INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7th JOINT - IOA

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“…I want gold medals to be given to athletes who earned them honestly, not to their secret pharmacists or gene transfer technologists. I want athletes, not gladiators. I want human beings, not mutants” (www.wada-ama.org). In keeping with the traditions of sport, governing bodies have no real obligation to defend or justify their actions in setting rules, restrictions, and limits for sport. With the attitude of “my way or the highway,” sport-governing bodies have traditionally expected athletes to play by their rules or to participate elsewhere. Pound explains why the WADA does not need to justify banning gene doping in sport: [Sport] is governed by rules that, however artificial or arbitrary they may be, are freely accepted by the participants. Why a race is 100 or 200 or 1,500 metres does not really matter. Nor does the weight of a shot or a discus [sic], the number of members on a team, or specifications regarding equipment. Those are the agreed-upon rules. Period. Sport involves even more freedom of choice than participation in society. If you do not agree with the rules in sport, you are entirely free to opt-out, unlike your ability to opt-out of the legal framework of society. But if you do participate, you must accept the rules. You are not entitled to use a 10-pound shot instead of the 16-pound shot used by your fellow competitors. You are not entitled to start the race before the other competitors, just because you may be a bit slower than they are. (www.wada-ama.org). Typically, they argue that doping is wrong because it 1) is a form of cheating; 2) is unnatural; 3) does not reflect what a virtuous athlete would do; 4) provides the athlete with an unfair advantage; 5) is harmful to athletes’ long-term health; and 6) promotes coercion and elitism in sport (Miah, 2001: p. 42). The WADA’s Prohibited List International Standard (WADA, 2004) defines gene doping as “the non-therapeutic use of genes, genetic elements, and/or cells that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance.” This definition is vague and does not clarify what constitutes non-therapeutic use. From this, problems concerning interpretation and enforcement of the prohibition may arise. For example, many female athletes, especially ultra long-distance runners, are borderline anaemic. If some time in the near future it becomes the standard medical practice to treat anaemic patients with EPO gene - 302 -
transfer techniques, then the anaemic athletes should receive the treatment in order to remedy their medical ailment. ETHICAL ISSUES DEALING WITH VIOLATING THE SPIRIT OF SPORT The third criterion used in banning doping practices in sport is if they violate the spirit of sport. Owing to the history and traditions of sport, it is a fair assumption to believe that most participants and fans of sport would like to see sport continued in as fair and equitable of manner as possible. However, gene doping creates many ethical issues in sport, and many of them arise out of potential violations of how many feel sport ought to be. BIBLIOGRAPHY • Pérusse, L., Rankinen, T., Rauramaa, R., Riviera, M., Wolfarth, B. and Bouchard, C. “The Human Gene Map for Performance and Health-Related Fitness Phenotypes: The 2002 Update.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 35 (8), 2003, pp. 1248-1264. • World Anti-Doping Agency. Genetic Enhancement of Athletic Performance. Transcript. Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 2002. • World Anti-Doping Agency. World Anti-Doping Code. 2003, p. 16 - 303 -
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INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7 th
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EPHORIA OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPI
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IOC COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND OLYM
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FOREWORD Report on the IOA’s Spec
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Montenegro participated in the semi
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CULTURAL AND POLITICAL PARAMETERS O
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network was not developed and the c
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and the bronze (60 gr) medals award
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their competitors to prepare themse
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situation, which dragged Greece int
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e a cultural event for the city, th
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Yalouris, N., “The sacred areas o
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54 Vikelas D. - P. de Coubertin Let
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Festivals: From 776 BC to 395 AD, t
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The Cultural Programme in the Los A
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It presents the City of Athens as t
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The Department of Culture is puttin
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ATHENS THROUGH THE CAMPAIGN FOR THE
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The identification of the Greek peo
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encourages homogeneity and indiffer
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international media, in particular,
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eports and 12 pictures) personally
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BIBLIOGRAPHY • Burbank M., J. And
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COMPETITION AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION
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eings, on integrating all society,
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outinised procedures, parades, band
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sports programmes, and the social,
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THE CULTURAL INFLUENCE OF DEMETRIOS
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to Paris, the so-called "City of Li
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Nicopolis to Olympia", (which first
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particularities of states and peopl
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(Crawford, 2001). Therefore, it is
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Olympic movement engages, alone or
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“Regarding the development of you
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were initially restricted to French
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Take for example, the Olympic motto
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that the NOA of Malaysia has embark
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• Durry, Jean (1996) Pierre de Co
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diverse in nature. They are aimed a
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they may select one sculpture and o
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Educational themes of the National
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HIGHER EDUCATION NATIONAL SPORT ACA
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THE NATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY OF CEN
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- To continue our action towards th
