Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration / Shan K

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Closed Expansion Tank float valve, and an internal overflow drain is always installed. A float valve is a globe or ball valve connected with a float ball to regulate the makeup water flow according to the liquid level in the tank. An open expansion tank is often connected to the suction side of the water pump to prevent the water pressure in the system from dropping below the atmospheric pressure. The pressure of the liquid level in the open tank is equal to the atmospheric pressure, which thus provides a reference point of known pressure to determine the water pressure at any point in the water system. The minimum tank volume should be at least 6 percent of the volume of water in the system V s,ft 3 (m 3 ). An open expansion tank is simple, more stable in terms of system pressure characteristics, and low in cost. If it is installed indoors, it often needs a high ceiling. If it is installed outdoors, water must be prevented from freezing in the tank, air vent, or pipes connected to the tank when the outdoor temperature is below 32°F (0°C). Because the water surface in the tank is exposed to the atmosphere, oxygen is more easily absorbed into the water, which makes the tank less resistant to corrosion than a diaphragm tank (to be described later). Because of these disadvantages, an open expansion tank has only limited applications. A closed expansion tank is an airtight tank filled with air or other gases, as shown in Fig. 7.8. When the temperature of the water increases, the water volume expands. Excess water then enters the tank. The air in the tank is compressed, which raises the system pressure. When the water temperature drops, the water volume contracts, resulting in a reduction of the system pressure. To reduce the amount of air dissolved in the water so as to prevent corrosion and prevent air noise, a diaphragm, or a bladder, is often installed in the closed expansion tank to separate the filled air and the water permanently. Such an expansion tank is called a diaphragm, or bladder, expansion tank. Thus, a closed expansion tank is either a plain closed expansion tank, which does not have a diaphragm to separate air and water, or a diaphragm tank. For a water system with only one air-filled space, the junction between the closed expansion tank and the water system is a point of fixed pressure. At this point, water pressure remains constant whether or not the pump is operating because the filled air pressure depends on only the volume of water in the system. The pressure at this point can be determined according to the ideal gas law, as given by Eq. (2.1): pv � RT R. The pressure in a closed expansion tank during the initial filling process or at the minimum operating pressure is called the fill pressure p fil, psia. The fill pressure is often used as the reference pressure to determine the pressure characteristics of a water system. Size of Diaphragm Expansion Tank If a closed expansion tank with its filled volume of air is too small, the system pressure will easily exceed the maximum allowable pressure and cause water to discharge from the pressure relief valve, thus wasting water. If the closed tank is too large, when the water temperature drops, the system pressure may decrease to a level below the minimum allowable value and cause trouble in the air vent. Therefore, accurate sizing of a closed expansion tank is essential. For diaphragm expansion tanks, the minimum volume of the water tank, V t, gal (m 3 ), can be calculated by the following formula, recommended by ASHRAE Handbook 1996, HVAC Systems and Equipment: v2 / v1 � 1 � 3�(T2 � T1) Vt � Vs � 1 � p1 / p � 2 where T 1 � lower temperature, °F (°C) T 2 � higher temperature, °F (°C) V s � volume of water in system, gal (m 3 ) p 1 � absolute pressure at lower temperature, psia (kPa abs.) WATER SYSTEMS 7.21 (7.3)
7.22 CHAPTER SEVEN FIGURE 7.8 Closed expansion tank for a water system. (a) Diaphragm expansion tank in a chilled water system. (b) Diaphragm expansion tank in a hot water system. (c) Plain closed expansion tank.
Page 1 and 2:
HANDBOOK OF AIR CONDITIONING AND RE
Page 3 and 4:
This book is dedicated to my dear w
Page 5 and 6:
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION Air condi
Page 7 and 8:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PREFACE TO THE FIRS
Page 9 and 10:
I.2 INDEX Air conditioning systems,
Page 11 and 12:
I.4 INDEX Bernoulli equation, 17.2
Page 13 and 14:
I.6 INDEX Chilled-water storage sys
Page 15 and 16:
I.8 INDEX Constant-volume single-zo
Page 17 and 18:
I.10 INDEX Discharge air temperatur
Page 19 and 20:
I.12 INDEX Evaporative cooling syst
Page 21 and 22:
I.14 INDEX Fault detection and diag
Page 23 and 24:
I.16 INDEX Ice storage systems: com
Page 25 and 26:
I.18 INDEX Packaged systems, fan-po
Page 27 and 28:
I.20 INDEX Refrigerant flow control
Page 29 and 30:
I.22 INDEX Silencers (Cont.) dissip
Page 31 and 32:
I.24 INDEX Space pressurization or
Page 33 and 34:
I.26 INDEX VAV systems, VAV cooling
Page 35 and 36:
Preface to Second Edition xi Prefac
Page 37 and 38:
Chapter 27. Air Conditioning System
Page 39 and 40:
1.2 CHAPTER ONE limits for the comf
Page 41 and 42:
1.4 CHAPTER ONE Individual Room Air
Page 43 and 44:
1.6 CHAPTER ONE Unitary Packaged Ai
Page 45 and 46:
1.8 CHAPTER ONE Water System Centra
Page 47 and 48:
1.10 CHAPTER ONE fire protection sy
Page 49 and 50:
1.12 CHAPTER ONE Unitary Packaged S
Page 51 and 52:
1.14 CHAPTER ONE in the residential
Page 53 and 54:
1.16 CHAPTER ONE shipments were 750
Page 55 and 56:
1.18 CHAPTER ONE properly equipped
Page 57 and 58:
1.20 CHAPTER ONE Engineer’s Quali
Page 59 and 60:
1.22 CHAPTER ONE Drawings Specifica
Page 61 and 62:
1.24 CHAPTER ONE criteria or system
Page 63 and 64:
1.26 CHAPTER ONE ● Equipment sele
Page 65 and 66:
1.28 CHAPTER ONE Rowland, F. S., Th
Page 67 and 68:
2.2 CHAPTER TWO The amount of water
Page 69 and 70:
2.4 CHAPTER TWO Dalton’s law is b
Page 71 and 72:
2.6 CHAPTER TWO Temperature Measure
Page 73 and 74:
2.8 CHAPTER TWO Degree of Saturatio
Page 75 and 76:
2.10 CHAPTER TWO Density where pat
Page 77 and 78:
2.12 CHAPTER TWO Thermodynamic Wet-
Page 79 and 80:
2.14 CHAPTER TWO The term T � T
Page 81 and 82:
2.16 CHAPTER TWO 2.8 HUMIDITY MEASU
Page 83 and 84:
2.18 CHAPTER TWO FIGURE 2.7 Ion-exc
Page 85 and 86:
2.20 CHAPTER TWO The last digit for
Page 87 and 88:
2.22 CHAPTER TWO Cooling and Dehumi
Page 89 and 90:
