Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration / Shan K

7.16 CHAPTER SEVEN
Insulation exposed to weather shall be suitable for outdoor service, such as, protected by aluminum,
sheet metal, painted canvas, or plastic cover. Cellular foam insulation shall be protected as
above or with a painted coating which itself is a water retardant and also provides shielding from
solar radiation.
Insulation of chilled water piping or refrigerant suction piping shall include an exterior vapor retardant
covering the insulation (unless the insulation is inherently vapor retardant). All penetrations
and joints of the vapor retardant shall be sealed.
7.3 VALVES, PIPE FITTINGS, AND ACCESSORIES
Types of Valve
Valves are used to regulate or stop the water flow in pipes either manually or by means of automatic
control systems. Valves used in automatic control systems are called control valves, discussed in
Chap. 5. In this section, only manually operated valves, or simply valves, are discussed.
Hand-operated valves are used to stop or isolate flow, to regulate flow, to prevent reverse flow,
and to regulate water pressure. The basic construction of a valve consists of the following (see
Fig. 7.6): a disk to open or close the water flow; a valve body to seat the disk and provide the
flow passage; a stem to lift or rotate the disk, with a handwheel or a handle and corresponding
mechanism to make the task easier; and a bonnet to enclose the valve from the top.
Based on the shape of the valve disk, the valve body, or its function, commonly used valves can
be classified into the following types:
Gate Valves. The disk of a gate valve is in the shape of a “gate” or wedge, as shown in Fig. 7.6a.
When the wedge is raised at the open position, a gate valve does not add much flow resistance. The
wedge can be either a solid wedge, which is most commonly used, or a split wedge, in which two
disk halves being forced outward fit tightly against the body seat. Gate valves are used either fully
opened or closed, an on/off arrangement. They are often used as isolating valves for pieces of
equipment or key components, such as control valves, for service during maintenance and repair.
Globe Valves. They are so named because of the globular shape of the valve body, as shown in
Fig. 7.6b. Globe valves have a round disk or plug-type disk seated against a round port. Water flow
enters under the disk. Globe valves have high flow resistances. They can be opened or closed
FIGURE 7.6 Types of valves. (a) Gate valve; (b) Globe valve; (c) Check valve, swing check.