INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7th JOINT - IOA

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editions (1997/2001). Nicaragua has won a total of 641 medals in these Games 9 , Nicaraguan women have produced 111 of them (17%) Table 2 Nicaraguan Women’s Participation at Central American Games Year 1973 2 1977 3 1986 6 1990 5 1994 10 1997 13 2001 10 Sports Number Sports Athletics Volleyball Athletics, Volleyball Swimming Athletics, Basketball, Swimming, Softball, Table Tennis Volleyball Athletics, Judo, Softball, Volleyball Athletics, Basketball, Fencing, Bodybuilding, Weightlifting, Karate, Softball, Table Tennis Volleyball Chess, Athletics, Basketball, Fencing, Bodybuilding, Weightlifting, Judo, Karate, Swimming, Softball, Tae Kwon Do, Table Tennis, Volleyball Athletics, Bodybuilding, Soccer, Weightlifting, Judo, Karate Do, Swimming, Tae Kwon Do, Table Tennis, Volleyball - 526 - No. Athletes % particip Medals # and % 10 NA 10 2-10% 17 N/A 5-11% 49 N/A 13-12% 66 21 8-54% 85 28 34-26% 98 33 32-30% 98 33 17-17% During the period 1973-1990, Nicaraguan women’s participation in these Games was timid. It was mainly focused on Athletics, Volleyball, Swimming, and Softball. Logically, the women’s contribution to Nicaragua’s table of medals was as low as 12% (average) in this period. Therefore, the Nicaraguan Olympic Movement made tremendous efforts to encourage women’s participation in more sports. As a result, in San Salvador, in 1994, Nicaraguan women’s contribution increased up to 26%. That year,
there were 85 Nicaraguan women competing in 10 female sports. The female contribution level improved especially thanks to the women’s participation in sports where only men were capable of great sporting achievements: weightlifting, karate, judo, tae kwon do, and bodybuilding. In the following editions, until the last one in Guatemala 2001, the female contribution to the Nicaragua’s medal production as well as the number of Nicaraguan female participants has preserved similar levels and tends to improve even more. - Central American and Caribbean Games The quadrennial Central American and Caribbean games are the oldest continuing regional games. Only the Olympic games have a longer continuous history. The first Games were held in 1926. From 1926 to 1935 these Games were called Central American Games. In 1935, the name was changed to the Central American and the Caribbean Games to reflect expanded participation. Nicaragua has participated in 15 out of 19 editions of the Central American and the Caribbean Games (78.92 % of participation). Nicaragua wasn’t present at the 1926, 1930, 1946 and 1962 editions. 11 Nicaraguan women participated in this kind of event for the first time in 1950, when a female Nicaraguan basketball team competed at the edition that took place in Guatemala. This team accomplished the fourth place in the female basketball tournament of these Games. 12 Nicaraguan women’s participation at this level hasn’t been constant. In 1935 and 1938 editions, Nicaragua sent delegations composed only by men. These delegations had action in sports such as Baseball, Boxing, Weightlifting and Athletics. From 1954 to 1970, the Nicaraguan female figure is absent of these Games as well. From 1970 till today the Nicaraguan women’s participation has showed an average level of 16% in relation to the total proportion of Nicaraguan participants. The highest level of Nicaraguan women’s participation was in 1982 (25%) and the lowest one in the edition of 1993 (8%). Nicaragua has won 47 medals in these Games. Women have produced 9 of them (19%). - 527 -
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INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7 th
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EPHORIA OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPI
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IOC COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND OLYM
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FOREWORD Report on the IOA’s Spec
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Montenegro participated in the semi
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CULTURAL AND POLITICAL PARAMETERS O
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network was not developed and the c
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and the bronze (60 gr) medals award
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their competitors to prepare themse
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situation, which dragged Greece int
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e a cultural event for the city, th
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Yalouris, N., “The sacred areas o
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54 Vikelas D. - P. de Coubertin Let
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Festivals: From 776 BC to 395 AD, t
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The Cultural Programme in the Los A
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It presents the City of Athens as t
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The Department of Culture is puttin
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ATHENS THROUGH THE CAMPAIGN FOR THE
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The identification of the Greek peo
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encourages homogeneity and indiffer
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international media, in particular,
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eports and 12 pictures) personally
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BIBLIOGRAPHY • Burbank M., J. And
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COMPETITION AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION
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eings, on integrating all society,
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outinised procedures, parades, band
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sports programmes, and the social,
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THE CULTURAL INFLUENCE OF DEMETRIOS
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to Paris, the so-called "City of Li
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Nicopolis to Olympia", (which first
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particularities of states and peopl
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(Crawford, 2001). Therefore, it is
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Olympic movement engages, alone or
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“Regarding the development of you
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were initially restricted to French
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Take for example, the Olympic motto
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that the NOA of Malaysia has embark
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• Durry, Jean (1996) Pierre de Co
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diverse in nature. They are aimed a
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they may select one sculpture and o
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Educational themes of the National
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HIGHER EDUCATION NATIONAL SPORT ACA
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THE NATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY OF CEN
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- To continue our action towards th
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2005, and if we have a good recepti
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• Olympic Truce • Cultural acti
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THE ECUADORIAN OLYMPIC ACADEMY Mrs