2.24 CHAPTER TWO p ws � From Eq.
Page 91 and 92:
2.26 CHAPTER TWO Aslam, S., Charmch
Page 93 and 94:
3.2 CHAPTER THREE 3.1 BUILDING ENVE
Page 95 and 96:
3.4 CHAPTER THREE Convective Heat T
Page 97 and 98:
3.6 CHAPTER THREE Overall Heat Tran
Page 99 and 100:
3.8 CHAPTER THREE Heat Capacity The
Page 101 and 102:
3.10 CHAPTER THREE Coefficients for
Page 103 and 104:
3.12 CHAPTER THREE Temperature also
Page 105 and 106:
3.14 CHAPTER THREE FIGURE 3.3 Mass
Page 107 and 108:
3.16 CHAPTER THREE Moisture Transfe
Page 109 and 110:
3.18 CHAPTER THREE During summer, t
Page 111 and 112:
3.20 CHAPTER THREE TABLE 3.3 Therma
Page 113 and 114:
3.22 CHAPTER THREE 3.7 SOLAR ANGLES
Page 115 and 116:
3.24 CHAPTER THREE ● Solar altitu
Page 117 and 118:
3.26 CHAPTER THREE In Table 3.5, th
Page 119 and 120:
3.28 CHAPTER THREE National Climati
Page 121 and 122:
3.30 CHAPTER THREE silver coatings
Page 123 and 124:
3.32 CHAPTER THREE 3.10 HEAT ADMITT
Page 125 and 126:
3.34 CHAPTER THREE design condition
Page 127 and 128:
3.36 CHAPTER THREE Shading Coeffici
Page 129 and 130:
3.38 CHAPTER THREE 40° north latit
Page 131 and 132:
3.40 CHAPTER THREE and fire protect
Page 133 and 134:
3.42 CHAPTER THREE External Shading
Page 135 and 136:
3.44 CHAPTER THREE FIGURE 3.16 Shad
Page 137 and 138:
3.46 CHAPTER THREE 3.12 HEAT EXCHAN
Page 139 and 140:
3.48 CHAPTER THREE Example 3.2. At
Page 141 and 142:
3.50 CHAPTER THREE Fenestration, in
Page 143 and 144:
3.52 CHAPTER THREE Donnelly, R. G.,
Page 145 and 146:
4.2 CHAPTER FOUR 2. Indoor air qual
Page 147 and 148:
4.4 CHAPTER FOUR 4.3 METABOLIC RATE
Page 149 and 150:
4.6 CHAPTER FOUR When the air veloc
Page 151 and 152:
4.8 CHAPTER FOUR calculated as TABL
Page 153 and 154:
4.10 CHAPTER FOUR FIGURE 4.2 Mean v
Page 155 and 156:
4.12 CHAPTER FOUR FIGURE 4.4 Dimens
Page 157 and 158:
4.14 CHAPTER FOUR Effective Tempera
Page 159 and 160:
FIGURE 4.5 Fanger’s comfort chart
Page 161 and 162:
4.18 CHAPTER FOUR Dew-point tempera
Page 163 and 164:
4.20 CHAPTER FOUR lower boundary in
Page 165 and 166:
4.22 CHAPTER FOUR FIGURE 4.9 Relati
Page 167 and 168:
4.24 CHAPTER FOUR levels are as fol
Page 169 and 170:
4.26 CHAPTER FOUR In Eq. (4.24), 0.
Page 171 and 172:
4.28 CHAPTER FOUR 1. Total particul
Page 173 and 174:
4.30 CHAPTER FOUR Outdoor Air Requi
Page 175 and 176:
4.32 CHAPTER FOUR 4.12 SOUND LEVEL
Page 177 and 178:
4.34 CHAPTER FOUR Human Response an
Page 179 and 180:
4.36 CHAPTER FOUR FIGURE 4.11 Room
Page 181 and 182:
4.38 CHAPTER FOUR hazardous, contam
Page 183 and 184:
4.40 TABLE 4.10 Climatic Conditions
Page 185 and 186:
4.42 CHAPTER FOUR 3. Outdoor weathe
Page 187 and 188:
CHAPTER 5 ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CON
Page 189 and 190:
The 1973 energy crisis greatly boos
Page 191 and 192:
The later the building is construct
Page 193 and 194:
Control Methods ENERGY MANAGEMENT A
Page 195 and 196:
5.3 CONTROL MODES Two-Position Cont
Page 197 and 198:
Floating Control Proportional Contr
Page 199 and 200:
The set point is the desired value
Page 201 and 202:
where K is the derivative gain. The
Page 203 and 204:
ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTE
Page 205 and 206:
Pressure Sensors Flow Sensors ENERG
Page 207 and 208:
An infrared occupancy sensor senses
Page 209 and 210:
For a direct-acting pneumatic tempe
Page 211 and 212:
attery backup. However, EEPROM cann
Page 213 and 214:
Types of Control Valves to the elec
Page 215 and 216:
Valve Selection ENERGY MANAGEMENT A
Page 217 and 218:
design water flow rate V˙ , gpm (L
Page 219 and 220:
The movement of the split damper fr
Page 221 and 222:
damper is then fully opened. If the
Page 223 and 224:
Damper Selection Damper Sizing wher
Page 225 and 226:
BAC net SC BAC net UC UC UC UC SC A
Page 227 and 228:
Future Development The development
Page 229 and 230:
Network Layer Conformance Class, Fu
Page 231 and 232:
5.10 CONTROL LOGIC AND ARTIFICIAL I
Page 233 and 234:
Fuzzy Logic Controller. An FLC cons
Page 235 and 236:
give a printout. A friendly dialog
Page 237 and 238:
Artificial Neural Networks ENERGY M
Page 239 and 240:
3. Evaluate the error � between t
Page 241 and 242:
