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XX LUB OML ties: A holocaust, we just could not conceive, and would not believe could happen in the 20th century. All over Europe the Nazis succeeded in dehumanizing the Jewish population, during this two year period. Then, on Hoshana Raba of 1942, the final chapter of the 12,000 Luboml Jews began. The German Nazis, with the help of their Ukrainian puppets and Polish "freedom fighters," grabbed all the remaining Jews, herded them first in the synagogue, and from there marched them out of town under tight guard to where the brick works (Cegelnia) was located, where five huge graves were ready to swallow them all. Without concentration camps, or crematoria, they succeeded 100% in their task of eliminating the Jews from Luboml. Only a handful actually survived the Holocaust. And so ended a 600 year old Jewish chapter called Luboml-Libivne in a most horrifying way. We shall never forget, we shall never forgive, and the innocent blood must be avenged. " 14. _44* _Ant I,1.5. iht Aft RR , Ga I ! -- - " 14. .1,40 ........ /Mir - . , '.- ,..., , ..^.....;-- . 414e o Southeast view of the Great Synagogue in Luboml (Photo taken before synagogue was plastered). (Courtesy of the Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People)
THE EARLY DAYS THE HISTORY OF LUBOML'S JEWS By Berl Kagan The General Community The town of Luboml, called Libivne [in Yiddish], in the last few centuries a little-known Jewish community of Russia-Poland, is one of the oldest such settlements in Eastern Europe. What befell Luboml's Jewish community is no different from the fate of other such communities in Russia-Poland: After occupying a recognized place on the Jewish map, the settlement suffered a steep decline. It was by no means unusual for Jewish communities in Eastern Europegreat Jewish urban areas for many yearsto decline and, conversely, for small, unimportant Jewish communities to become in time centers of Jewish culture. The truth is that Luboml never was a Jewish metropolis, for it lacked two important criteria: (1) Its location meant it had no prospects of becoming an important center that would attract masses of Jewish settlers. (2) It had no great yeshiva to make it attractive as a Torah center. But during Luboml's heydayevident from its rabbis and their role in the Council of the Four Landsthe town held a noteworthy position among the Jewish communities of Volhynia. Not only was Luboml an old Jewish community in Russia-Poland, it was an early urban settlement in general. In the middle of the 14th century, Luboml is mentioned in an agreement between the Lithuanian Prince Algerad and Casimir the Great. As a result of that agreement, Luboml was handed over in 1366 as a leased estate to the prince of Bielsk, Jerzy Nachimontowicz. It is clear that if the town already served as an 1 object of commercial trade or as a gift, its origins must be even earlier. Luboml did not long remain in the possession of Prince Nachimontowicz. In 1377, during the reign of Ludwig of Hungary, the town and entire district of Chelm reverted to the Polish kingdom. In 1392, King Wladislaw Jagiello spent some time in Luboml. He reportedly liked it so much that he had a cloister built there, which still stands today. There is even conjecture that the very name of the town came from Jagiello. While visiting the locale, he is said to have remarked either Lubo mil (sweet and lovely), or Lubo mitu (it's very pleasant for me here)and that remained the official name of the town. There was also a small hill in town called Jagiello's hill and, close by, a church. A legend circulated among local Christians that the church was connected with the hill, which was Jagiello's fortress. In 1569, Luboml was part of the royal domain and Zygmunt III gave it as a wedding present to his daughter when she married the wojewoda [administrator] Wiechowski of Kiev, hetman of the Cossacks. In the closing decades of the 18th century, Luboml became the property of the descendants of Baron Branitzki. The new owners brought order to the affairs of the town and surrounding area. In 1782, the Branitzkis took in 26,470 zlotys from Lubomla considerable sum for those days.' In the second half of the 19th century, the town experienced another economic slump. Around 1820, all the estates around Lubomlwhich had gone back to the Russian domain-
Page 1 and 2: ...\* t 4 0-4. 14;51L- 4,sts,- * c4
Page 4 and 5: ovs.4 LAO c ST. f.rx to, r POST 0.
Page 7 and 8: Previous pages: The Great Synagogue
Page 9 and 10: 11. o. o , _J Jr- ,a0 _ A -;-.
