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398 (Y"Y) 10711 11n733 ri4nDi -or ,(At06omAL) 77?t,117 cInna 1939 117 .3 in= n"p 15 ,c-ronaar 1,rn 1n5,nn »73 /1 3IVN rt - -1372 0P3 n710'7 C1,1313 O'1171,1 ,14;1 Mina I7on 77;371 15573 ; ;11Wrt; 161 min .1380 en7 PIDM i (r-r) conti-tn)crq rrror:', pprri`, 03 %Da nirrr-rn3T cr KIM ,1771 IX 161 min tilo '73 ran,: OID r"r) trilum .1"3;r3 mtn .(650-649 '71; n`ni prnv rtDipn ;in= c,31-zn1 "7 ,;3-vz (r"r) rpz rivo ,(yr) p'7iD 3pr, -ra cnizx ii rrn nrpna .1,`73)`m ('in) 'no "1"3 ;1'571 nctl3n1 7i '7 nn,m 18n minnnrina tw-nn, .15;-n$rj inTia 755,7) 3,297 - 1897 ,t ',VI, 2,130 ''73 1,;1 18473 rlz,:m1Tfl .(93%3) 3,807 - 193131 (''in '7inn -rm31 ,13,31 0,711, 0,t,On '53 11Din1 (1941 'ir) '1V11 23 '7,nrIrirr .naumn .10,000'7 CID= 17,v1 1942 13?O .172,X 1503 pi *en: ,t3,22, rirzr 1.:4331 1942 1alop'90 rvorlD ylt 1:17)1 21,17,1' 1112Cen "1 ,ixn,-;717o .x 1934 .(4 .3"V7371 114D1Irt7177) 'MIN, rx taytm n-wn .13-1173, .nnon ,roynx 17311 "an cp:n ,r,no5,n 11D) 1944-1939 ,1", K,11 n" T,3VP-r11V311,K .1959 ,(IV ,131: ITNYtta .p .K Encyclopedia Ivrit, vol. 21, col. 284. .3,x371 o'13371 rItt ,7311 'now, nn VV lT nn,w17 "7137"1" "D, 1K11) ,7,p1317- 107' ;rn nn noon n,33 7xnrip-r1x3 2lnx7po -77:7 ,3 yrr, .norixn rol:T'I 1'KM Or Inx mnina mpn.. ,x7pnn (rnri onz Trn3 Ibon 17r13n inn nox7) nrilop 7D- prt,n,n Ina .pintmex rrra rim nwx5 KV3 K1'137t) Wynn: 17'7 .13'7VV91 (o1rw7 rivm) iton7yox rivin .711,173 nnatri ;it% by rrinunnw ,n,o17 rrn onwi n3 71-771: nni:nn MID1 '72011,110 xr inwxn 11D3 K711/1) nox7 Jinn non-13',rx3 on:bwn rrm7 V1 fl3 .irrtn ral, rorqn n71rI în'ryb no,rn nnsn 3"ntri .psi7 1,17: n71,73 En) nnboa .rennoini LUBOML (37a1y3,'7) `77:kt17 ,-nlYnturyanx..1 t:70 "11K .11177D-1'2';n on'7 ox), .7byt.n: x 7; ly onyny: tak;n P17 11T31, na rn'rrip rtzr-r" 1 1lD y,X7nuo,r7znx ,-7 '77:x317 int 31 1711Y rR .rra nyn p1 '7x1, 101X: 1,n Int tT,(rprphRpona .',73 ,n) n" 1W ,7247 '1 (1600 1' rx) 1:-"alia "rD "..p1r1 roou5y1 /ID y.1"K nxo DaDyny: t oxii) 77:7
LIIBODEL : Town in the government of Volhynia. Russia. Jews lived there as early as the sixteenth century, though the attitude of the Christian inhabitants toward them was distinctly hostile. In 1557 the Jewish community resolved that none of itS members should buy property within the city, for there was danger of its being attacked or set on tire by the Christian inhabitants. In 1576 this decision was reaffirmed by the leaders of the community with the indorsement of R. Abraham Polyak. Those who had violated this rule were warned to sell their propefty to Christians, under penalty of a tine or of some other punishment. Outside the town the Jews owned eight parcels of land; some of them leased grist.mills, and others leased three lakes, paying for their leases in money, pepper, saffron, and salt fish to the total value of about 400 gold ducats. The population of Luboml in 1807 was 4,600, of whom 3,300 were Jews. It has 349 Jewish artisans and 52 Jewish day-laborers. The seventeen hadarim give instruction to 370 pupils, and 60 are instructed in the Talmud Torah (1898). BIBLIOGRAPHY : Katz, Le-gorot lta-Ychudim. D. 7. Berlin, 1S1/9; Rege..13ty t Nadpisi, 1. all, St. Petersburg, 1899. B. It. S. J. The Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. VII p. 203, New- York and London, Funk and Wagnalls Company. 