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288 LUB OML We were in a terrible position. Where should we go? Having no alternative, we went into a barn and hid in the straw, spending several days there without the owner's knowledge. When the head of the village somehow found our hiding place, he went to the owner and told him he would report us to the Germans, who would arrest us. The peasant-owner, a Godfearing man, came to us and told us to run away through another door. When the police came and did not find us, they beat up the owner because he had let us go without notifying them. It was Friday evening and we had no place to go; we were forced to ask a strange peasant for a night's lodging. And here a great miracle occurred! It was in this strange gentile's home that we lay hidden for 22 months! Our hiding place was pitch darkwe could not see each other. On that first morning, Aniski Sulek, the owner, treated us to a loaf of bread and a bottle of water, which to us was the best food we had ever tasted! The peasant told us the members of his house read the Bible every day, where they learned that some Jews had to be left alive as witnesses. But his wife was afraid and told us to leave, because she did not want her family to be destroyed for hiding us. She was right, but it was very bad for us. We had simply nowhere to go. And so we stayed with them in spite of what she had said to us. It is dreadful to describe our suffering from hunger, thirst and coldespecially that of our two children, let alone us adults, me and my brother! In addition, we were wallowing in dirt; we could not stand up, being forced to sit or to lie. And most horrible of all, we were in constant threat from the Germans. The gentile man who kept us was also in dread of death; if we were caught, he and his whole family would have been killed. His own children did not know we were staying with him; and he had an ongoing battle with his wife over us. Once a week the peasant would bring us a small loaf of bread and a few potatoes, enough to feed the two small children. As for us adults, we got used to fasting almost daily. The situation was even worse in 1944, when the front line had stopped at Kovel. It was in March. The peasant, who had been coming to us every Sunday with the little loaf of bread, was taken to do work for the Germans. His wife did not want to have anything to do with us. It so happened that the Germans quartered their soldiers in the village of Kusnishtchin the very house of our gentile! The Germans had chased the woman and her children out of their home into the stable. Those were the days when we lay in our hole, waiting to die. We had nothing to eat for 13 days. But another miracle occurred: the peasant managed to sneak away from his work and came to see whether we were still alive. He brought some bread and a container of sour milk. By then our children did not look human at all. The man told us the Germans were retreating from Kovel and were burning everything behind them. He advised us to leave the barn and hide in the tall fields of wheat: "It would be a pity for you to hide for 22 months and in the end be burned to death." But where could we go, we who were living skeletons? I told him we would take the risk and stay put. We thus stayed until the end. On the last day of the German retreat the village remained deathly still. The peasants ran away into the woods, and we were the only ones left in the village. The shooting that went around our hiding place was dreadful. Many houses and the church were burned down, but our house miraculously remained untouched, as did we. On July 25, 1944, the Russians came and liberated the village; two days later we left our hiding place. On a Sunday morning, when we came to Libivne, we did not find even one Jewish face there. Some of the houses were left intact, while most had been demolished. The first thing I did after the liberation was to give a Jewish burial to those of my family who had been killed. I buried my husband, Yosef, z"1, who was murdered in the village of Palap by Ukrainians on Oct. 6, 1942; my sister-in-law, Tseytl, with her child Leyele; and Chavele Feygelis, who also had been killed. A short while later, a commission came from
Moscowa doctor, a prosecutor and two other officials of the M.G.B.who opened the graves at the brick factory. After two years buried in the ground, the bodies lay pressed together. A woman with neatly combed hair, her braid coiled on her head like a crown, lay with a child whom she was THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE 289 holding close to her heart. The commission photographed everything and then covered the mass graves with earth! May these pages remain a document of the dark days that we lived through and be a memorial to our dearest ones!
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...\* t 4 0-4. 14;51L- 4,sts,- * c4
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ovs.4 LAO c ST. f.rx to, r POST 0.
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Previous pages: The Great Synagogue
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11. o. o , _J Jr- ,a0 _ A -;-.