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2005, and if we have a good recepti
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• Olympic Truce • Cultural acti
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THE ECUADORIAN OLYMPIC ACADEMY Mrs
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is conscience among students regard
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November 20, 1991 President N. Fila
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National Olympic Academies of the B
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Kangasniemi (weightlifting 1968). T
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world champion in swimming) career
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Seminary in Grenoble following the
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every leap year!... But how was the
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ancient tradition. The original tit
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Then came the throwing game, the gr
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conscious of this fact and see it a
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� Level II: for the managers of t
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-121- Courses Regulation Secondly:
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To fulfil these aims, 2 projects ha
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THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND
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Cooperation, collaboration and comm
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Second stage: The values and charac
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delivering to the society, youngste
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conceptual and technological develo
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ACTIVITIES OF THE JAPAN OLYMPIC ACA
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OLYMPIC EDUCATION 2004 THE NETHERLA
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THE SLOVAK OLYMPIC ACADEMY Dr Zdenk
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BUILDING VALUES THROUGH OLYMPISM SR
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As the founder and Director, I enjo
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won the praise of all participants
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NATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE OF TURKE
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3. To reach 400.000 students in 3 y
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Each game, lasting about 45 seconds
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REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE OLY
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3.2. A scientific conference devote
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8. Sport Veteran Movement 8.1. In t
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3. Colleges • 14 - 20 July, 2003
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HOA’s aim: - olympic schools to b
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• No, sport is not culture: - Spo
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demonstrate excellence in performan
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3. Make the message international a
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• Establish program for Olympic e
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Mr Ah-Tok CHUA (MAS) Director, NOA
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ARGENTINA Mr Juan Carlos URIBURU Pr
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Mr
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GERMANY Prof. Dr Helmut ALTENBERGER
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Ms Jung KOO Member, NOA of KOREA LA
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PERU Mr Rodolfo CREMER NICOLI Direc
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SLOVAKIA Mrs Zdenka LETENAYOVA Secr
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Mrs Larisa DOTSENKO OAU Scientific
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Ms Roula VATHI Thomaidou 1 115 25 N
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ARETÉ Ms Petra HRACHOVINOVA (CZE)
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many opportunities, for example, we
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the questions, in the dialogue betw
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4. ARETÉ as the whole in the concr
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VIRTUE AS A SPORT IN ANCIENT GREECE
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of paideia, which, according to Pla
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earn immortality through a laboriou
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origin of the winners were formed t
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NOTES 1 Hom. Il. 6, 208 (Hippolokho
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34 Diog. Laert. V 27. Among the man
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• KYLE, D.G., “Winning at Olymp
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πρώτος etc. (=the one and onl
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Koronia. Well-known are also the ac
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a temple or a shrine, an altar or a
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worship, between the Persian war (4
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THE OLYMPIC GAMES AND STATE FORMATI
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The Olympic victor and the polis: t
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In return, Olympic victors translat
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Macedon’s decisive victory over t
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KNOWLEDGE OF AND IDEAS ABOUT OLYMPI
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Geographical Sources PAUSANIAS was
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Pre-Olympic Games 17 Dating from th
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Excavations The first archaeologica
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situated. PAUSANIAS, Führer durch
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29 DOLIANITIS, Giorgios, “Die gri
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INTELLECTUAL PREMISES OF SPORT IN T
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the popular ones. From one of these
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way of life: "the chief support cam
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BOA’s aim is to promote the Olymp
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In France, in 1792, fourth year of
Page 249 and 250: Dimitrios Vikelas’ part in the Mo
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Page 253 and 254: exceptionally enthusiastic crowd of
Page 255 and 256: 15 Oikonomou A., Three people, p.p
Page 257 and 258: OLYMPIC GAMES AND AMATEURISM IN THE
Page 259 and 260: “I felt that the British would vo
Page 261 and 262: II. What is at stake when dealing w
Page 263 and 264: Surely this should indicate that as
Page 265 and 266: it holds out hope for a happier, he
Page 267 and 268: symbolic persons of this debate (Av
Page 269 and 270: 5 SCHRANZ, Karl (Aufgezeichnet von
Page 271 and 272: 30 DI RUZZA, F. ; GERBIER, B. (1977
Page 273 and 274: BIBLIOGRAPHY: • ALBERT, Pierre (1
Page 275 and 276: • MÜLLER, Norbert (1995) (coord.
