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spread cultural activities that lasted in the shtetl
from 1918 to 1919, the year when Poland annexed
our area.
Austrians Leave; Russians Arrive
Only vague echoes of the Russian Revolution,
reached our town, or of the possibility of peace,
the Balfour Declarationand about what generally
was going on in the world. It was no wonder,
then, that the sudden departure of the Austrian-
German authorities came as a complete surprise
to us. More surprising was the entry of the Polish
cavalry after a week of complete chaos, with no
government except for local militia formed after
the Austrians had left.
How well I remember the early morning hours,
when rumors spread through town that the government
administration, police, and quartermaster
corps in charge of supplies all had left town in
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THE EARLY DAYS 79
3
Needy townspeople wait near the public kitchen (Folks Kich) for a warm meal. The kitchen was
located in the house of Motl Yisroel Sonyes in 1917.
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AfOr
.411
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Hershl Chasid, a Chalutz
(pioneer) from the
enlightened town youth.
a great hurry, abandoning town in the middle of
the night and heading west.
Those who were quick-witted among us ran
to the homes and the offices of the Austrian