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180 LUB OML Particularly unusual was the tune for Ruth, which we learned the week before Shavuot. Different feelings were felt by the young children when they studied Shir HaShirimSong of Songs, with a special melody of the times, about King Solomon, a king and the son of a king, a tzadik [righteous person] and the son of a tzadik, etc. We understood the love between the people of Israel and the God of Israel and were engulfed with love for Eretz Yisro el [the Land of Israel], even when sitting in the narrow choking yard on Shkolne Street. With open mouths we were in the midst of another world; we longed for the holy land as described in the wonderful words of Song of Songs.
R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan R. MOYSHE YITSHAK KAGAN By Shabtai Langer (z"1) R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan, the director of the town's Talmud Torah, was a wonderful man and, without a doubt, is still remembered by those of his Torah students who still remain. His influence on his students was trem en d o us . He was among the first to teach his students Hebrew in a modern method, speaking the language with them. He also taught his pupils the history of the Jewish people. It is therefore no wonder that most of his students later joined the various Zionist movements. R. Moyshe was born in the village of Opalin. He came to Luboml while still a young man and sank roots there. He was a very gifted man, and his specialties were poetry and recitations. Whenever he prayed before the Holy Ark in the Great Synagogue, crowds would come to listen to him, for he had a sweet and strong voice. He was a very good reader at the altar and his pupils had learned well the cantillation used in prayer. R. Moyshe Yitshak continued to keep in touch with his pupils even after they reached maturity. Everyone paid him great tribute as an illustrious and beloved teacher. THE FIRST ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN LIBIVNE By Boruch-Mendl Frechter In Libivne, as in the other Polish shtetlech, there instruction was much better, because all of the was a Talmud Torah that poor children attended children were in one place. It was easier to keep an because their parents could not afford to pay their eye on them and therefore to take better care of tuition. The shtetl had a Talmud Torah Society, them. which collected donations to maintain the school Moyshe Afeldman, a cultured man, felt that and to pay the salaries of its three teachers. the Talmud Torah alone was not enough and that The trustees of this committee were R. Yakov there was a need for secular studies, too. He Yeshayahu Erlich, Moyshe Afeldman, Yudl Tsvik, therefore began a correspondence with the fa- and Naftoli Gedalyes (Naftoli Merin). The chilmous Society for the Propagation of Culture among dren did not study in one place but went to the the Jews, which had its quarters in St. Petersburg. homes of their teachers and studied there. He asked their help in turning the Talmud Torah On the initiative of Moyshe Afeldman, the into a public school for both Jewish and secular society rented a large hall from Shamai Zaydl and moved the Talmud Torah there. From then on, the subjects. 181
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ovs.4 LAO c ST. f.rx to, r POST 0.
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Previous pages: The Great Synagogue
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11. o. o , _J Jr- ,a0 _ A -;-.
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Foreword to the English Translation
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FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL YIZ
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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THE EARLY DAYS THE HISTORY OF LUBOM
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egion, robbing, plundering, and mur
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More striking is the comparison wit
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il'7t*/ l'53'Iti,1 1,1" 3, trnn,,$3
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for other local revenue. In 1611, a
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history was connected with the regi
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(May 5, 1626), he set the following
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A craftsman may not keep an apprent
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agree, he shall be punished as the
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Maidansky" and Ben-Tsiyon Datil." T
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Natanson "for making a mistake and
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Torah. At the end of his life, he m
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answer is more complicated than for
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than in any of his previous or late
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placed by the Jews of those times u
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three rabbis from Amsterdam turned
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Lubomla (1617). As usual, there fol
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Betsalel son of R. Shloyme of Kobri
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against a rival. He signs: "Declare
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and had a pleasant, modern appearan
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1 Slovnik Geografitshny Polsky. 2 D
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written that Reb Gedaliah died in 5
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earth to a great thickness on all s
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ments from the Temple [in Jerusalem
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to their villages singing hoarsely
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THE EARLY DAYS else in a store or a
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the end of Friday evening services
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Forward-looking and enlightened par
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pedestrians. It was filled with the
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synagogue, perplexed as to why they
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these bands, though the town itself
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Epshteyn, who later was replaced by
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The whole district of Libivne had,
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Lyuba Shames-Vishnits, Yehudit Tsur
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I. tr. Members of HeChalutz, 1931.
