRACT PREDICTORS OF U.S. ARMY CA
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Survey items were then aggregated i
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expects them to be committed, they
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THE IMPORTANCE OF A FAMILY-FRIENDLY
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multiple life roles (Kahn, Wolfe, Q
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consequently feel they are unable t
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perceptions of the usability of wor
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family-friendly work environment pe
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Previous studies have found that on
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For both employees with high family
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Figure 3 Interaction between FFWE,
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differently in the military compare
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Castro, C. A., Adler, A. B., & Bien
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Kossek, E. E., & Lobel, S. (1996).
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Tracking U.S. Navy Reserve Career D
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menus, a commander or career counse
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Respondents were divided in their r
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Duties and Functions of a Recruitin
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The in-house coaching provided to s
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Metrics of Unprofessional, Gender-R
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Regardless of paygrade, both women
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military installation. However, wom
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Table 6 Frequency of Reporting Beha
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action was taken against the offend
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Workplace Reprisals: A Model of Ret
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INCIDENCE OF RETALIATION Studies de
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Far less is known about the consequ
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METHOD Participants and Procedure T
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Subjective Appraisal The subjective
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RESULTS Exploratory Model The range
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More frequent occurrences of UGRB,
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organizational commitment and psych
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Fitzgerald, L.F., Drasgow, F., Huli
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UNDERSTANDING RESPONSES TO SEXUAL H
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sample population was selected thro
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Finally individuals were identified
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less likely to indicate they had ex
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● Non-Reporters < Reporters Figur
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eport (Other). Items endorsed in bo
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policy and procedure relevant to ha
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Justice Versus Gender Socialization
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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1.1 Purpose 1.0 Introduction This p
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The Department of National Defence
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2.1 Stakeholder Brainstorming The f
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2.2 Stakeholder Influence and Impor
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Figure 3 graphically represents sta
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The SIS is a ‘research process ma
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3.2.1 The SIS Online As already men
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stakeholder groups. Furthermore, th
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INTRODUCTION DESIGNING A NEW HR SYS
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homogeneity of work activities with
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empirical information from the work
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eviewed by NIMA management and othe
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Observations made as a result of a
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45 th 3. Generating the specific qu
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Strategies for Increased Reporting
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of information technology systems.
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Guide for Reporting Counterintellig
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CHARACTERIZING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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In about 60% of these recorded even
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following example, however, a cadet
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The most significant event of this
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Ten Technological, Social, and Econ
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can provide motivation and opportun
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Requirement Inspection of MASS ques
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Finally, third level questions woul
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OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS APPLIED FOR T
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CLASSIFICATION OF DUTIES INTO NEW S
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CONCLUSIONS The procedure described
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For each of the 27 items, the respo
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Table 1: Misclassification rates fo
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y examining all of the possible cos
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PREDICTING ATTRITION OF ARMY RECRUI
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1 1 P( vi = jθ = t) = − , 1+ exp
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It can be seen that for this AIM sc
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A NEW APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTING AND
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stimulus t, and is considered a pos
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items involving stimuli on dimensio
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Roberts, J. S., Donoghue, J. R., &
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viewed as a combination of two to t
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e1 e2 e3 Q53K .36 e4 e5 Q53I Q53J .
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REFERENCES Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J
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impossible for people to hide their
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Nederhof .52 ( 2003) 13 items 16 .7
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The relationship between behaviour
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However, possibilities are seen to
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Article structure This paper descri
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Figure 1. Simplified version of the
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- My home front is proud of me. - M
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Organizational aspects Appreciation
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PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE DUTCH
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efore reporting the results. b) Alt
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LITERATURE Avenarius, M.J.H. (1994)
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In particular it was identified tha
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number of items to decrease the len
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A randomly selected sample of 1,500
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• When total wellbeing scores wer
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significantly better recruits for a
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• Non-zero Payoff: The number of
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The ordinates indicate the average
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In next- rather busy - graph the av
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vacancies. In fact, the problem of
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• Lescrève, F., The Selection of
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Vacancies per trade (Columns) for e
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From Attraction to Rejection: A Qua
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Saks, & Summers, 1991). Bretz and J
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suggest that applicants ‘rule out
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information he/she had received, (c
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is not uncommon that applicants nee
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the primary motive for withdrawal.