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is conscience among students regard
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November 20, 1991 President N. Fila
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National Olympic Academies of the B
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Kangasniemi (weightlifting 1968). T
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world champion in swimming) career
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Seminary in Grenoble following the
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every leap year!... But how was the
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ancient tradition. The original tit
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Then came the throwing game, the gr
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conscious of this fact and see it a
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� Level II: for the managers of t
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-121- Courses Regulation Secondly:
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To fulfil these aims, 2 projects ha
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THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND
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Cooperation, collaboration and comm
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Second stage: The values and charac
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delivering to the society, youngste
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conceptual and technological develo
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ACTIVITIES OF THE JAPAN OLYMPIC ACA
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OLYMPIC EDUCATION 2004 THE NETHERLA
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THE SLOVAK OLYMPIC ACADEMY Dr Zdenk
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BUILDING VALUES THROUGH OLYMPISM SR
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As the founder and Director, I enjo
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won the praise of all participants
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NATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE OF TURKE
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3. To reach 400.000 students in 3 y
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Each game, lasting about 45 seconds
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REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE OLY
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3.2. A scientific conference devote
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8. Sport Veteran Movement 8.1. In t
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3. Colleges • 14 - 20 July, 2003
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HOA’s aim: - olympic schools to b
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• No, sport is not culture: - Spo
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demonstrate excellence in performan
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3. Make the message international a
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• Establish program for Olympic e
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Mr Ah-Tok CHUA (MAS) Director, NOA
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ARGENTINA Mr Juan Carlos URIBURU Pr
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Mr
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GERMANY Prof. Dr Helmut ALTENBERGER
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Ms Jung KOO Member, NOA of KOREA LA
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PERU Mr Rodolfo CREMER NICOLI Direc
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SLOVAKIA Mrs Zdenka LETENAYOVA Secr
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Mrs Larisa DOTSENKO OAU Scientific
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Ms Roula VATHI Thomaidou 1 115 25 N
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ARETÉ Ms Petra HRACHOVINOVA (CZE)
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many opportunities, for example, we
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the questions, in the dialogue betw
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4. ARETÉ as the whole in the concr
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VIRTUE AS A SPORT IN ANCIENT GREECE
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of paideia, which, according to Pla
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earn immortality through a laboriou
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origin of the winners were formed t
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NOTES 1 Hom. Il. 6, 208 (Hippolokho
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34 Diog. Laert. V 27. Among the man
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• KYLE, D.G., “Winning at Olymp
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πρώτος etc. (=the one and onl
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Koronia. Well-known are also the ac
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a temple or a shrine, an altar or a
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worship, between the Persian war (4
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THE OLYMPIC GAMES AND STATE FORMATI
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The Olympic victor and the polis: t
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In return, Olympic victors translat
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Macedon’s decisive victory over t
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KNOWLEDGE OF AND IDEAS ABOUT OLYMPI
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Geographical Sources PAUSANIAS was
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Pre-Olympic Games 17 Dating from th
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Excavations The first archaeologica
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situated. PAUSANIAS, Führer durch
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29 DOLIANITIS, Giorgios, “Die gri
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INTELLECTUAL PREMISES OF SPORT IN T
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the popular ones. From one of these
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way of life: "the chief support cam
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BOA’s aim is to promote the Olymp
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In France, in 1792, fourth year of
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Dimitrios Vikelas’ part in the Mo
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well-being but also to the formatio
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exceptionally enthusiastic crowd of
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15 Oikonomou A., Three people, p.p
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OLYMPIC GAMES AND AMATEURISM IN THE
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“I felt that the British would vo
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II. What is at stake when dealing w
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Surely this should indicate that as
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it holds out hope for a happier, he
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symbolic persons of this debate (Av
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5 SCHRANZ, Karl (Aufgezeichnet von
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30 DI RUZZA, F. ; GERBIER, B. (1977
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BIBLIOGRAPHY: • ALBERT, Pierre (1
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• MÜLLER, Norbert (1995) (coord.
