INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7th JOINT - IOA

in learning the correct form in the squat lift. As for the study of
Atienza et al. (1998), results showed that there were significant
improvement among the 9 to 12 years old tennis players who
undergone 24 weeks of either physical practice plus video group or
physical practice plus video plus imagery group.
When the intra-group pre-posttest comparison was carried out, the
control group in Perak performed significantly better while the other
three control groups showed no significant improvement of
performance. The Perak subjects in the control group believed on the
effectiveness of peer modelling and duration of 12 weeks of videomodelling
sessions somehow may be the two factors that motivated
them to show improvement though they were not introduced to the
intervention of this present study. On the other hand, the beliefs of
subjects in other control groups were not strong enough to motivate
them to improve performance. This led to the overall finding that the
control group of this study was found not significantly improved on
performance when the pre-posttest comparison was carried out. These
findings supported previous study carried out by Trost et al. (2000)
where they reported that the video group (watched a 5 min video
describing physical activity) scored 70 percent being the highest point
followed by the verbal group with 52.4 percent, and the control group
scored the lowest with 35.6 percent. Trost and his colleagues
concluded that children have a limited understanding of the concept of
physical activity without intervention being introduced. As for this
present study, it could be interpreted that the gymnasts in the
gymnastics development program may possess limited perceptual and
understanding ability without exposing to visual demonstration
intervention or other pre-practice information.
Conclusion
The results of this present study suggest that video modelling has
the potential to provide appropriate information towards the success of
higher scores awarded for routine performances. Although the null
hypothesis was accepted regarding comparison of post-test mean total
scores between the experimental and control groups, there existed a
significant improvement of performance at 99 percent level of
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