INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7th JOINT - IOA

of sport (www.wada-ama.org/en) 17 . Surrounding issues of anti-doping
is the eminent example of the complex mixture of interactions and
cooperation among governmental organizations, national policy
makers and sport INGOs, from which the domestic policy-processes
on anti-doping policy is constrained and affected by the decisions of
WADA.
Furthermore, such expanding debate and initiatives as the
protection of human rights of athletes and children 18 and the
inclusions of minorities, like those who have physical disabilities or
intellectual disabilities, into sport is occurring both at organizational
or bureaucratic and individual levels, which may influence and
incorporate into domestic and/or international policy-making
procedures. One of the interesting movements in sport can also be
seen from such campaigns as the first conference on women and sport
to adopt The Brighton Declaration by the International Working
Group on Women and Sport (IWGWS) 19 .
3. Summary and Further Discussions
As have been outlined, a significant number of sport international
governmental and non-governmental actors are engaged in various
sorts of activities and sport can be analyzed from the aspects of
‘globalization’ and ‘internationalization’. A large number of
arguments are based upon the account of hyperglobalists, that is, sport
commercialization, transfer/migration of athletes and sport
commodities are argued to be the form of ‘globalized sport’.
Nevertheless, as the previous chapter is conventionally divided into
three forms of sport globalization processes - culture, economic and
infrastructure of sport - the paper paid an attention to the continuing
substantial role and the capacity of state, in so far as the sport
international events and sport INGOs are organized by the geopolitical
divisions and activities of INGOs, sport media and businesses are
controlled by domestic political and administrative systems. It should
be noted, therefore, that the degree of international sports
organizations are still subject to the control by the domestic political,
administrative and legal systems and states play prominent driving
and decisive force: to spread the ideal of Olympic Movement, to
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