1904. Encyclopedia Judaica, Berlin: Eshkol, vol. X, cols. 1171-1173. LUBOML, Rezirksstadt in der Vv'oiwodschaft Wolhynien in Polen. Juden Iebten hier schon APPENDIXES 399 irn J. i 516. Unter Konig, Sigismund August erlangten sie im J. 1557 ein Privileg, das sic von jeder anderen Cericlusbarken auBer der wonvodischen befreite und ihnen zugleich das Appel,; lattonsrecht beim König sicherte. Im J. 1564 entrichteten die Tilden 4o Gulden an Abgaben. König Michael Wini-owiecki bestatigte im J. 1671 alle Privilegien der Ler Judensehaft. Anfang des 18. Jhts. betrugen die Schulden des Kahals an den Chelmer Pijarenorden II 000 Gulden. Die Kopfstetuer machte im Jahre 1721 833 Gulden aus. Infolge der Feuersbrunst im J. 1729 wurde die Kopfsteuer auf 544 Gulden herabgesetzt. Wiihrend des Stempelns jiid. Bücher im J. 1776 legten to5 Personen in der Stadt 1200 Bilcher vor. In den 8o-er Jahren des 19. Jhts. zdhlte L. 2064 Einwohner. darunter 66 0/0 Juden. 1921 lebten hier 314f Juclen (3328 Einwaner); im Bezirk waren 5604 Judea (Gesaintbevolkerung: 56264), Die gemauerte, noch heute (1933) bestehende Synagoge aus. dem 16. Jht. gehi-irt zum Typus der Festungssynagogen, die in den östlichen Gebieten Polens 711 Verteidigungszwecken dienten (Abb., Bd. IH, So. 231132). Akty Wilenskof komisji XXVI; Bersahn, Dyplo. matarjusz, Nr. 291, 93, 67; I frierr.bows ki, Matricularurn etc. V, Nr. 2313, 3223; Lustrationen, Abt. 46, Nr. 114, 127; ,llemoriale an die Finanzkommission (Warsch. Finanzarch.); Statystyka Polski XXIII; Dispartimenten d .jad. Kopfsteuer (Worsen. Hauptarch.) ; Skrarowid:, s. v. w. E. R. Rabbiner. Der erste bekannte Rabbiner in L. war R. Zebi Hirsch, der um 1575 dort wirkte. Seine Nachfolger waren: R. Abraham b. Jakob Pollak (urn 1587), Schwiegersohn des R. Isaak b. BezaIel aus \Vladimir; R. Mose b. Abraham Mat (seit 1597), spdter in Przemysl und Opatow; R. Simeon Wolf b. David Tewel Auerbach (später in Lublin, Przemygl, Posen, Wien und Prag); R. Joel Serkes (s. d.); R. Mose (gest. 1617); R. Gedalja b. Meir, Lublin (1618 bis 1647); R. Mose b. Isaak, Schwiegersohn des R. Samuel Edels (bis 1653; spdter in Lublin); R. Elieser b. Menachern Margulies (um 1667); R. Jakob b. Mordechai (1674-1680); R. jona b. Hillel ha-Levi; R. Elieser Leser (um 1710), angefiihrt in Mezudat Dawid" von seinem Enkel R. David b. Mose (Altona 1736); R. Issachar Bär b. Meir aus Lublin (seit 1722); R. Josef b. Israel (ca. 1741-1757); R. Israel Jona Landau (um 1800); R. Mose Chajim (gest. 1868); R. Jehuda Arje Finkelstein (Ende des 19. und Anfang des 20. Jhts.). Gans, Zemach David (J. 5333); Flinn, Kirja Neernana 171; Friedberg, LuChot Sikkaro4 9, idem. Bene Landau le-Mischpechoram; j. "Volleys
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...\* t 4 0-4. 14;51L- 4,sts,- * c4
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ovs.4 LAO c ST. f.rx to, r POST 0.