Graphical Programming for Mechanica
Page 243 and 244:
System Capacity changes during off-
Page 245 and 246:
Generic Controls ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Page 247 and 248:
● Central plant control Multiple-
Page 249 and 250:
The diagnostician used color coding
Page 251 and 252:
Discharge air temperature T dis,
Page 253 and 254:
REFERENCES ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CO
Page 255 and 256:
ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTE
Page 257 and 258:
6.2 CHAPTER SIX 6.1 SPACE LOAD CHAR
Page 259 and 260:
6.4 CHAPTER SIX FIGURE 6.2 Solar he
Page 261 and 262:
6.6 CHAPTER SIX Influence of Stored
Page 263 and 264:
6.8 CHAPTER SIX leaving the coil, s
Page 265 and 266:
6.10 CHAPTER SIX the maximum sum of
Page 267 and 268:
6.12 CHAPTER SIX adoption of person
Page 269 and 270:
6.14 CHAPTER SIX Characteristics of
Page 271 and 272:
6.16 CHAPTER SIX where T sol, a �
Page 273 and 274:
6.18 CHAPTER SIX Space latent heat
Page 275 and 276: 6.20 CHAPTER SIX FIGURE 6.7 Relatio
Page 277 and 278: 6.22 TABLE 6.2 CLTD for Calculating
Page 279 and 280: 6.24 CHAPTER SIX Infiltration Infil
Page 281 and 282: 6.26 CHAPTER SIX nighttime in summe
Page 283 and 284: 6.28 CHAPTER SIX ● Outer surface
Page 285 and 286: 6.30 TABLE 6.6 July Solar Cooling L
Page 287 and 288: 6.32 CHAPTER SIX From Eqs. (6.19a)
Page 289 and 290: 6.34 CHAPTER SIX thickness of the d
Page 291 and 292: 6.36 CHAPTER SIX Simplifying Assump
Page 293 and 294: 6.38 CHAPTER SIX where hci � conv
Page 295 and 296: 6.40 CHAPTER SIX Adjacent Unheated
Page 297 and 298: 6.42 CHAPTER SIX the next morning b
Page 299 and 300: 6.44 CHAPTER SIX Trace 600 Input—
Page 301 and 302: 6.46 CHAPTER SIX ● For the calcul
Page 303 and 304: 6.48 CHAPTER SIX Area of perimeter
Page 305 and 306: 6.50 CHAPTER SIX Komor, P., Space C
Page 307 and 308: 7.2 CHAPTER SEVEN 7.1 FUNDAMENTALS
Page 309 and 310: 7.4 CHAPTER SEVEN Open systems need
Page 311 and 312: 7.6 CHAPTER SEVEN FIGURE 7.2 Fricti
Page 313 and 314: 7.8 TABLE 7.1 Dimensions of Commonl
Page 315 and 316: TABLE 7.2 Dimensions of Copper Tube
Page 317 and 318: 7.12 CHAPTER SEVEN Pipe Joints Copp
Page 319 and 320: 7.14 CHAPTER SEVEN also be consider
Page 321 and 322: 7.16 CHAPTER SEVEN Insulation expos
Page 323 and 324: 7.18 CHAPTER SEVEN Valve Materials
Page 325: 7.20 CHAPTER SEVEN Open Expansion T
Page 329 and 330: 7.24 CHAPTER SEVEN Penalties due to
Page 331 and 332: 7.26 CHAPTER SEVEN TABLE 7.7 Analys
Page 333 and 334: 7.28 CHAPTER SEVEN Changeover Two P
Page 335 and 336: 7.30 CHAPTER SEVEN a semiautomatic
Page 337 and 338: 7.32 CHAPTER SEVEN Performance Curv
Page 339 and 340: 7.34 CHAPTER SEVEN remove. In most
Page 341 and 342: 7.36 CHAPTER SEVEN FIGURE 7.15 Comb
Page 343 and 344: 7.38 CHAPTER SEVEN The wire-to-wate
Page 345 and 346: 7.40 CHAPTER SEVEN Variable Flow fo
Page 347 and 348: 7.42 CHAPTER SEVEN Chiller VSD 2 VS
Page 349 and 350: 7.44 5 2 6 Plant hot water pump Boi
Page 351 and 352: 7.46 CHAPTER SEVEN Sequence of Oper
Page 353 and 354: 7.48 CHAPTER SEVEN FIGURE 7.20 (Con
Page 355 and 356: 7.50 CHAPTER SEVEN Use of Balancing
Page 357 and 358: 7.52 CHAPTER SEVEN 2. For Qcs/Qcs,d
Page 359 and 360: 7.54 CHAPTER SEVEN The following ar
Page 361 and 362: 7.56 CHAPTER SEVEN loops. However,
Page 363 and 364: 7.58 CHAPTER SEVEN DDC system contr
Page 365 and 366: 7.60 CHAPTER SEVEN REFERENCES Input
Page 367 and 368: CHAPTER 8 HEATING SYSTEMS, FURNACES
Page 369 and 370: 8.2 WARM AIR FURNACES Types of Warm
Page 371 and 372: Heat exchanger Warm air supply plen
Page 373 and 374: Saving Energy ● Annual fuel utili
Page 375 and 376: Nighttime Setback. ASHRAE research
Page 377 and 378:
HEATING SYSTEMS, FURNACES, AND BOIL
Page 379 and 380:
Gas and Oil Burners When natural ga
Page 381 and 382:
Modern packaged boilers often inclu
Page 383 and 384:
Electric Hot Water Boilers elements
Page 385 and 386:
where volume flow rate of supply ai
Page 387 and 388:
Thermal Stratification divided into
Page 389 and 390:
15°F (8.3°C) is usually used. The
Page 391 and 392:
Design Considerations FIGURE 8.8 Ba
Page 393 and 394:
finned tube is 1190 Btu/h (350 W).