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Foreword to the English Translation
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FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL YIZ
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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THE EARLY DAYS THE HISTORY OF LUBOM
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egion, robbing, plundering, and mur
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More striking is the comparison wit
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il'7t*/ l'53'Iti,1 1,1" 3, trnn,,$3
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for other local revenue. In 1611, a
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history was connected with the regi
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(May 5, 1626), he set the following
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A craftsman may not keep an apprent
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agree, he shall be punished as the
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Maidansky" and Ben-Tsiyon Datil." T
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Natanson "for making a mistake and
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Torah. At the end of his life, he m
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answer is more complicated than for
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than in any of his previous or late
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placed by the Jews of those times u
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three rabbis from Amsterdam turned
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Lubomla (1617). As usual, there fol
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Betsalel son of R. Shloyme of Kobri
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against a rival. He signs: "Declare
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and had a pleasant, modern appearan
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1 Slovnik Geografitshny Polsky. 2 D
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written that Reb Gedaliah died in 5
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earth to a great thickness on all s
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ments from the Temple [in Jerusalem
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to their villages singing hoarsely
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THE EARLY DAYS else in a store or a
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the end of Friday evening services
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Forward-looking and enlightened par
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pedestrians. It was filled with the
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synagogue, perplexed as to why they
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these bands, though the town itself
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Epshteyn, who later was replaced by
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The whole district of Libivne had,
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Lyuba Shames-Vishnits, Yehudit Tsur
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I. tr. Members of HeChalutz, 1931.
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Jewish youth were living with a gre
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WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH By Yi
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ullet hadn 't even touched him. Und
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certain extent, even into areas aro
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spread cultural activities that las
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Kochba, which ran for quite some ti
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drim.....10.0010111100.1111111101.1
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Among these youths was a studentsti
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ish residents in captured territori
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pair of horses we'd had since the G
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Hebrew Teachers Come to Our Town As
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In my day there were three rabbis i
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A JEWISH POSTAGE STAMP Luboml-Libiv
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THE ANCIENT LEDGER THAT WENT ASTRAY
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LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
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years old. Those trees were cared f
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of worship took upon themselves the
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LUBOML'S ECONOMIC SITUATION UP TO 1
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eal shoes walked barefoot until the
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My hometown Libivne [Luboml], is lo
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There was a Jew, Shamele Protsentni
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I came originally from Volkovisk. S
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Of all the holidays observed in our
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orchard. We often became involved i
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THE JEWS OF THE VILLAGE OF STAVKE B
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JEWISH DAUGHTER
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One of the most important instituti
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FROM DAILY LIFE 143 fir://,6- -A /)
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THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE By Yakov Hetman
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, .t. ,L., -I F.: FROM DAILY LIFE 1
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THE SYNAGOGUES AND CHASIDIM IN OUR
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The Bet HaMidrash also served as a
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interpret it all by myself. He was
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Three other houses of worship were
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SABBATH EVE IN THE SHTETL By Yitsha
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go into the rebbe's room one by one
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Whenever I reminisce about my homet
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In describing the daily life of our
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leading to the bath itself closed a
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from 150 pounds down to 100 in orde
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When the two men came to fix the wi
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1.-yr} ,.7)15r1 1.6 ',"f)') . :.1"1
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Judging him by his character, we ca
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The story of the rescue of Luboml's
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Dovid Veytsfrucht (London) was know
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then was up in years, though strict
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R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan R. MOYSHE Y
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Moyshe Fuks, Yitshak Leyb Blumen, L