Page 277 and 278: investment, in cash or kind, in an
Page 279 and 280: Table 1: TOP Programme Evolution (I
Page 281 and 282: Conclusion The Olympic marketing pr
Page 283 and 284: AN OLYMPIC INDEX: A COMPARISON OF P
Page 285 and 286: to win at each Olympic edition. Sin
Page 287 and 288: % Figure 2: Percentage of the total
Page 289 and 290: Based on the medal ranking, the Net
Page 291 and 292: THE OLYMPIC GAMES, EUGENICS, AND GE
Page 293 and 294: therapies could be used to artifici
Page 295 and 296: delivered to the working muscles wh
Page 297 and 298: under these broad and encompassing
Page 299: APPENDIX Gene Doping, Eugenics, and
Page 303 and 304: phenomenon from without. Therefore,
Page 305 and 306: It is interesting to hear that Torb
Page 307 and 308: and light all have a great importan
Page 309 and 310: How can we make this perception mor
Page 311 and 312: “WIND OF CHANGE IN THE ROUND TABL
Page 313 and 314: women participating in sport and ph
Page 315 and 316: Volleyball association regarding th
Page 317 and 318: Biographical methods carried a stro
Page 319 and 320: members of sport organization, Rath
Page 321 and 322: In this paper, we will focus on one
Page 323 and 324: instance I was a member without vot
Page 325 and 326: In order to gain more influential p
Page 327 and 328: However, after many following meeti
Page 329 and 330: Volleyball Board came up with an id
Page 331 and 332: BIBLIOGRAPHY • Bertaux, D. (1996)
Page 333 and 334: GLOBALIZATION AND INTERNATIONALIZAT
Page 335 and 336: The second account of globalization
Page 337 and 338: 2.1 Sport as a ‘Globalized Cultur
Page 339 and 340: are also involved in the rapid expa
Page 341 and 342: and Sport for All through the regul
Page 343 and 344: of sport (www.wada-ama.org/en) 17 .
Page 345 and 346: NOTES 1 Some globalization skeptics
Page 347 and 348: 18 Bruce Kidd and Peter Donnelly (2
Page 349 and 350: Distinctive features On politics On
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BIBLIOGRAPHY • Anderson, B. (1991
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• Henry, I. (1999) "Globalisation
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• Rosenau, J. N. (1990) Turbulenc
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conditions of the State of Californ
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Olympic sponsorship is a part of in
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Building business and trade relatio
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The Olympic Games The Olympic Games
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BIBLIOGRAPHY • MATTHEW D. SHANK (
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Olympic Congresses called during Co
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Throughout the more than forty year
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edition in 2003. Likewise, seven jo
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events including international comp
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expressed in the fundamentals princ
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� The IOA should: o Coordinate wi
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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHICAL STAND
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(CACHAY/THIEL 1997, 11 ff; PATSANTA
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principles and whether there is a c
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While fairness (68.5%), - independe
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The principle of solidarity My COAC
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with an early high-performance age.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY • ABRAHAM, A.: Ident
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Introduction OLYMPIC EDUCATIONAL PR
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employment, it has guided all the i
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Not being social aware is a lack of
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take environmental considerations i
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policy. It is the first case in Ita
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Organisational Committee and valida
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SCHOOL OLYMPIC GAMES IN ESTONIA Oly
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� contest of the Olympic mascot;
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In mathematics younger students can
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Tõrva, founded in 1767, in 1996 on
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of Europe best wrestlers. Within cu
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ROLE OF OLYMPIC EDUCATION AT SCHOOL
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centralized management system, from
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independence. Compulsory and option
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The offered themes about ancient Ol
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The offered themes about ancient Ol
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Introduction REACHING SECONDARY SCH
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essential part of life and thus con
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Common barriers and constraints As
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Bridging National Olympic Academies
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tools and resources they need to te
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separate us very much.” This, in
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APPENDIX 1 - QUESTIONS ASKED IN QUE
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Table 3 - List of small island stat
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REFERENCES • BORG, L. (1996) Smal
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In May 2004, the Seventh School Oly
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8. Financing sports career and an a
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Introduction (Activity, Sport, Cult
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win or become a champion. The aim o
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Culture and Ethics in Symbols and P
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duty in life is not to win but to m
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athlete can’t use any means to wi
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emphasize the Cultural and Ethical
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value of good example and respect f
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status and winning, and therefore t
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Although there was increasing accep
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stretching our skills to meet the c
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to structure sport so that it is a
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• Miller, P. S. and Kerr, G. A. (
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The complexity and general aggravat
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explaining the variety of the forms
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2.3 Elite Sport System - How to Bre
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commercial sector thereby requires
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society, economy and government wit
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strong link between the government
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of competitors and best-in-class co
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• Houlihan, B., 1997. Sport, Poli
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jurisdictional task carried out in
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1.2.2. The Application for Arbitrat
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At this point the special features
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Conclusions The CAS Ad Hoc Division
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of the IAF Symposium on Sport & Law
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“WHAT’S THAT IT’S ALL ABOUT?