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Previous pages: The Great Synagogue
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11. o. o , _J Jr- ,a0 _ A -;-.
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Foreword to the English Translation
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FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL YIZ
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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THE EARLY DAYS THE HISTORY OF LUBOM
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egion, robbing, plundering, and mur
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More striking is the comparison wit
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il'7t*/ l'53'Iti,1 1,1" 3, trnn,,$3
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for other local revenue. In 1611, a
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history was connected with the regi
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(May 5, 1626), he set the following
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A craftsman may not keep an apprent
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agree, he shall be punished as the
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Maidansky" and Ben-Tsiyon Datil." T
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Natanson "for making a mistake and
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Torah. At the end of his life, he m
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answer is more complicated than for
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than in any of his previous or late
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placed by the Jews of those times u
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three rabbis from Amsterdam turned
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Lubomla (1617). As usual, there fol
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Betsalel son of R. Shloyme of Kobri
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against a rival. He signs: "Declare
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and had a pleasant, modern appearan
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1 Slovnik Geografitshny Polsky. 2 D
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written that Reb Gedaliah died in 5
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earth to a great thickness on all s
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ments from the Temple [in Jerusalem
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to their villages singing hoarsely
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THE EARLY DAYS else in a store or a
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the end of Friday evening services
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Forward-looking and enlightened par
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pedestrians. It was filled with the
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synagogue, perplexed as to why they
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these bands, though the town itself
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Epshteyn, who later was replaced by
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The whole district of Libivne had,
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Lyuba Shames-Vishnits, Yehudit Tsur
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I. tr. Members of HeChalutz, 1931.
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Jewish youth were living with a gre
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WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH By Yi
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ullet hadn 't even touched him. Und
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certain extent, even into areas aro
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spread cultural activities that las
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Kochba, which ran for quite some ti
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drim.....10.0010111100.1111111101.1
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Among these youths was a studentsti
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ish residents in captured territori
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pair of horses we'd had since the G
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Hebrew Teachers Come to Our Town As
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In my day there were three rabbis i
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A JEWISH POSTAGE STAMP Luboml-Libiv
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THE ANCIENT LEDGER THAT WENT ASTRAY
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LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
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years old. Those trees were cared f
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of worship took upon themselves the
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LUBOML'S ECONOMIC SITUATION UP TO 1
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eal shoes walked barefoot until the
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My hometown Libivne [Luboml], is lo
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There was a Jew, Shamele Protsentni
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I came originally from Volkovisk. S
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Of all the holidays observed in our
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orchard. We often became involved i
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THE JEWS OF THE VILLAGE OF STAVKE B
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JEWISH DAUGHTER
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One of the most important instituti
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FROM DAILY LIFE 143 fir://,6- -A /)
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THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE By Yakov Hetman
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, .t. ,L., -I F.: FROM DAILY LIFE 1
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THE SYNAGOGUES AND CHASIDIM IN OUR
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The Bet HaMidrash also served as a
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interpret it all by myself. He was
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Three other houses of worship were
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SABBATH EVE IN THE SHTETL By Yitsha
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go into the rebbe's room one by one
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Whenever I reminisce about my homet
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In describing the daily life of our
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leading to the bath itself closed a
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from 150 pounds down to 100 in orde
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When the two men came to fix the wi
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1.-yr} ,.7)15r1 1.6 ',"f)') . :.1"1
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Judging him by his character, we ca
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The story of the rescue of Luboml's
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Dovid Veytsfrucht (London) was know
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then was up in years, though strict
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R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan R. MOYSHE Y
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Moyshe Fuks, Yitshak Leyb Blumen, L