Page 395 and 396:
Heating flux q u, Btu/h•ft 2 Floo
Page 397 and 398:
● Pulse-width-modulated zone cont
Page 399 and 400:
Design and Layout HEATING SYSTEMS,
Page 401 and 402:
REFERENCES HEATING SYSTEMS, FURNACE
Page 403 and 404:
CHAPTER 9 REFRIGERANTS, REFRIGERATI
Page 405 and 406:
9.2 REFRIGERANTS Refrigerants, Cool
Page 407 and 408:
9.3 PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
Page 409 and 410:
● Halide torch. This method is si
Page 411 and 412:
9.9 Specific volume of Power Critic
Page 413 and 414:
Action and Measures REFRIGERANTS, R
Page 415 and 416:
Because of the worldwide effort to
Page 417 and 418:
Zeotropic HFC HFC-410A is a blend o
Page 419 and 420:
Refrigeration Cycles Unit of Refrig
Page 421 and 422:
the diagram and temperature T, °R,
Page 423 and 424:
The heat extracted from the source
Page 425 and 426:
REFRIGERANTS, REFRIGERATION CYCLES,
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
With subcooling, Savings in electri
Page 433 and 434:
calculated as where p con � conde
Page 435 and 436:
Coefficient of Performance REFRIGER
Page 437 and 438:
Then, from Eq. (9.33), the total wo
Page 439 and 440:
x 1 at interstage pressure p i1 can
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
From Eq. (9.22), the enthalpy diffe
Page 449 and 450:
FIGURE 9.13 (Continued) where p 1,
Page 451 and 452:
If �c, �t, TR1� , TR3, and pr
Page 453 and 454:
Recent Developments ASHRAE Standard
Page 455 and 456:
The only type of non-positive displ
Page 457 and 458:
Energy Use Index In Eq. (9.71), m˙
Page 459 and 460:
For institutional or health care oc
Page 461 and 462:
Storage of Refrigerants REFERENCES
Page 463 and 464:
CHAPTER 10 REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: C
Page 465 and 466:
● Shell-and-tube liquid cooler wi
Page 467 and 468:
at an oil concentration of 3 percen
Page 469 and 470:
or h al � h ae � �(h ae � h
Page 471 and 472:
FIGURE 10.3 Control of DX coils at
Page 473 and 474:
Example 10.1. A DX coil in a packag
Page 475 and 476:
REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: COMPONENTS 1
Page 477 and 478:
where U dirty, U clean � overall
Page 479 and 480:
Temperature difference T ee � T e
Page 481 and 482:
FIGURE 10.7 (Continued) (b) Schemat
Page 483 and 484:
Total Heat Rejection Compared with
Page 485 and 486:
FIGURE 10.9 Double-tube condenser.
Page 487 and 488:
It is important to recognize that t
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
A refrigeration system with a lower
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
Selection and Installation REFRIGER
Page 497 and 498:
Counterflow Forced-Draft Cooling To
Page 499 and 500:
air film that surrounds the condens
Page 501 and 502:
By using the numerical integration
Page 503 and 504:
Tower Coefficient and Water-Air Rat
Page 505 and 506:
Construction Materials cellular fil
Page 507 and 508:
(T w2 � T w1)/(h s � h a), or t
Page 509 and 510:
Blowdown Legionnaires’ Disease va
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
The rated conditions of air-cooled
Page 515 and 516:
The corresponding saturated tempera
Page 517 and 518:
Electric Expansion Valves slugs may
Page 519 and 520:
Capillary Tube FIGURE 10.21 Float v
Page 521 and 522:
Page 523 and 524:
11.2 CHAPTER ELEVEN 11.1 RECIPROCAT
Page 525 and 526:
11.4 CHAPTER ELEVEN refrigerants. A
Page 527 and 528:
11.6 FIGURE 11.5 Schematic reciproc
Page 529 and 530:
11.8 CHAPTER ELEVEN Accessories sys
Page 531 and 532:
11.10 CHAPTER ELEVEN into the inner
Page 533 and 534:
11.12 CHAPTER ELEVEN FIGURE 11.8 Se
Page 535 and 536:
11.14 CHAPTER ELEVEN Size of Copper
Page 537 and 538:
11.16 CHAPTER ELEVEN TABLE 11.3 Fit
Page 539 and 540:
11.18 CHAPTER ELEVEN FIGURE 11.10 S
Page 541 and 542:
11.20 CHAPTER ELEVEN 5. The minimum
Page 543 and 544:
11.22 CHAPTER ELEVEN If a receiver
Page 545 and 546:
11.24 CHAPTER ELEVEN 11.5 CAPACITY
Page 547 and 548:
11.26 CHAPTER ELEVEN Safety Control
Page 549 and 550:
11.28 CHAPTER ELEVEN FIGURE 11.16 L
Page 551 and 552:
11.30 CHAPTER ELEVEN Refrigeration
Page 553 and 554:
11.32 CHAPTER ELEVEN Performance of
Page 555 and 556:
11.34 CHAPTER ELEVEN 11.7 SYSTEM BA
Page 557 and 558:
11.36 CHAPTER ELEVEN compression ra
Page 559 and 560:
11.38 CHAPTER ELEVEN is superheated
Page 561 and 562:
11.40 CHAPTER ELEVEN in Fig. 11.22,
Page 563 and 564:
11.42 CHAPTER ELEVEN (2048 kPa abs.
Page 565 and 566:
11.44 CHAPTER ELEVEN Scroll Compres
Page 567 and 568:
11.46 CHAPTER ELEVEN Compressor Per
Page 569 and 570:
11.48 CHAPTER ELEVEN System Charact
Page 571 and 572:
11.50 CHAPTER ELEVEN are specified
Page 573 and 574:
11.52 CHAPTER ELEVEN FIGURE 11.29 T
Page 575 and 576:
11.54 CHAPTER ELEVEN Variable Volum
Page 577 and 578:
11.56 CHAPTER ELEVEN REFERENCES ASH
Page 579 and 580:
CHAPTER 12 HEAT PUMPS, HEAT RECOVER
Page 581 and 582:
where h 2� � enthalpy of hot ga
Page 583 and 584:
climates, cold supply air may be re
Page 585 and 586:
FIGURE 12.3 (Continued) HEAT PUMPS,
Page 587 and 588:
Operating Modes System Performance
Page 589 and 590:
load. When the outdoor temperature
Page 591 and 592:
Controls Capacity and Selection HEA
Page 593 and 594:
FIGURE 12.5 A typical groundwater h
Page 595 and 596:
HEAT PUMPS, HEAT RECOVERY, GAS COOL
Page 597 and 598:
A vertical ground coil is buried fr
Page 599 and 600:
Exhaust airstream Runaround Coil Lo
Page 601 and 602:
HEAT PUMPS, HEAT RECOVERY, GAS COOL
Page 603 and 604:
Comparison between Various Air-to-A
Page 605 and 606:
Gas-Engine Chiller Gas Engines HEAT
Page 607 and 608:
When the engine jacket water is rou
Page 609 and 610:
CHAPTER 13 REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: C
Page 611 and 612:
Compressor REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: C
Page 613 and 614:
Purge Unit FIGURE 13.3 Orifice plat
Page 615 and 616:
Types of Centrifugal Chiller match
Page 617 and 618:
For water-cooled centrifugal chille
Page 619 and 620:
FIGURE 13.5 (Continued ) REFRIGERAT
Page 621 and 622:
(5.6 to 6.7°C) in temperature diff
Page 623 and 624:
● The maintenance cost can be red
Page 625 and 626:
FIGURE 13.10 (Continued ) where Q r
Page 627 and 628:
13.6 CAPACITY CONTROL OF CENTRIFUGA
Page 629 and 630:
Comparison between Inlet Vanes and
Page 631 and 632:
Condenser Water Temperature Control
Page 633 and 634:
7. After the oil pressure has been
Page 635 and 636:
The log-mean temperature difference
Page 637 and 638:
Therefore, from Eq. (13.12) the eva
Page 639 and 640:
The actual percentage of design pow
Page 641 and 642:
water enters the condenser T en, c
Page 643 and 644:
Chiller Minimum Performance Design
Page 645 and 646:
REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: CENTRIFUGAL
Page 647 and 648:
14.2 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Historical De
Page 649 and 650:
14.4 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Equilibrium C
Page 651 and 652:
14.6 CHAPTER FOURTEEN If an aqueous
Page 653 and 654:
14.8 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Air Purge Uni
Page 655 and 656:
14.10 CHAPTER FOURTEEN 10 5 20 40 1
Page 657 and 658:
14.12 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Also, Therma
Page 659 and 660:
14.14 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Coefficient
Page 661 and 662:
14.16 CHAPTER FOURTEEN From the psy
Page 663 and 664:
14.18 CHAPTER FOURTEEN bypass recir
Page 665 and 666:
14.20 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Corrosion Co
Page 667 and 668:
14.22 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Actual Perfo
Page 669 and 670:
14.24 CHAPTER FOURTEEN absorber and
Page 671 and 672:
14.26 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Coefficient
Page 673 and 674:
CHAPTER 15 AIR SYSTEMS: COMPONENTS
Page 675 and 676:
FIGURE 15.1 Types of fans: (a) cent
Page 677 and 678:
The fan power input on the fan shaf
Page 679 and 680:
where �p t,s � fan total pressu
Page 681 and 682:
The total pressure developed is AIR
Page 683 and 684:
Forward-Curved Fans AIR SYSTEMS: CO
Page 685 and 686:
AIR SYSTEMS: COMPONENTS—FANS, COI
Page 687 and 688:
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Page 693 and 694:
Inlet Vanes Modulation AIR SYSTEMS:
Page 695 and 696:
Inlet Cone Modulation AIR SYSTEMS:
Page 697 and 698:
the smooth airflow suddenly breaks
Page 699 and 700:
High-Temperature Fans AIR SYSTEMS:
Page 701 and 702:
FIGURE 15.24 Direction of rotation
Page 703 and 704:
octave bands for axial fans are far
Page 705 and 706:
Types of Coils Fins AIR SYSTEMS: CO
Page 707 and 708:
Page 709 and 710:
Contact Conductance AIR SYSTEMS: CO
Page 711 and 712:
Water Circuits Contact conductance
Page 713 and 714:
If the thermal resistance of copper
Page 715 and 716:
Page 717 and 718:
Coil Construction Parameters AIR SY
Page 719 and 720:
And from Eq. (15.34), Assume � f
Page 721 and 722:
Dry Part airstream and water stream
Page 723 and 724:
FIGURE 15.32 Psychrometric analysis
Page 725 and 726:
cooling and dehumidifying capacity
Page 727 and 728:
From Eq. (15.27), Then the outer su
Page 729 and 730:
Coil Cleanliness Drain and Isolatin
Page 731 and 732:
Page 733 and 734:
particles may range from � 1�m
Page 735 and 736:
Page 737 and 738:
15.14 AIR FILTERS Filtration Mechan
Page 739 and 740:
● Most low-efficiency filters hav
Page 741 and 742:
15.15 ELECTRONIC AIR CLEANERS AIR S
Page 743 and 744:
usually decreases the adsorption ca
Page 745 and 746:
FIGURE 15.41 Humidifying load for a
Page 747 and 748:
Heating Element Humidifiers AIR SYS
Page 749 and 750:
Ultrasonic Humidifiers An ultrasoni
Page 751 and 752:
15.21 AIR WASHERS The air washer wa
Page 753 and 754:
Bypass Control For a cooling and de
Page 755 and 756:
industrial manufacturing processes
Page 757 and 758:
REFERENCES AIR SYSTEMS: COMPONENTS
Page 759 and 760:
CHAPTER 16 AIR SYSTEMS: EQUIPMENT
Page 761 and 762:
FIGURE 16.1 Type of air-handling un
Page 763 and 764:
Coils Filters Humidifiers AIR SYSTE
Page 765 and 766:
AIR SYSTEMS: EQUIPMENT—AIR-HANDLI
Page 767 and 768:
15.10, the cooling coil face veloci
Page 769 and 770:
16.11 TABLE 16.2 Volume Flow and Fa
Page 771 and 772:
Page 773 and 774:
Indoor Packaged Units AIR SYSTEMS:
Page 775 and 776:
Reciprocating and scroll compressor
Page 777 and 778:
Minimum Performance 9. Compressor l
Page 779 and 780:
16.21 TABLE 16.4 Supply Fan Perform
Page 781 and 782:
There will be no carryover of conde
Page 783 and 784:
Page 785 and 786:
FIGURE 16.9 Interior core fan room:
Page 787 and 788:
CHAPTER 17 AIR SYSTEMS: AIR DUCT DE
Page 789 and 790:
p� 1 � � 1v 1 2 (17.4) If bot
Page 791 and 792:
Stack Effect where � � air dens
Page 793 and 794:
Velocity Distribution Equation of C
Page 795 and 796:
FIGURE 17.3 Pressure characteristic
Page 797 and 798:
where Psy � each air system total
Page 799 and 800:
Rectangular Ducts AIR SYSTEMS: AIR
Page 801 and 802:
17.15 TABLE 17.2 Rectangular Ferrou
Page 803 and 804:
TABLE 17.4 Round Ferrous Metal Duct
Page 805 and 806:
17.4 DUCT HEAT GAIN, HEAT LOSS, AND
Page 807 and 808:
Temperature Rise Curves If the temp
Page 809 and 810:
In an ideal smooth tube or duct, th
Page 811 and 812:
loss per unit length �p f, in in.
Page 813 and 814:
Circular Equivalents Example 17.1.