Page 11 and 12: Foreword to the English Translation
Page 13 and 14: FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
Page 15 and 16: FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Page 17: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL YIZ
Page 21 and 22: HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
Page 23: HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
Page 27 and 28: egion, robbing, plundering, and mur
Page 29 and 30: More striking is the comparison wit
Page 31 and 32: il'7t*/ l'53'Iti,1 1,1" 3, trnn,,$3
Page 33 and 34: for other local revenue. In 1611, a
Page 35 and 36: history was connected with the regi
Page 37 and 38: (May 5, 1626), he set the following
Page 39 and 40: A craftsman may not keep an apprent
Page 41 and 42: agree, he shall be punished as the
Page 43 and 44: Maidansky" and Ben-Tsiyon Datil." T
Page 45 and 46: Natanson "for making a mistake and
Page 47 and 48: Torah. At the end of his life, he m
Page 49 and 50: answer is more complicated than for
Page 51 and 52: than in any of his previous or late
Page 53 and 54: placed by the Jews of those times u
Page 55 and 56: three rabbis from Amsterdam turned
Page 57 and 58: Lubomla (1617). As usual, there fol
Page 59 and 60: Betsalel son of R. Shloyme of Kobri
Page 61 and 62: against a rival. He signs: "Declare
Page 63 and 64: and had a pleasant, modern appearan
Page 65 and 66: 1 Slovnik Geografitshny Polsky. 2 D
Page 67 and 68: written that Reb Gedaliah died in 5
Page 69 and 70: earth to a great thickness on all s
Page 71 and 72: ments from the Temple [in Jerusalem
Page 73 and 74: to their villages singing hoarsely
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THE EARLY DAYS else in a store or a
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the end of Friday evening services
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Forward-looking and enlightened par
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pedestrians. It was filled with the
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synagogue, perplexed as to why they
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these bands, though the town itself
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Epshteyn, who later was replaced by
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The whole district of Libivne had,
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Lyuba Shames-Vishnits, Yehudit Tsur
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I. tr. Members of HeChalutz, 1931.
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Jewish youth were living with a gre
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WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH By Yi
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ullet hadn 't even touched him. Und
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certain extent, even into areas aro
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spread cultural activities that las
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Kochba, which ran for quite some ti
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drim.....10.0010111100.1111111101.1
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Among these youths was a studentsti
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ish residents in captured territori
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pair of horses we'd had since the G
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Hebrew Teachers Come to Our Town As
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In my day there were three rabbis i
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A JEWISH POSTAGE STAMP Luboml-Libiv
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THE ANCIENT LEDGER THAT WENT ASTRAY
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LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
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years old. Those trees were cared f
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of worship took upon themselves the
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LUBOML'S ECONOMIC SITUATION UP TO 1
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eal shoes walked barefoot until the
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My hometown Libivne [Luboml], is lo
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There was a Jew, Shamele Protsentni
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I came originally from Volkovisk. S
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Of all the holidays observed in our
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orchard. We often became involved i
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THE JEWS OF THE VILLAGE OF STAVKE B
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JEWISH DAUGHTER
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One of the most important instituti
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FROM DAILY LIFE 143 fir://,6- -A /)
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THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE By Yakov Hetman
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, .t. ,L., -I F.: FROM DAILY LIFE 1
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THE SYNAGOGUES AND CHASIDIM IN OUR
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The Bet HaMidrash also served as a
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interpret it all by myself. He was
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Three other houses of worship were
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SABBATH EVE IN THE SHTETL By Yitsha
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go into the rebbe's room one by one
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Whenever I reminisce about my homet
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In describing the daily life of our
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leading to the bath itself closed a
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from 150 pounds down to 100 in orde
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When the two men came to fix the wi
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1.-yr} ,.7)15r1 1.6 ',"f)') . :.1"1
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Judging him by his character, we ca
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The story of the rescue of Luboml's
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Dovid Veytsfrucht (London) was know
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then was up in years, though strict
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R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan R. MOYSHE Y
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Moyshe Fuks, Yitshak Leyb Blumen, L
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°- issue, my older brother Motl, t
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The mill and the electricity-produc
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The whole time I was in America I a
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IIinseauin a short peasant jacket m
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He was also a member of the Chevra
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son, Asher, would always come to hi
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made sheepskin winter hats called k
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E.- The scroll of Esther %IN/1311v
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CHARACTERS AND PERSONALITIES 201 Ra
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SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
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EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN LUBOML 191
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IMPORTANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES By Ye
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THE HEBREW HOME OF YAKOV BLUMEN By
