Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration / Shan K

CHAPTER 11
REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS:
RECIPROCATING, ROTARY,
SCROLL, AND SCREW
11.1 RECIPROCATING REFRIGERATION
SYSTEMS 11.2
Types of Reciprocating Refrigeration
Systems 11.2
Real Cycle of a Single-Stage
Reciprocating Refrigeration System 11.4
11.2 RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSORS 11.5
11.3 RECIPROCATING REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND
ACCESSORIES 11.5
Compressor Components and
Lubrication 11.5
Accessories 11.8
Service Valves 11.11
11.4 REFRIGERANT PIPING 11.12
Copper Tubing 11.12
Piping Design for Reciprocating
Refrigeration Systems 11.13
Size of Copper Tube, Refrigeration Load,
and Pressure Drop 11.14
Sizing Procedure 11.14
Suction Line 11.15
Discharge Line (Hot-Gas Line) 11.20
Liquid Line 11.21
11.5 CAPACITY AND SAFETY
CONTROLS 11.24
Capacity Control 11.24
Safety Controls 11.26
11.6 PERFORMANCE OF RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSOR, EVAPORATOR, AND
CONDENSER 11.29
Performance of Reciprocating
Compressor 11.29
Performance of Evaporator 11.32
Performance of Condenser 11.33
11.7 SYSTEM BALANCE 11.34
Balance of Capacities of Selected
Components 11.35
11.8 OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF
AIR-COOLED, DIRECT-EXPANSION
RECIPROCATING REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM 11.36
Operating Balance at Design
Condition 11.36
Pressure Characteristics 11.37
Part-Load Operation Using a Cylinder
Unloader 11.38
Pump-Down Control 11.39
Main Problems in Direct-Expansion
Reciprocating Refrigeration
Systems 11.40
Minimum Performance and Equipment
Selection 11.42
11.9 ROTARY REFRIGERATION
SYSTEMS 11.42
Rotary Compressor 11.42
Main Components 11.43
System Performance 11.43
11.10 SCROLL REFRIGERATION
SYSTEMS 11.43
Types of Scroll Refrigeration
Systems 11.43
Scroll Compressors 11.44
Radial and Axial Compliance 11.44
Compressor Performance 11.46
Concentration Shift and
Temperature Glide 11.46
Circulating Concentration Shift and Its
Effects on Performance 11.46
Heat Exchanger Flow Configuration
11.47
Capacity Control and Part-Load
Performance 11.47
System Characteristics 11.48
Scroll Chillers 11.48
11.11 SCREW REFRIGERATION
SYSTEMS 11.50
Types of Screw Refrigeration
System 11.50
Screw Compressors 11.50
Performance of Twin-Screw
Compressor 11.52
Oil Cooling 11.53
Capacity Control 11.53
Variable Volume Ratio 11.54
Economizer 11.54
Controls 11.54
Minimum Performance 11.54
Air-Cooled Screw Chillers 11.55
REFERENCES 11.56
11.1