INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7th JOINT - IOA

The findings in Table 4 supported the studies carried out by Horn
et al. (2002), Adams (2001), Al-Abood et al. (2001), Trost et al.
(2000), Premuzak, Pieron, and Cloes (1995), and Weiss et al. (1992).
As for the control group, result indicated that there was no significant
performance enhancement between the pretest and posttest mean total
scores (t = - 1.507, p > .01). To further study the effect of videomodelling
based on the duration factor, Table 5 and Table 6 were
referred to show the analysis of the four gymnastics centers.
Table 5
Pre-posttest of the Experimental Groups Among Four Centers
Group Mean Std Deviation
Perak
Pretest
Posttest
BPSS
Pretest
Posttest
Pahang
Pretest
Posttest
Kelantan
Pretest
Posttest
4.870
5.588
4.223
4.628
3.325
4.088
4.308
4.985
1.258
1.272
1.428
1.071
0.964
1.076
1.582
1.525
- 574 -
Significant
(2 tailed /.01)
.000
.049
.000
.027
t
- 4.698
- 2.100
- 5.005
- 2.559
The results for the intra-group pre-posttest comparisons showed
that the experimental groups in the four gymnastics centers improved
significantly on performance at p < .05. Furthermore, the experimental
group in Perak and Pahang indicated significant improvement of
performance with t = - 4.698 and t = - 5.005 respectively at p < .01.
This was followed by Kelantan with t = - 2.559 and BPSS with t = -
2.100 at 95 percent level of confidence. However only the control
group in Perak showed significant improvement of the mean total
score with t = - 4.123, p < .01 as summarized in Table 6.