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Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration / Shan K

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REFERENCES<br />

ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS 5.67<br />

door dampers for ventilation can be automatically shut <strong>of</strong>f during morning warm-up <strong>and</strong> cooldown,<br />

or nighttime setback except when ventilation reduces energy costs, or ventilation must be<br />

supplied. Both outdoor <strong>air</strong> or exhaust dampers shall have a maximum <strong>air</strong> leakage <strong>of</strong> 3 cfm/ft 2<br />

(15 L/s�m 2 ) at a pressure difference <strong>of</strong> 1.0 in WC (250 Pa). As an exception, gravity dampers<br />

(nonmotorized) are acceptable in buildings less than three stories in height or for buildings <strong>of</strong> any<br />

height in climates with HDD65 less than 2700. Also excepted are systems with a design outside<br />

<strong>air</strong> intake <strong>of</strong> 300 cfm (142 L/s) or less that are equipped with motor operated dampers.<br />

● Zone isolation. HVAC systems serving zones that are intended to operate or be occupied nonsimultaneously<br />

shall be divided into isolation areas. Each isolation area shall be no larger than<br />

25,000 ft 2 (2320 m 2 ) <strong>of</strong> floor area nor include more than one floor. Each isolation area shall be<br />

equipped wih isolation devices that can automatically shut <strong>of</strong>f the supply <strong>of</strong> conditoned <strong>air</strong>, outside<br />

<strong>air</strong>, <strong>and</strong> exhaust <strong>air</strong> from the area. Each isolation area can be controlled independently.<br />

Alex<strong>and</strong>er, J., Aldridge, R., <strong>and</strong> O’Sullivan, D., Wireless Zone Sensors, Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning,<br />

no. 5, 1993, pp. 37–39.<br />

Alley, R. L., Selecting <strong>and</strong> Sizing outside <strong>and</strong> Return Air Dampers for VAV Economizer Systems, ASHRAE<br />

Transactions, 1988, Part I, pp. 1457–1466.<br />

Alpers, R., <strong>and</strong> Zaragoza, J., Air Quality Sensors for Dem<strong>and</strong> Controlled Ventilation, Heating/Piping/Air<br />

Conditioning, no. 7, 1944, pp. 89–91.<br />

Anderson, R., Gems to Look for in EMCS, Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning, no. 11, 1991, pp. 47–52.<br />

ANSI/ASHRAE, St<strong>and</strong>ard 135–1995, BACnet: A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation <strong>and</strong><br />

Control Networks, ASHRAE Inc., Atlanta, GA, 1995.<br />

Asbill, C. M., Direct Digital vs. Pneumatic Controls, Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning, November 1984,<br />

pp. 111–116.<br />

ASHRAE, ASHRAE <strong>H<strong>and</strong>book</strong> 1995, HVAC Applications, Atlanta, GA, 1995.<br />

ASHRAE/IESNA, St<strong>and</strong>ard 90.1–1999, Energy St<strong>and</strong>ard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings,<br />

ASHRAE Inc., Atlanta, GA, 1999.<br />

Astrom, K. J., <strong>and</strong> Hagglund, T., A New Auto-Tuning Design, IFAC International Symposium on Adaptive<br />

Control <strong>of</strong> Chemical Processes, Copenhagen, 1984.<br />

Avery, G., Selecting <strong>and</strong> Controlling Economizer Dampers, Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning, no. 8, 1996,<br />

pp. 73–78.<br />

Becker, H. P., How Much Sense Do Room Occupancy Sensor Controls Make? ASHRAE Transactions, 1986,<br />

Part I, pp. 333–342.<br />

Bekker, J. E., Meckl, P. H., <strong>and</strong> Hittle, D. C., A Tuning Method for First Order Processes with PI Controllers,<br />

ASHRAE Transactions, 1991, Part II, pp. 19–23.<br />

Brambley, M., Pratt, R., Chassin, D., Katipamula, S., <strong>and</strong> Hatley, D., Diagnostics for Outdoor Air Ventilation<br />

<strong>and</strong> Economizers, ASHRAE Journal no. 10, 1998, pp. 49–55.<br />

Brothers, P., <strong>and</strong> Cooney, K., A Knowledge-Based System for Comfort Diagnostics, ASHRAE Journal, no. 9,<br />

1989, pp. 60–67.<br />

Bushby, S. T., <strong>and</strong> Newman, M., BACnet: A Technical Update, ASHRAE Journal, no. 1, 1994, pp. S72–S84.<br />

Curtiss, P. S., Shavit, G., <strong>and</strong> Kreider, J. F., Neural Networks Applied to Buildings—A Tutorial <strong>and</strong> Case Studies<br />

in Prediction <strong>and</strong> Adaptive Control, ASHRAE Transactions, 1996, Part I, pp. 1141–1146.<br />

Davison, F. G., Direct Digital Control Documentation Employing Graphical Programming, ASHRAE Journal,<br />

no. 9, 1992, pp. 46–52.<br />

Dexter, A. L., <strong>and</strong> Benouarets, M., A Generic Approach to Identifying Faults in HVAC Plants, ASHRAE Transactions,<br />

1996, Part I, pp. 550–556.<br />

Elyashiv, T., Beneath the Surface: BACnet Data Link <strong>and</strong> Physical Layer Options, ASHRAE Journal, no. 11,

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