INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7th JOINT - IOA

Results indicated that the subjects in both groups did not differ
from each other at the beginning of the study (t = - 0.108, p > .05).
This meant the subjects in both the experimental and control groups
were homogenous in their level of performance at the start of this
study.
Guadagnoli, Holcomb, and Davis (2002) concluded their study of
six hours of treatment carried out followed by an immediate posttest
and a two weeks delayed posttest that video instruction was an
effective means of practice. However, they further stated that the
positive effects might take some time to develop. Shea, Wright, Wulf,
and Whitacre (2000) suggested that a combination of physical and
observational practice on learning permits unique opportunities for
learning beyond those available via practice regimen alone. The older
children referring to 8 to 9 years and 11 months old in Weiss et al.’s
(1992) study performed equally well in all the interventions
introduced where model only was one of the three instructional
strategies. However the findings in Emmen, Wesseling, Bootsma,
Whiting, and Van-Wieringen’s (1985) study indicated that there was
no clear advantage in using video mediated instruction methods to
teach novices the tennis service. With that the present study partially
supported Emmen et al.’s findings as indicated in Table 2.
Table 2
Comparison of the Posttest Mean Total Scores
Group Mean Std Deviation
Experimental
Control
4.758
4.383
0.793
0.734
Significant
(2 tailed /.05)
.775 1.428
The independent t-Test showed that there was no significant
difference (t = 1.428, p > .05) in performance enhancement between
these two groups after the intervention. This supported the study of
Farrow, Chivers, Hardingham, and Sachse (1998) where the result of
the placebo-training group that experienced video footage of
professional tennis matches was not significant at deciding upon an
appropriate response. This led to accepting the null hypothesis of this
present study that resulted to no significant improvement between the
posttest mean total scores of the experimental and control groups.
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