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investment, in cash or kind, in an
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Table 1: TOP Programme Evolution (I
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Conclusion The Olympic marketing pr
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AN OLYMPIC INDEX: A COMPARISON OF P
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to win at each Olympic edition. Sin
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% Figure 2: Percentage of the total
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Based on the medal ranking, the Net
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THE OLYMPIC GAMES, EUGENICS, AND GE
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therapies could be used to artifici
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delivered to the working muscles wh
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under these broad and encompassing
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APPENDIX Gene Doping, Eugenics, and
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transfer techniques, then the anaem
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phenomenon from without. Therefore,
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It is interesting to hear that Torb
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and light all have a great importan
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How can we make this perception mor
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“WIND OF CHANGE IN THE ROUND TABL
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women participating in sport and ph
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Volleyball association regarding th
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Biographical methods carried a stro
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members of sport organization, Rath
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In this paper, we will focus on one
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instance I was a member without vot
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In order to gain more influential p
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However, after many following meeti
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Volleyball Board came up with an id
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BIBLIOGRAPHY • Bertaux, D. (1996)
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GLOBALIZATION AND INTERNATIONALIZAT
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The second account of globalization
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2.1 Sport as a ‘Globalized Cultur
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are also involved in the rapid expa
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and Sport for All through the regul
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of sport (www.wada-ama.org/en) 17 .
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NOTES 1 Some globalization skeptics
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18 Bruce Kidd and Peter Donnelly (2
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Distinctive features On politics On
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BIBLIOGRAPHY • Anderson, B. (1991
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• Henry, I. (1999) "Globalisation
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• Rosenau, J. N. (1990) Turbulenc
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conditions of the State of Californ
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Olympic sponsorship is a part of in
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Building business and trade relatio
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The Olympic Games The Olympic Games
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BIBLIOGRAPHY • MATTHEW D. SHANK (
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Olympic Congresses called during Co
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Throughout the more than forty year
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edition in 2003. Likewise, seven jo
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events including international comp
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expressed in the fundamentals princ
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� The IOA should: o Coordinate wi
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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHICAL STAND
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(CACHAY/THIEL 1997, 11 ff; PATSANTA
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principles and whether there is a c
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While fairness (68.5%), - independe
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The principle of solidarity My COAC
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with an early high-performance age.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY • ABRAHAM, A.: Ident
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Introduction OLYMPIC EDUCATIONAL PR
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employment, it has guided all the i
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Not being social aware is a lack of
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take environmental considerations i
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policy. It is the first case in Ita
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Organisational Committee and valida
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SCHOOL OLYMPIC GAMES IN ESTONIA Oly
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� contest of the Olympic mascot;
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In mathematics younger students can
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Tõrva, founded in 1767, in 1996 on
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of Europe best wrestlers. Within cu
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ROLE OF OLYMPIC EDUCATION AT SCHOOL
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centralized management system, from
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independence. Compulsory and option
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The offered themes about ancient Ol
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The offered themes about ancient Ol
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Introduction REACHING SECONDARY SCH
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essential part of life and thus con
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Common barriers and constraints As
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Bridging National Olympic Academies
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tools and resources they need to te
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separate us very much.” This, in
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APPENDIX 1 - QUESTIONS ASKED IN QUE
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Table 3 - List of small island stat
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REFERENCES • BORG, L. (1996) Smal
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In May 2004, the Seventh School Oly
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8. Financing sports career and an a
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Introduction (Activity, Sport, Cult
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win or become a champion. The aim o
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Culture and Ethics in Symbols and P
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duty in life is not to win but to m
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athlete can’t use any means to wi
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emphasize the Cultural and Ethical
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value of good example and respect f
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status and winning, and therefore t
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Although there was increasing accep
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stretching our skills to meet the c
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to structure sport so that it is a
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• Miller, P. S. and Kerr, G. A. (
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The complexity and general aggravat
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Page 475 and 476: 2.3 Elite Sport System - How to Bre
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Page 479 and 480: society, economy and government wit
Page 481 and 482: strong link between the government
Page 483 and 484: of competitors and best-in-class co
Page 485 and 486: • Houlihan, B., 1997. Sport, Poli
Page 487 and 488: jurisdictional task carried out in
Page 489 and 490: 1.2.2. The Application for Arbitrat
Page 491 and 492: At this point the special features
Page 493 and 494: Conclusions The CAS Ad Hoc Division
Page 495 and 496: of the IAF Symposium on Sport & Law
Page 497 and 498: “WHAT’S THAT IT’S ALL ABOUT?
