INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7th JOINT - IOA

explaining the variety of the forms of organisation of sport policy
systems shall now be investigated.
Although such systems share the basic aim to organise and handle
the affairs of the respective national sport environment, Houlihan
(1997) differentiates between five overlapping types of sport policy
systems for industrialised democracies, structured according to their
degree and quality of government involvement, as well as the level of
centralisation of control.
One explanation for such a variety of different organisational
forms seems to be found when considering the links between a
respective national sport policy system and the general and sport
specific national background, as well as the wide spectrum of national
and international stakeholders such systems are embedded in
(Heinemann 2003, Houlihan 1997). Outlining this environment in the
upcoming chapter it is thereby to stress that besides influencing the
organisational design of a respective (elite) sport system, the different
stakeholders also represent gatekeepers for the different resources elite
sport systems are depending on:
Figure 2-2: Elite and Mass Sport Systems Stakeholder Enviro nment
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Reputation of Sport
Discipline Interest
Media Industry
National Background
Career Opportunities
Elite
Society Sport System Government
(Inter -) National
Mass Sport System
Focussing on
Federations
Economy
Other Industries
(Sponsors)
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Sport/Discipline
Military
Participation and Performance
Education System
(Sport) Science
Research
Sport Industries
National Status Quo
(Modified according to Braun 2000,Deloitte & Touche 2003b,Digel 2003,Houlihan 1997,etc.)
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