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°- issue, my older brother Motl, t
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The mill and the electricity-produc
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The whole time I was in America I a
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IIinseauin a short peasant jacket m
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He was also a member of the Chevra
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son, Asher, would always come to hi
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made sheepskin winter hats called k
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E.- The scroll of Esther %IN/1311v
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CHARACTERS AND PERSONALITIES 201 Ra
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SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
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EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN LUBOML 191
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IMPORTANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES By Ye
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THE HEBREW HOME OF YAKOV BLUMEN By
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sleep and only the youth went outsi
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one side and go out on the other si
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forbade refugees in areas less than
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THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES By Yisroel L
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After that I saw many instances whe
Page 261 and 262: AS REFUGEES IN LUBOML By Rochl Melt
Page 263 and 264: OIL PRODUCTION IN THE GHETTO By Nat
Page 265 and 266: several other Jewish young men were
Page 267 and 268: THE JOURNEY FROM SPIRITUAL DESTRUCT
Page 269 and 270: Everyone joined in the hunt after t
Page 271 and 272: THE ANNIHILATION CHRONOLOGY OF DEST
Page 273 and 274: the brick factory stood and where f
Page 275 and 276: day we were still 12; todayonly one
Page 277 and 278: y the German police. Many children,
Page 279 and 280: their shovels. If they did not, the
Page 281 and 282: us, and every time we went to work
Page 283 and 284: Jews have already been taken." But
Page 285 and 286: The first Jewish victim in Libivne
Page 287 and 288: DURING THE HORRIBLE DAYS By Yakov E
Page 289 and 290: I SAW THIS WITH MY OWN EYES By Mash
Page 291 and 292: PRESS ARTICLES ABOUT THE KOVALCHUK
Page 293 and 294: From the Tog-Morgn Zhurnal, Wednesd
Page 295 and 296: attempting to appear to the Philade
Page 297 and 298: half-hour. Suddenly, an SS man with
Page 299 and 300: Shtreichera cousin to the one menti
Page 301 and 302: killed there. In spite of the dange
Page 303 and 304: FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET EZEKIE
Page 305 and 306: her two children, another of his co
Page 307 and 308: woods. Here they built bunkers in w
Page 309 and 310: RESCUED FROM THE BIG FIRE By Rochl
Page 311: Passover came and a new exterminati
Page 315 and 316: Kampyoni, who had a good relationsh
Page 317 and 318: pieces of gold with me, and he exch
Page 319 and 320: coffee house with strange men. Afte
Page 321 and 322: As soon as the Russian army left, w
Page 323 and 324: ON A UKRAINIAN PASSPORT By Shmuel a
Page 325 and 326: milk and asked me what I wanted. I
Page 327 and 328: IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH By Chaike Ko
Page 329 and 330: long as I live, I will never forget
Page 331 and 332: to him longer than with the Grimatl
Page 333 and 334: A PRISONER OF WAR WITH THE GERMANS
Page 335 and 336: The schedule was the same as in the
Page 337 and 338: On our way, we decided to split int
Page 339 and 340: NEVER SAYZOG NISHT KEINMOL!!! Parti
Page 341 and 342: FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
Page 347 and 348: IN THE GHETTO, IN THE FOREST, AND W
Page 355 and 356: AS A POLE WITH THE PARTISANS By Jos
Page 361 and 362: waited a few hours, but the Judenra
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The Germans entered Libivne in 1939
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Mendl Zilberman as a Polish soldier
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CHAYIM ROZENBLIT: PARTISAN AND SOLD
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Like all other Jewish shtetls, Libi
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My sister Freyde, the daughter of L
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Nachman Weissman (z"1.) as a soldie
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FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE By Yisroel
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THE PARENTS WHO DID NOT MAKE IT By
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THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BENEVOLENT SO
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THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
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LIBIVNER JEWS IN ARGENTINA By Zelik
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THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE
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MEMORIAL PRAYER IN MEMORY OF THE HO
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THESE ARE THE NAMES OF ALL THE HOLY
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Dimetshteyn Avrom; wife; children D
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Frimerman Moyshe; wife, Sosl; child
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Hak Binyomen; wife; children Ben-Ts
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Krelin Meyer-Chayim; wife; children
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Avrom; wife; children Pinye (Tchode
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Privner Motl; wife, Chaye; son, Eli
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Yehuda Moyshe-Yoyne; wife, Roze; so
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Tsvirn Chayim; wife, Malke; son, Sh
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Zhelaznik Beyle (from Dubenko) Zieg
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398 (Y"Y) 10711 11n733 ri4nDi -or ,
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400 Luboml, Lubomla, mko rzad., pow
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Warm, Vibrant Shtetl Life on the Br
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A Return to LubomlAnd Dark, Distant
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406 happened, where history explode
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Oct. 1, 1993 The Sheltering Sky How
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April 14, 1995 In 1938 Esther Ziege
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412 also served as a Guest Curator
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414 Luboml's embrace is expansive.
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The Road to Luboml A Writer Retrace
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418 A local official listens, refus
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420 LUBOML and shrieks: "Don't take
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422 her home to see her icons. "She
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424 Mr. Dzei has amassed a formidab
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March 30, 1996 An Effort to Restore
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GREAT BRITAIN London* Europe 1937 *
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