Page 815 and 816:
17.29 42 15.6 17.1 18.5 19.9 21.1 2
Page 817 and 818:
For galvanized steel flat oval duct
Page 819 and 820:
AIR SYSTEMS: AIR DUCT DESIGN 17.33
Page 821 and 822:
FIGURE 17.12 Round and flat oval te
Page 823 and 824:
FIGURE 17.14 Openings mounted on a
Page 825 and 826:
FIGURE 17.16 Total pressure loss
Page 827 and 828:
FIGURE 17.17 Combination of flow re
Page 829 and 830:
Fig. 17.19a, are given as and (17.6
Page 831 and 832:
● An optimal duct system layout w
Page 833 and 834:
● From node 1, the total pressure
Page 835 and 836:
TABLE 17.10 Duct Leakage Classifica
Page 837 and 838:
each fire damper. Many regulatory a
Page 839 and 840:
The designer then compares various
Page 841 and 842:
T Method planes 1 and 2, and the vo
Page 843 and 844:
h, or in I-P units For SI units, FI
Page 845 and 846:
When the total pressure loss of the
Page 847 and 848:
TABLE 17.11 Local Loss Coefficients
Page 849 and 850:
Return or Exhaust Duct Systems AIR
Page 851 and 852:
and the sized diameter 0.0147 � 2
Page 853 and 854:
FIGURE 17.25 Rectangular supply duc
Page 855 and 856:
If the height of the rectangular du
Page 857 and 858:
FIGURE 17.28 A return duct system w
Page 859 and 860:
Design Interface AIR SYSTEMS: AIR D
Page 861 and 862:
vacuum used in duct cleaning is oft
Page 863 and 864:
accurate measurement, an inclined m
Page 865 and 866:
AIR SYSTEMS: AIR DUCT DESIGN 17.79
Page 867 and 868:
18.2 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Design Consid
Page 869 and 870:
18.4 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN cooling load
Page 871 and 872:
18.6 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN FIGURE 18.2 F
Page 873 and 874:
18.8 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Confined Air
Page 875 and 876:
18.10 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Free Nonisot
Page 877 and 878:
18.12 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Ceiling Diff
Page 879 and 880:
18.14 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Slot Diffuse
Page 881 and 882:
18.16 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN TABLE 18.1 P
Page 883 and 884:
18.18 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN FIGURE 18.12
Page 885 and 886:
18.20 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 18.4 MIXING
Page 887 and 888:
Page 889 and 890:
Page 891 and 892:
Page 893 and 894:
18.28 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN ● The loca
Page 895 and 896:
18.30 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN ● The aver
Page 897 and 898:
18.32 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN ● Cost. In
Page 899 and 900:
18.34 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN ● A termin
Page 901 and 902:
Page 903 and 904:
18.38 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN The return s
Page 905 and 906:
18.40 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Ventilating
Page 907 and 908:
18.42 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 18.8 STRATIF
Page 909 and 910:
18.44 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 18.9 PROJECT
Page 911 and 912:
18.46 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Target Veloc
Page 913 and 914:
18.48 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Application
Page 915 and 916:
18.50 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Heat Unneutr
Page 917 and 918:
18.52 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN CFD Becomes
Page 919 and 920:
18.54 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Conducting C
Page 921 and 922:
18.56 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Wendes, H.,
Page 923 and 924:
19.2 CHAPTER NINETEEN Sound Paths T
Page 925 and 926:
19.4 CHAPTER NINETEEN 9. Check this
Page 927 and 928:
19.6 CHAPTER NINETEEN Branch ducts
Page 929 and 930:
19.8 CHAPTER NINETEEN TABLE 19.3 So
Page 931 and 932:
19.10 CHAPTER NINETEEN End Reflecti
Page 933 and 934:
19.12 CHAPTER NINETEEN 19.4 SILENCE
Page 935 and 936:
19.14 CHAPTER NINETEEN facing. A so
Page 937 and 938:
19.16 CHAPTER NINETEEN Active Silen
Page 939 and 940:
19.18 CHAPTER NINETEEN Recommendati
Page 941 and 942:
19.20 CHAPTER NINETEEN FIGURE 19.6
Page 943 and 944:
19.22 CHAPTER NINETEEN TABLE 19.11
Page 945 and 946:
19.24 CHAPTER NINETEEN Array of Cei
Page 947 and 948:
19.26 CHAPTER NINETEEN Environmenta
Page 949 and 950:
19.28 CHAPTER NINETEEN Octave band
Page 951 and 952:
19.30 CHAPTER NINETEEN Sound Source
Page 953 and 954:
19.32 CHAPTER NINETEEN Structure-Bo
Page 955 and 956:
CHAPTER 20 AIR SYSTEMS: BASICS AND
Page 957 and 958:
Air Distribution Systems Ventilatio
Page 959 and 960:
20.2 BUILDING LEAKAGE AREA AND BUIL
Page 961 and 962:
20.3 SPACE PRESSURIZATION Space Pre
Page 963 and 964:
doors and windows are closed. When
Page 965 and 966:
Wind speed from a meteorological st
Page 967 and 968:
In Eq. (20.8), m˙ inf indicates th
Page 969 and 970:
System Operating Point FIGURE 20.4
Page 971 and 972:
20.6 SYSTEM EFFECT ● Condition 1.
Page 973 and 974:
Inlet System Effect Loss fan inlet
Page 975 and 976:
FIGURE 20.7 Outlet system effect: (
Page 977 and 978:
For a SWSI centrifugal fan with A b
Page 979 and 980:
Two Fan-Duct Systems Connected in S
Page 981 and 982:
volume flow and fan total pressure.