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sleep and only the youth went outsi
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one side and go out on the other si
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forbade refugees in areas less than
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THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES By Yisroel L
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After that I saw many instances whe
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AS REFUGEES IN LUBOML By Rochl Melt
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OIL PRODUCTION IN THE GHETTO By Nat
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several other Jewish young men were
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THE JOURNEY FROM SPIRITUAL DESTRUCT
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Everyone joined in the hunt after t
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THE ANNIHILATION CHRONOLOGY OF DEST
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the brick factory stood and where f
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day we were still 12; todayonly one
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y the German police. Many children,
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their shovels. If they did not, the
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us, and every time we went to work
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Jews have already been taken." But
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The first Jewish victim in Libivne
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DURING THE HORRIBLE DAYS By Yakov E
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I SAW THIS WITH MY OWN EYES By Mash
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PRESS ARTICLES ABOUT THE KOVALCHUK
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From the Tog-Morgn Zhurnal, Wednesd
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attempting to appear to the Philade
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half-hour. Suddenly, an SS man with
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Shtreichera cousin to the one menti
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killed there. In spite of the dange
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FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET EZEKIE
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her two children, another of his co
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woods. Here they built bunkers in w
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RESCUED FROM THE BIG FIRE By Rochl
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Passover came and a new exterminati
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Moscowa doctor, a prosecutor and tw
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Kampyoni, who had a good relationsh
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pieces of gold with me, and he exch
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coffee house with strange men. Afte
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As soon as the Russian army left, w
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ON A UKRAINIAN PASSPORT By Shmuel a
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milk and asked me what I wanted. I
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IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH By Chaike Ko
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long as I live, I will never forget
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to him longer than with the Grimatl
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A PRISONER OF WAR WITH THE GERMANS
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The schedule was the same as in the
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On our way, we decided to split int
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NEVER SAYZOG NISHT KEINMOL!!! Parti
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FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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IN THE GHETTO, IN THE FOREST, AND W
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AS A POLE WITH THE PARTISANS By Jos
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waited a few hours, but the Judenra
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The Germans entered Libivne in 1939
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Mendl Zilberman as a Polish soldier
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CHAYIM ROZENBLIT: PARTISAN AND SOLD
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Like all other Jewish shtetls, Libi
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My sister Freyde, the daughter of L
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Nachman Weissman (z"1.) as a soldie
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FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE By Yisroel
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THE PARENTS WHO DID NOT MAKE IT By
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THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BENEVOLENT SO
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THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
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LIBIVNER JEWS IN ARGENTINA By Zelik
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THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE
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MEMORIAL PRAYER IN MEMORY OF THE HO
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THESE ARE THE NAMES OF ALL THE HOLY
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Dimetshteyn Avrom; wife; children D
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Frimerman Moyshe; wife, Sosl; child
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Hak Binyomen; wife; children Ben-Ts
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Krelin Meyer-Chayim; wife; children
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Avrom; wife; children Pinye (Tchode
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Privner Motl; wife, Chaye; son, Eli
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Yehuda Moyshe-Yoyne; wife, Roze; so
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Tsvirn Chayim; wife, Malke; son, Sh
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Zhelaznik Beyle (from Dubenko) Zieg
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398 (Y"Y) 10711 11n733 ri4nDi -or ,
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400 Luboml, Lubomla, mko rzad., pow
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Warm, Vibrant Shtetl Life on the Br
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A Return to LubomlAnd Dark, Distant
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406 happened, where history explode
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Oct. 1, 1993 The Sheltering Sky How
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April 14, 1995 In 1938 Esther Ziege
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412 also served as a Guest Curator
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414 Luboml's embrace is expansive.
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The Road to Luboml A Writer Retrace
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418 A local official listens, refus
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420 LUBOML and shrieks: "Don't take
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422 her home to see her icons. "She
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424 Mr. Dzei has amassed a formidab
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March 30, 1996 An Effort to Restore
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GREAT BRITAIN London* Europe 1937 *
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