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• The independence of sport As Ki
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Scholars are divided in their asses
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codes of excellence were operationa
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of international understanding was
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to combine some of that” (Gold Ru
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WOMEN IN CHINESE SPORTS: ACHIEVEMEN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OLYMPIC MOVE
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Georgia is amongst those 30 countri
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From this point of view, the import
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WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN THE NICA
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Defrantz of United States of Americ
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Executive and the Technical Secreta
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are single mothers that drop school
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there were 85 Nicaraguan women comp
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Table 4 Nicaraguan Women’s Partic
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Currently, there are in total 16 wo
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Books and/or papers
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MANAGEMENT OF SPORTS AND NIGERIA’
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populace i.e. the tax payer expects
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Ministry of Sport, all Ministers of
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potentials in Nigeria, as reflected
Page 541 and 542:
3. PROFESSIONAL PREPARATIONS OF SPO
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DEALING WITH SOCIO-CULTURAL BARRIER
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Black African female participation
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In the present dispensation she is
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gathered from a number of female do
Page 551 and 552:
REFERENCES • Adedeji, J.A. (1991)
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- acceptance of rules and decisions
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Together with fair play, we also ex
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• Factor 6: Irresponsibility: rep
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Regarding fair play both groups dif
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asic, whereas older athletes also k
Page 563 and 564:
- Women Olympic sportswomen are mor
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THE EFFECT OF VIDEO-MODELING ON PER
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had investigated the effectiveness
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modelling through video/peer effect
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Nevertheless there existed a signif
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Table 6 Pre-posttest of the Control
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However there existed a significant
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in learning the correct form in the
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REFERENCES • Adams, D. (2001). Th
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Abstract retrieved November 11, 200
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implication in sport. The Internati
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the Olympic Studies Centre. From th
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The ISSEP was established in 1997 w
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� Research (The EPFL is also the
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� Promote the Olympic Movement to
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� In a single place: one Professo
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STRATEGIC CONSIDERATION FOR THE DEV
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The Sport Directory The Sport Direc
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every weekend starting from the 05
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Support Group Appeal - refers to th
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the good relationships between the
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the identification of an organisati
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5. Installing more beach volleyball
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• Longman (1988) ‘Dictionary of
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STUDENTS’ PRESENTATIONS Four pape
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girls in separate teams, under the
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times but remained largely an arist
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for improving society. The late nin
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on political issues, specifically t
Page 621 and 622:
Another Games within the Olympic mo
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human springtime. While the initial
Page 625 and 626:
protection with constant monitoring
Page 627 and 628:
years after the respective events.
Page 629 and 630:
D. CONCLUSIONS ON “ETHICAL AND PH
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marketability, attract sponsors, an
Page 633 and 634:
Olympic philosophy between elitism
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Fifth, to operationalise the Olympi
Page 637 and 638:
The Educational and Instructional M
Page 639 and 640:
The Hungarian Olympic Academy Mrs M
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The Implementation of Ethical Stand
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Conclusions Conclusions on “Ancie
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INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7th JOINT - IOA

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