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°- issue, my older brother Motl, t
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The mill and the electricity-produc
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The whole time I was in America I a
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IIinseauin a short peasant jacket m
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He was also a member of the Chevra
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son, Asher, would always come to hi
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made sheepskin winter hats called k
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E.- The scroll of Esther %IN/1311v
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CHARACTERS AND PERSONALITIES 201 Ra
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SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
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EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN LUBOML 191
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IMPORTANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES By Ye
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THE HEBREW HOME OF YAKOV BLUMEN By
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sleep and only the youth went outsi
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one side and go out on the other si
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forbade refugees in areas less than
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THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES By Yisroel L
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After that I saw many instances whe
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AS REFUGEES IN LUBOML By Rochl Melt
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OIL PRODUCTION IN THE GHETTO By Nat
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several other Jewish young men were
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THE JOURNEY FROM SPIRITUAL DESTRUCT
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Everyone joined in the hunt after t
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THE ANNIHILATION CHRONOLOGY OF DEST
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the brick factory stood and where f
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day we were still 12; todayonly one
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y the German police. Many children,
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their shovels. If they did not, the
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us, and every time we went to work
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Jews have already been taken." But
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The first Jewish victim in Libivne
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DURING THE HORRIBLE DAYS By Yakov E
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I SAW THIS WITH MY OWN EYES By Mash
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PRESS ARTICLES ABOUT THE KOVALCHUK
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From the Tog-Morgn Zhurnal, Wednesd
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attempting to appear to the Philade
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half-hour. Suddenly, an SS man with
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Shtreichera cousin to the one menti
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killed there. In spite of the dange
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FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET EZEKIE
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her two children, another of his co
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woods. Here they built bunkers in w
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RESCUED FROM THE BIG FIRE By Rochl
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Passover came and a new exterminati
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Moscowa doctor, a prosecutor and tw
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Kampyoni, who had a good relationsh
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pieces of gold with me, and he exch
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coffee house with strange men. Afte
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As soon as the Russian army left, w
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ON A UKRAINIAN PASSPORT By Shmuel a
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milk and asked me what I wanted. I
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IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH By Chaike Ko
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long as I live, I will never forget
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to him longer than with the Grimatl
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A PRISONER OF WAR WITH THE GERMANS
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The schedule was the same as in the
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On our way, we decided to split int
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NEVER SAYZOG NISHT KEINMOL!!! Parti
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IN THE GHETTO, IN THE FOREST, AND W
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AS A POLE WITH THE PARTISANS By Jos
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waited a few hours, but the Judenra
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The Germans entered Libivne in 1939
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Mendl Zilberman as a Polish soldier
Page 371 and 372: CHAYIM ROZENBLIT: PARTISAN AND SOLD
Page 373 and 374: Like all other Jewish shtetls, Libi
Page 375 and 376: My sister Freyde, the daughter of L
Page 377 and 378: Nachman Weissman (z"1.) as a soldie
Page 379 and 380: FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE By Yisroel
Page 381 and 382: THE PARENTS WHO DID NOT MAKE IT By
Page 383 and 384: THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BENEVOLENT SO
Page 385 and 386: THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
Page 387 and 388: LIBIVNER JEWS IN ARGENTINA By Zelik
Page 391 and 392: THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE
Page 397 and 398: MEMORIAL PRAYER IN MEMORY OF THE HO
Page 399 and 400: THESE ARE THE NAMES OF ALL THE HOLY
Page 401 and 402: Dimetshteyn Avrom; wife; children D
Page 403 and 404: Frimerman Moyshe; wife, Sosl; child
Page 405 and 406: Hak Binyomen; wife; children Ben-Ts
Page 407 and 408: Krelin Meyer-Chayim; wife; children
Page 409 and 410: Avrom; wife; children Pinye (Tchode
Page 411 and 412: Privner Motl; wife, Chaye; son, Eli
Page 413 and 414: Yehuda Moyshe-Yoyne; wife, Roze; so
Page 415 and 416: Tsvirn Chayim; wife, Malke; son, Sh
Page 417 and 418: Zhelaznik Beyle (from Dubenko) Zieg
Page 419: THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
Page 424 and 425: 400 Luboml, Lubomla, mko rzad., pow
Page 426 and 427: Warm, Vibrant Shtetl Life on the Br
Page 428 and 429: A Return to LubomlAnd Dark, Distant
Page 430 and 431: 406 happened, where history explode
Page 432 and 433: Oct. 1, 1993 The Sheltering Sky How
Page 434 and 435: April 14, 1995 In 1938 Esther Ziege
Page 436 and 437: 412 also served as a Guest Curator
Page 438 and 439: 414 Luboml's embrace is expansive.
Page 440 and 441: The Road to Luboml A Writer Retrace
Page 442 and 443: 418 A local official listens, refus
Page 444 and 445: 420 LUBOML and shrieks: "Don't take
Page 446 and 447: 422 her home to see her icons. "She
Page 448 and 449: 424 Mr. Dzei has amassed a formidab
Page 450 and 451: March 30, 1996 An Effort to Restore
Page 452: GREAT BRITAIN London* Europe 1937 *
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