Page 499 and 500: • The independence of sport As Ki
Page 501 and 502: Scholars are divided in their asses
Page 503 and 504: codes of excellence were operationa
Page 505 and 506: of international understanding was
Page 507 and 508: to combine some of that” (Gold Ru
Page 509 and 510: WOMEN IN CHINESE SPORTS: ACHIEVEMEN
Page 511 and 512: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OLYMPIC MOVE
Page 513 and 514: Georgia is amongst those 30 countri
Page 515 and 516: From this point of view, the import
Page 517 and 518: WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN THE NICA
Page 519 and 520: Defrantz of United States of Americ
Page 521 and 522: Executive and the Technical Secreta
Page 523: are single mothers that drop school
Page 527 and 528: Table 4 Nicaraguan Women’s Partic
Page 529 and 530: Currently, there are in total 16 wo
Page 531 and 532: BIBLIOGRAPHY Books and/or papers
Page 533 and 534: MANAGEMENT OF SPORTS AND NIGERIA’
Page 535 and 536: populace i.e. the tax payer expects
Page 537 and 538: Ministry of Sport, all Ministers of
Page 539 and 540: potentials in Nigeria, as reflected
Page 541 and 542: 3. PROFESSIONAL PREPARATIONS OF SPO
Page 543 and 544: DEALING WITH SOCIO-CULTURAL BARRIER
Page 545 and 546: Black African female participation
Page 547 and 548: In the present dispensation she is
Page 549 and 550: gathered from a number of female do
Page 551 and 552: REFERENCES • Adedeji, J.A. (1991)
Page 553 and 554: - acceptance of rules and decisions
Page 555 and 556: Together with fair play, we also ex
Page 557 and 558: • Factor 6: Irresponsibility: rep
Page 559 and 560: Regarding fair play both groups dif
Page 561 and 562: asic, whereas older athletes also k
Page 563 and 564: - Women Olympic sportswomen are mor
Page 565 and 566: THE EFFECT OF VIDEO-MODELING ON PER
Page 567 and 568: had investigated the effectiveness
Page 569 and 570: modelling through video/peer effect
Page 571 and 572: Nevertheless there existed a signif
Page 573 and 574: Table 6 Pre-posttest of the Control
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However there existed a significant
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in learning the correct form in the
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REFERENCES • Adams, D. (2001). Th
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Abstract retrieved November 11, 200
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implication in sport. The Internati
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the Olympic Studies Centre. From th
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The ISSEP was established in 1997 w
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� Research (The EPFL is also the
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� Promote the Olympic Movement to
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� In a single place: one Professo
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STRATEGIC CONSIDERATION FOR THE DEV
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The Sport Directory The Sport Direc
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every weekend starting from the 05
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Support Group Appeal - refers to th
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the good relationships between the
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the identification of an organisati
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5. Installing more beach volleyball
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• Longman (1988) ‘Dictionary of
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STUDENTS’ PRESENTATIONS Four pape
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girls in separate teams, under the
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times but remained largely an arist
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for improving society. The late nin
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on political issues, specifically t
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Another Games within the Olympic mo
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human springtime. While the initial
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protection with constant monitoring
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years after the respective events.
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D. CONCLUSIONS ON “ETHICAL AND PH
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marketability, attract sponsors, an
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Olympic philosophy between elitism
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Fifth, to operationalise the Olympi
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The Educational and Instructional M
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The Hungarian Olympic Academy Mrs M
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The Implementation of Ethical Stand
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Conclusions Conclusions on “Ancie
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INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7th JOINT - IOA

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