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References Anderson, N., Born, M.,
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Noe, R.A., Steffy, B.D., & Barber,
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Wanous, J.P. (1992). Organizational
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We also have under way a predictive
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For the validation analyses, a fina
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NLSI IMPLEMENTATION TO A WEB-BASED
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work at the sentence level. This am
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The semantic module: MRS and LKB Th
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Next the program has to deal with
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Conclusion Communication abilities
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Exam Center to work with the projec
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exam. Gateway was able to provide t
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questions is monitored statisticall
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3. Computerized testing has been sh
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3. Most publishers have chosen not
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should not house permanent cookies
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Figure 2. Five process model per in
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Results As of October 2003, the TSA
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Klion, R., Pfenninger, D., Chiocchi
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STREAMLINING OF THE NAVY ENLISTED A
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and compared with the number found
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March 2002 marked the implementatio
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Due to the limited bandwidth restri
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their tests. However, job seekers o
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they may already have in relation t
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way both in and out of school. A si
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The students were asked about their
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This work was funded by the Human S
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AIR’s past experienced in the IC
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obtain the necessary clearances nec
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As we move forward with integrating
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ENCAPS - Using Non-Cognitive Measur
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cognitive ability. One particularly
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classification of enlisted personne
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Abstract Pilot Selection in the Aus
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Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and Roy
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comprising the ATB pilot index (PI)
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References Bongers, S., and Pei, J.
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The Armed Services Vocational Aptit
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Attachment A Career Exploration Pro
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References Harmon, L. W., Hansen, J
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Watson, 2002; Dawis, 1991), or perh
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7 community interest elements, and
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Figure 3. Illustration of possible
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Vocational Interest Measurement in
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Usability Testing II The second pha
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THE ARMY VOCATIONAL INTEREST CAREER
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soldiers who left the Army for avoi
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the cross-validation sample. Since
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DEVELOPING MEASURES OF OCCUPATIONAL
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For Select21 we conceived of a nove
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1998). For example, nearly all of t
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potential benefit of including such
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OCCUPATIONAL SURVEY SUPPORT OF AIR
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tasks. The structure of jobs within
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AFSC 2A3X1 (A-10, F-15, U-2 AVIONIC
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Occupational Analytics Paul L. Jone
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Anticipating the Future for First-T
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now exist. Therefore, we had to der
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perhaps deserves note. This is the
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Sager, C. E., Russell, T. L., Campb
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The primary goal of selection/class
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Knowledges, Skills, and Attributes
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of anticipated future conditions ap
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REFERENCES Campbell, J. P., & Knapp
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SMEs to think of Soldiers they supe
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on a rating, while others use the H
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fairly easy to identify first-level
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eviewers considered the currency of
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DEVELOPING OPERATIONAL PERSONALITY
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In this paper, we focus on two meas
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Here, we score only those statement
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understanding how applicants might
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Putka, D.J., Kilcullen, R. N., & Wh
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of personality. Second, the same re
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Table 1. Correlations between Civil
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The latent structure underlying the
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There are many ways to score a situ
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ASSESSING PERSON-ENVIRONMENT (P-E)
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To develop the ADI, we first identi
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Army to provide it, and a second wh
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APPENDIX Example Item from the Work
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To achieve wide-scale implementatio
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team leadership; concern for Soldie
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1 ST WATCH: ASSESSMENT OF COPING ST
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assess individuals’ personal valu
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eported being most likely to use th
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1 st WATCH: THE NAVY FIT SCALE Mart
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Surveys RTC Grad Survey. This quest
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Hypothesis 3 stated that recruits w
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USING RESULTS FROM ATTITUDE AND OPI
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Using Survey and Interview Data: An
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Conclusions and Recommendations Thi
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Table 2 Percent of officers and enl
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UTILIZING SURVEY RESULTS OF THE NAV
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assessed by the survey. This notion
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original sample providing them with
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THE U.S. ARMY'S PERSONNEL REPLACEME
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This policy was so strictly adhered
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The Army has over 180,000 soldiers
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Since 1990 a lot of work has been d
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Results The internal consistency of
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A F II Coordinat or F III Scout F I
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Abstract Mental Health Literacy in
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of self-treatments and of professio
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the number of items to decrease the
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• Gender - 87.6% males, 12.4% fem
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ADF 60 , and community drug use rat
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The survey was re-administered in t
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The perceived moral intensity scale
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organization has significant contro
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ADAPTING OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS METH
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are not improved for the long term,
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Gateworth, R.D., & Field,H.S. (1998
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Inevitably, new technology will be
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experimentation report. The structu
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esponsibilities involved in this po
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Comparison of Tasks and Knowledge D
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angle of approach to the target may
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Transformational Leadership: Relati
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concentrate their efforts on longer
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levels of analysis (e.g., Klein, Da
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soldiers constituted 39 combat team
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performance domains at the same lev
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performance was significantly stron
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The finding that transformational l
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A third limitation is the relativel
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Devine, D.J., Clayton, L.D., Philip
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Ostroff, C., & Schmitt, N. (1993).