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Jewish youth were living with a gre
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WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH By Yi
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ullet hadn 't even touched him. Und
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certain extent, even into areas aro
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spread cultural activities that las
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Kochba, which ran for quite some ti
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drim.....10.0010111100.1111111101.1
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Among these youths was a studentsti
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ish residents in captured territori
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pair of horses we'd had since the G
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Hebrew Teachers Come to Our Town As
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In my day there were three rabbis i
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A JEWISH POSTAGE STAMP Luboml-Libiv
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THE ANCIENT LEDGER THAT WENT ASTRAY
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LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
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years old. Those trees were cared f
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of worship took upon themselves the
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LUBOML'S ECONOMIC SITUATION UP TO 1
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eal shoes walked barefoot until the
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My hometown Libivne [Luboml], is lo
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There was a Jew, Shamele Protsentni
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I came originally from Volkovisk. S
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Of all the holidays observed in our
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orchard. We often became involved i
Page 153 and 154: THE JEWS OF THE VILLAGE OF STAVKE B
Page 155 and 156: AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JEWISH DAUGHTER
Page 157 and 158: LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
Page 165 and 166: One of the most important instituti
Page 167 and 168: FROM DAILY LIFE 143 fir://,6- -A /)
Page 169 and 170: THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE By Yakov Hetman
Page 171 and 172: , .t. ,L., -I F.: FROM DAILY LIFE 1
Page 173 and 174: THE SYNAGOGUES AND CHASIDIM IN OUR
Page 175 and 176: The Bet HaMidrash also served as a
Page 177 and 178: interpret it all by myself. He was
Page 179 and 180: Three other houses of worship were
Page 181 and 182: SABBATH EVE IN THE SHTETL By Yitsha
Page 183 and 184: go into the rebbe's room one by one
Page 185 and 186: Whenever I reminisce about my homet
Page 187 and 188: In describing the daily life of our
Page 189 and 190: leading to the bath itself closed a
Page 191 and 192: from 150 pounds down to 100 in orde
Page 193 and 194: When the two men came to fix the wi
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Page 197 and 198: Judging him by his character, we ca
Page 199 and 200: The story of the rescue of Luboml's
Page 201 and 202: Dovid Veytsfrucht (London) was know
Page 203: then was up in years, though strict
Page 207 and 208: Moyshe Fuks, Yitshak Leyb Blumen, L
Page 209 and 210: °- issue, my older brother Motl, t
Page 211 and 212: The mill and the electricity-produc
Page 213 and 214: The whole time I was in America I a
Page 215 and 216: IIinseauin a short peasant jacket m
Page 217 and 218: He was also a member of the Chevra
Page 219 and 220: son, Asher, would always come to hi
Page 221 and 222: made sheepskin winter hats called k
Page 223 and 224: E.- The scroll of Esther %IN/1311v
Page 225 and 226: CHARACTERS AND PERSONALITIES 201 Ra
Page 227 and 228: SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
Page 231 and 232: EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN LUBOML 191
Page 233 and 234: IMPORTANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES By Ye
Page 243 and 244: THE HEBREW HOME OF YAKOV BLUMEN By
Page 251 and 252: sleep and only the youth went outsi
Page 253 and 254: one side and go out on the other si
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forbade refugees in areas less than
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THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES By Yisroel L
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After that I saw many instances whe
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AS REFUGEES IN LUBOML By Rochl Melt
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OIL PRODUCTION IN THE GHETTO By Nat
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several other Jewish young men were
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THE JOURNEY FROM SPIRITUAL DESTRUCT
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Everyone joined in the hunt after t
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THE ANNIHILATION CHRONOLOGY OF DEST
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the brick factory stood and where f
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day we were still 12; todayonly one
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y the German police. Many children,
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their shovels. If they did not, the
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us, and every time we went to work
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Jews have already been taken." But
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The first Jewish victim in Libivne
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DURING THE HORRIBLE DAYS By Yakov E
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I SAW THIS WITH MY OWN EYES By Mash
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PRESS ARTICLES ABOUT THE KOVALCHUK
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From the Tog-Morgn Zhurnal, Wednesd
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attempting to appear to the Philade
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half-hour. Suddenly, an SS man with
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Shtreichera cousin to the one menti
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killed there. In spite of the dange
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FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET EZEKIE
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her two children, another of his co
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woods. Here they built bunkers in w
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RESCUED FROM THE BIG FIRE By Rochl
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Passover came and a new exterminati
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Moscowa doctor, a prosecutor and tw
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Kampyoni, who had a good relationsh
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pieces of gold with me, and he exch
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coffee house with strange men. Afte
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As soon as the Russian army left, w
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ON A UKRAINIAN PASSPORT By Shmuel a
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milk and asked me what I wanted. I
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IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH By Chaike Ko
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long as I live, I will never forget
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to him longer than with the Grimatl
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A PRISONER OF WAR WITH THE GERMANS
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The schedule was the same as in the
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On our way, we decided to split int
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NEVER SAYZOG NISHT KEINMOL!!! Parti
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IN THE GHETTO, IN THE FOREST, AND W
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AS A POLE WITH THE PARTISANS By Jos
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waited a few hours, but the Judenra
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The Germans entered Libivne in 1939
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Mendl Zilberman as a Polish soldier
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CHAYIM ROZENBLIT: PARTISAN AND SOLD
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Like all other Jewish shtetls, Libi
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My sister Freyde, the daughter of L
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Nachman Weissman (z"1.) as a soldie
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FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE By Yisroel
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THE PARENTS WHO DID NOT MAKE IT By
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THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BENEVOLENT SO
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THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
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LIBIVNER JEWS IN ARGENTINA By Zelik
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THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE
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MEMORIAL PRAYER IN MEMORY OF THE HO
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THESE ARE THE NAMES OF ALL THE HOLY
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Dimetshteyn Avrom; wife; children D
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Frimerman Moyshe; wife, Sosl; child
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Hak Binyomen; wife; children Ben-Ts
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Krelin Meyer-Chayim; wife; children
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Avrom; wife; children Pinye (Tchode
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Privner Motl; wife, Chaye; son, Eli
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Yehuda Moyshe-Yoyne; wife, Roze; so
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Tsvirn Chayim; wife, Malke; son, Sh
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Zhelaznik Beyle (from Dubenko) Zieg
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398 (Y"Y) 10711 11n733 ri4nDi -or ,
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400 Luboml, Lubomla, mko rzad., pow
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Warm, Vibrant Shtetl Life on the Br
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A Return to LubomlAnd Dark, Distant
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406 happened, where history explode
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Oct. 1, 1993 The Sheltering Sky How
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April 14, 1995 In 1938 Esther Ziege
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412 also served as a Guest Curator
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414 Luboml's embrace is expansive.
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The Road to Luboml A Writer Retrace
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418 A local official listens, refus
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420 LUBOML and shrieks: "Don't take
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422 her home to see her icons. "She
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424 Mr. Dzei has amassed a formidab
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March 30, 1996 An Effort to Restore
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GREAT BRITAIN London* Europe 1937 *
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