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2003 IMTA Proceedings - International Military Testing Association

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As a result, we are currently developing a performance measurement authoring tool (PMAT) that<br />

will be delivered to the Navy. Based on the positive feedback obtained from workshop<br />

participants, the tool will include the same 7-step framework that was presented in the<br />

workshops. In addition, the authoring tool will include a great deal of guidance (i.e., definitions,<br />

background information, tips) and probing questions in order for instructors of varying levels of<br />

experience to benefit from the tool. Specifically, the tool will be programmed to incorporate a<br />

wizard (i.e., tutor) that will guide the user through the 7-step framework just as the team of the<br />

facilitators did in the afternoon portion of the workshops. Studies are currently underway to test<br />

the decision rules that will be programmed into the authoring tool. Once completed, a prototype<br />

of the tool will be developed and a series of usability tests will be conducted. Finally, the<br />

effectiveness of PMAT will be tested by asking two groups of instructors to develop measures of<br />

human performance. One group of instructors will develop these measures on their own. The<br />

second group will develop their measures with the assistance of PMAT. Participants will then<br />

use the measures that they have developed to assess performance during a scenario-based<br />

training exercise. System effectiveness will be demonstrated by comparing the reliability and<br />

validity of ratings developed with and without the PMAT system. Additionally, the amount of<br />

time that it takes both groups to develop their measures will also be examined.<br />

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Fowlkes, J. E., Lane, N. E., Salas, E., Franz, T., & Oser, R. (1994). Improving the<br />

measurement of team performance: The targets methodology. <strong>Military</strong> Psychology, 6, 47-61.<br />

Goodman, P. S., & Garber, S. (1988). Absenteeism and accidents in a dangerous<br />

environment: Empirical analysis of underground coal mines. Journal of Applied Psychology,<br />

73, 81-86.<br />

Hollenbeck, J. R., Ilgen, D. R., Tuttle, D. B., & Sego, D. J. (1995). Team performance<br />

on monitoring tasks: An examination of decision errors in contexts requiring sustained attention.<br />

Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(6), 685-696.<br />

Joslyn, S., & Hunt, E. (1998). Evaluating individual differences in response to timepressure<br />

situations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 4(1), 16-43.<br />

Marks, M. A., Zaccaro, S. J., & Mathieu, J. E. (2000). Performance implications of<br />

leader briefings and team-interaction training for team adaptation to novel environments.<br />

Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 971-986.<br />

Salas, E., Fowlkes, J. E., Stout, R. J., Milanovich, D. M., & Prince, C. (1999). Does<br />

CRM improve teamwork skills in the cockpit? Two evaluation studies. Human Factors, 41(2),<br />

326-343.<br />

Smith-Jentsch, K. A., Johnston, J. H., & Payne, S. C. (1998). Measuring team-related<br />

expertise in complex environments. In J.A. Cannon-Bowers & E. Salas (Eds.), Making decisions<br />

under stress: Implications for individual and team training (pp. 61-87). Washington, DC:<br />

American Psychological <strong>Association</strong>.<br />

Stout, R. J., Cannon-Bowers, J. A., Salas, E., & Milanovich, D. M. (1999). Planning,<br />

shared understanding, and coordinated performance: An empirical link is established. Human<br />

Factors, 41(1), 61-71.<br />

693<br />

45 th Annual Conference of the <strong>International</strong> <strong>Military</strong> <strong>Testing</strong> <strong>Association</strong><br />

Pensacola, Florida, 3-6 November <strong>2003</strong>

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