Page 983 and 984:
FIGURE 20.12 Two parallel fan-duct
Page 985 and 986:
Similarly, the residual pressure of
Page 987 and 988:
Modulation of Fan-Duct Systems AIR
Page 989 and 990:
FIGURE 20.14 (Continued) AIR SYSTEM
Page 991 and 992:
Plot the fan performance curve Ft a
Page 993 and 994:
20.9 CLASSIFICATION OF AIR SYSTEMS
Page 995 and 996:
To save energy, most AHU and PU man
Page 997 and 998:
where ws,wr � humidity ratio at t
Page 999 and 1000:
exchanger is called the sensible co
Page 1001 and 1002:
compressed air, or ultrasonic force
Page 1003 and 1004:
AIR SYSTEMS: BASICS AND CONSTANT-VO
Page 1005 and 1006:
FIGURE 20.21 Adiabatic mixing and b
Page 1007 and 1008:
and the heating coil load is 20.16
Page 1009 and 1010:
Cooling mode operation in summer co
Page 1011 and 1012:
ecirculating air m is usually lower
Page 1013 and 1014:
● Outdoor damper activates with s
Page 1015 and 1016:
3. To provide a desirable air veloc
Page 1017 and 1018:
Air Conditioning Rules Graphical Me
Page 1019 and 1020:
FIGURE 20.25 Effect of sensible hea
Page 1021 and 1022:
2. Because the air temperature at t
Page 1023 and 1024:
At a temperature of 72°F (22.2°C)
Page 1025 and 1026:
Because w m � w s, Therefore, Fro
Page 1027 and 1028:
Part-Load Operation 7. Draw a verti
Page 1029 and 1030:
Reheating is a simple and effective
Page 1031 and 1032:
Operating Parameters and Calculatio
Page 1033 and 1034:
REFERENCES AIR SYSTEMS: BASICS AND
Page 1035 and 1036:
21.2 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE 21.1 SYSTEM
Page 1037 and 1038:
FIGURE 21.1 A single-zone VAV syste
Page 1039 and 1040:
21.6 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE FIGURE 21.2
Page 1041 and 1042:
21.8 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Region IV:
Page 1043 and 1044:
21.10 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE dry-bulb e
Page 1045 and 1046:
21.12 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Consider a
Page 1047 and 1048:
21.14 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE ● The ou
Page 1049 and 1050:
21.16 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE outdoor ve
Page 1051 and 1052:
21.18 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE 7. When T
Page 1053 and 1054:
21.20 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE VAV Reheat
Page 1055 and 1056:
21.22 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE FIGURE 21.
Page 1057 and 1058:
21.24 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE FIGURE 21.
Page 1059 and 1060:
21.26 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE In dead-ba
Page 1061 and 1062:
21.28 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE For the pe
Page 1063 and 1064:
21.30 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE calculated
Page 1065 and 1066:
21.32 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE For the wi
Page 1067 and 1068:
21.34
Page 1069 and 1070:
21.36 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Number of
Page 1071 and 1072:
21.38 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Mixing Mod
Page 1073 and 1074:
21.40 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE ● Modula
Page 1075 and 1076:
21.42 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE where Q rs
Page 1077 and 1078:
21.44 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE From Eq. (
Page 1079 and 1080:
FIGURE 21.13 (Continued) 21.46
Page 1081 and 1082:
21.48 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Fan-Powere
Page 1083 and 1084:
21.50 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE The drawba
Page 1085 and 1086:
21.52 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Zone Contr
Page 1087 and 1088:
21.54 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Percentage
Page 1089 and 1090:
21.56 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE ● During
Page 1091 and 1092:
21.58 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Wendes, H.
Page 1093 and 1094:
22.2 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO 22.1 RETURN
Page 1095 and 1096:
22.4 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO 22.2 FAN CO
Page 1097 and 1098:
22.6 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Recirculati
Page 1099 and 1100:
22.8 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO flow rate o
Page 1101 and 1102:
22.10 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO FIGURE 22.
Page 1103 and 1104:
22.12 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO The system
Page 1105 and 1106:
22.14 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO to balance
Page 1107 and 1108:
22.16 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO The fixed
Page 1109 and 1110:
22.18 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO air is ext
Page 1111 and 1112:
22.20 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Air Econom
Page 1113 and 1114:
22.22 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO (2) The re
Page 1115 and 1116:
Page 1117 and 1118:
Page 1119 and 1120:
22.28 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO ● The as
Page 1121 and 1122:
Page 1123 and 1124:
22.32 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Design Con
Page 1125 and 1126:
22.34 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO �a � a
Page 1127 and 1128:
22.36 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO The pressu
Page 1129 and 1130:
22.38 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO REFERENCES
Page 1131 and 1132:
CHAPTER 23 AIR SYSTEMS: MINIMUM VEN
Page 1133 and 1134:
ASHRAE Standard 62-1999 control, a
Page 1135 and 1136:
The system outdoor air volume flow
Page 1137 and 1138:
CO 2 Sensor or Mixed-Gases Sensor L
Page 1139 and 1140:
supplied to a control zone in a VAV
Page 1141 and 1142:
Economizer damper Exhaust damper Mi
Page 1143 and 1144:
AIR SYSTEMS: MINIMUM VENTILATION AN
Page 1145 and 1146:
● The maximum supply volume flow
Page 1147 and 1148:
where m˙ ex,r, m˙ eu � mass flo
Page 1149 and 1150:
System Description AIR SYSTEMS: MIN
Page 1151 and 1152:
Page 1153 and 1154:
● It lowers the duct heat gain or
Page 1155 and 1156:
Page 1157 and 1158:
Steam Humidifier Control Dew Point
Page 1159 and 1160:
consumption than proportional contr
Page 1161 and 1162:
Page 1163 and 1164:
Page 1165 and 1166:
REFERENCES AIR SYSTEMS: MINIMUM VEN
Page 1167 and 1168:
24.1 IAQ PROBLEMS CHAPTER 24 IMPROV
Page 1169 and 1170:
air economizer cycle and mixed air
Page 1171 and 1172:
Sundell (1996) noted that many stud
Page 1173 and 1174:
Service Life of Air Filters Filter
Page 1175 and 1176:
● To eliminate or to reduce indoo
Page 1177 and 1178:
Chemisorption Fig. 24.1, the sharp
Page 1179 and 1180:
and final filter in air systems wit
Page 1181 and 1182:
REFERENCES IMPROVING INDOOR AIR QUA
Page 1183 and 1184:
25.2 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE energy res
Page 1185 and 1186:
25.4 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Mitigating
Page 1187 and 1188:
25.6 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Energy Aud
Page 1189 and 1190:
25.8 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Green Buil
Page 1191 and 1192:
25.10 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Energy St
Page 1193 and 1194:
25.12 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE 25.5 CASE
Page 1195 and 1196:
25.14 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE For both
Page 1197 and 1198:
25.16 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Unit elec
Page 1199 and 1200:
25.18 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Physical
Page 1201 and 1202:
25.20 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE condensin
Page 1203 and 1204:
25.22 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Condenser
Page 1205 and 1206:
25.24 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE The polyn
Page 1207 and 1208:
25.26 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Loads Sys
Page 1209 and 1210:
25.28 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE ● Recip
Page 1211 and 1212:
25.30 CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Scientifi
Page 1213 and 1214:
26.2 CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX The purpose
Page 1215 and 1216:
26.4 CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX requiring l
Page 1217 and 1218:
26.6 CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX the nutriti
Page 1219 and 1220:
26.8 CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX Space Limit
Page 1221 and 1222:
26.10 CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX and throug
Page 1223 and 1224:
26.12 CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX Controls F
Page 1225 and 1226:
26.14 CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX Exterior l
Page 1227 and 1228:
26.16 CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX Harold, R.
Page 1229 and 1230:
27.2 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN condition
Page 1231 and 1232:
27.4 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN 2. Water-
Page 1233 and 1234:
27.6 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN TABLE 27.