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Table 1: Responses from 10 Subject
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Table 3: Regression for FFM on Tran
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comprehensive guide that the Army c
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FRAMEWORK COMPARISON: 1958; 1973; 1
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Our review of the evolution of the
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DEVELOPING APPROPRIATE METRICS FOR
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METHOD Participants Participants we
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RESULTS Results are broken out belo
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As depicted in Table 3, half of par
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Table 5. Second Choice Rating Forma
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SOFTWARE SUPPORT OF HUMAN PERFORMAN
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SOFTWARE SUPPORT A working model (p
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Figure 3, illustrates the prototype
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framework. Having completed the ver
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HOW MILITARY RESEARCH CAN IMPROVE T
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characteristics” - such as task c
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Team-Coordination Training Another
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Numerous lessons learned have come
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teamwork training: Evaluation resul
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participated in informal class exer
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slightly modified for the second wo
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As a result, we are currently devel
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It was not surprising that decoloni
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a conflict. The end of the cold war
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understanding. Also, when individua
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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE (1996). White
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. Screening and monitoring of perso
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The TSES-R is a 13 item scale of po
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Career Intention Prior to Deploymen
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d. The sample is based on peace ope
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comparing self- and subordinate des
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5 4 3 2 1 Figure 1 - Mean Perceptio
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0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.1 Figure 2 -
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adding another variable of individu
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REFERENCES Baranski, J.V., & Petrus
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Leadership Competencies: Are We All
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The purpose in establishing compete
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Army - influencing people - by prov
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Table 3 Leadership Competency Compo
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In answer to ‘are we all saying t
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Navy Decisiveness /Risk Management
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Marine Corps Leadership Principles
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All potential military recruits mus
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successful completion of basic lang
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investigate whether it or a similar
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• NEXT STEPS As a first priority,
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INTRODUCTION This study investigate
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Table 2. Summary Goodness of Fit in
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Analysis of the 18-item Scale DISCU
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Lim, B. (2001). The Structure and N
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NSmen’s training cycle last for t
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To test the robustness of the hypot
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Table 2.3. Scale Reliabilities and
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Figure 3: Model for Regulars *0.57
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REFERENCES Huxley, T. (2000). Defen
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Another important influence on our
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as a multidimensional construct. Ta
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Table 3 Intercorrelations Among Pro
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METHOD PARTICIPANTS The DEOCS had b
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There is a link between test constr
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Truhon, S. A. (1999). Updating the
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attitudes and behaviors observed an
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effective way to re-build survivors
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Reference List Bunker, K.A. (1997).
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VALIDATION OF THE BELGIAN MILITARY
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instructions, in order to make obse
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Interviews GFD dichotomous was regr
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784 INDEX OF AUTHORS Acromite, M. 7
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786 INDEX OF AUTHORS Waugh, G.W. 54
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2003 IMTA Proceedings - International Military Testing Association

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