Page 1235 and 1236:
27.8 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN FIGURE 27
Page 1237 and 1238:
27.10 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN Effectiv
Page 1239 and 1240:
27.12 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN consumpt
Page 1241 and 1242:
50 50 13.0 27.14 40 40 60 60 50 50
Page 1243 and 1244:
27.16 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN Assume t
Page 1245 and 1246:
27.18 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN System C
Page 1247 and 1248:
27.20 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN If the e
Page 1249 and 1250:
27.22 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN coil and
Page 1251 and 1252:
27.24 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN warm and
Page 1253 and 1254:
27.26 CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN REFERENC
Page 1255 and 1256:
CHAPTER 28 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
Page 1257 and 1258:
Induction Systems annoying. A recei
Page 1259 and 1260:
Fan-Coil Units AIR CONDITIONING SYS
Page 1261 and 1262:
Volume Flow Rate Fan Motor. Permane
Page 1263 and 1264:
Heating Capacity If the sensible he
Page 1265 and 1266:
where � ps � air density of out
Page 1267 and 1268:
Part-Load Operation At cooling mode
Page 1269 and 1270:
TABLE 28.1 System Characteristics o
Page 1271 and 1272:
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS: SPACE CON
Page 1273 and 1274:
where w s � humidity ratio of fan
Page 1275 and 1276:
In a typical nonchangeover two-pipe
Page 1277 and 1278:
For all the rooms in the perimeter
Page 1279 and 1280:
Loop Temperatures AIR CONDITIONING
Page 1281 and 1282:
leaving condition of 60°F (15.6°C
Page 1283 and 1284:
Water Heater Storage Tanks heat pum
Page 1285 and 1286:
System Characteristics starts the f
Page 1287 and 1288:
● If ceiling units are used, good
Page 1289 and 1290:
Page 1291 and 1292:
Applications AC SYSTEMS: PACKAGED A
Page 1293 and 1294:
Controls Energy Use Intensities Sys
Page 1295 and 1296:
29.3 SINGLE-ZONE VAV PACKAGED SYSTE
Page 1297 and 1298:
d. That is capable of being set bac
Page 1299 and 1300:
volume flow rate when the total pre
Page 1301 and 1302:
FIGURE 29.2 A VAV reheat packaged s
Page 1303 and 1304:
liquid slugging. Liquid slugging ma
Page 1305 and 1306:
A VAV packaged system is shut off d
Page 1307 and 1308:
more widely used. Fan-powered VAV p
Page 1309 and 1310:
AC SYSTEMS: PACKAGED AND DESICCANT-
Page 1311 and 1312:
AC SYSTEMS: PACKAGED AND DESICCANT-
Page 1313 and 1314:
FIGURE 29.4 A desiccant-based air c
Page 1315 and 1316:
As defined in Sec. 3.4, a sorption
Page 1317 and 1318:
flow rate of the mixture of the pro
Page 1319 and 1320:
Part-Load Operation and Controls Wh
Page 1321 and 1322:
System Description AC SYSTEMS: PACK
Page 1323 and 1324:
System Characteristics REFERENCES A
Page 1325 and 1326:
Page 1327 and 1328:
● Special process temperature and
Page 1329 and 1330:
Air and Water Temperature Different
Page 1331 and 1332:
of a VAV system using inlet vane mo
Page 1333 and 1334:
System Characterisics System charac
Page 1335 and 1336:
System Characteristics the supply a
Page 1337 and 1338:
System Characteristics AC SYSTEMS:
Page 1339 and 1340:
FIGURE 30.1 A clean-room system for
Page 1341 and 1342:
Manufacturing an integrated circuit
Page 1343 and 1344:
Summer Mode Operation Room temperat
Page 1345 and 1346:
System Pressure AC SYSTEMS: CENTRAL
Page 1347 and 1348:
FIGURE 30.2 (Continued) Effect of F
Page 1349 and 1350:
AC SYSTEMS: CENTRAL SYSTEMS AND CLE
Page 1351 and 1352:
31.2 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE mechanical
Page 1353 and 1354:
31.4 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE Refrigerati
Page 1355 and 1356:
31.6 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE 31.2 ICE-ON
Page 1357 and 1358:
31.8 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE FIGURE 31.3
Page 1359 and 1360:
31.10 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE TABLE 31.1
Page 1361 and 1362:
31.12 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE Water leve
Page 1363 and 1364:
31.14 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE Location o
Page 1365 and 1366:
31.16 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE FIGURE 31.
Page 1367 and 1368:
31.18 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE In additio
Page 1369 and 1370:
31.20 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE Temperatur
Page 1371 and 1372:
31.22 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE volume flo
Page 1373 and 1374:
31.24 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE Storage co
Page 1375 and 1376:
31.26 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE Charging P
Page 1377 and 1378:
31.28 CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE System Per
Page 1379 and 1380:
CHAPTER 32 COMMISSIONING AND MAINTE
Page 1381 and 1382:
● Clarifly owner priorities and d
Page 1383 and 1384:
intent. The CC also makes sure that
Page 1385 and 1386:
APPENDIX A NOMENCLATURE AND ABBREVI
Page 1387 and 1388:
I DN i m I a I rad I ref I t solar
Page 1389 and 1390:
SC shadding coefficient Sc Schmidt
Page 1391 and 1392:
2g second-stage generator go satura
Page 1393 and 1394:
� relative humidity, percent; sol
Page 1395 and 1396:
APPENDIX B PSYCHROMETRIC CHART, TAB
Page 1397 and 1398:
B.3 TABLE B.1 Thermodynamic Propert
Page 1399 and 1400:
TABLE B.2 Physical Properties of Ai
Page 1401:
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART, TABLES OF PROP
show all

Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration / Shan K

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?