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LETTER FROM A HEBREW TEACHER, 1939 "By the Grace of God"Luboml, 4 Shvat 1939 By M. Kaufman Hello and greetings to my friend Yakov Hetman in Jerusalem! I received your short letter and it was quite timely. You have foreseen a lot. Lately there have been great changes in the relationship between the Zionist idea and those who fulfill it, and I admit my sins (in secret, of course) that I, too, have been caught in the act, and some of this denunciation comes my way, as well. Your question, "For whom do I toil?" pierces my brain and gives me no rest. If aliyah [emigration to Palestine] is stopped and my brothers and sisters are left to rot in trouble and distress, and our lives hang in the balance, what good is the abstract idea? There's that well-known story the Chasidic elders used to tell about two milkmen, one who sold watered-down milk and became very wealthy, and the other, simple and naive, who brought pure, unadulterated milk to the householders [baale-batim] and they didn't want to buy any of it from him. His situation worsened from day to day, and he went to the holy man Levi, blessed be his memory, and complained about his bitter lot. The Berdichever answered: "Know that the world we live in is a world of lies. And you want to do things according to the truth. Falsehood keeps retreating from you, and so you have no alternative but to do something to draw it close to you. You have to add a few small drops into your pure milkthat will not be considered cheatingand then you will be able to sell it." Also, 224 in the matter under discussion, even if the idea contains "a few drops" of worth, it still has a right to exist, for if not, it will dissipate. Apathy is rife in the entire Zionist camp (both the old and the new ones); disappointment and despair are everywhere and so I was delighted when you suggested renewing our correspondence, which was interrupted because you are under siege and I didn't want to cause your mother any suffering. I hope that through this connection with Eretz Yisroel I will be influenced by the spirit of Eretz Yisroel and it will help to encourage me and shake me out of this lethargy. What I ask is that you write me of what's going on inside the countrythings that don't reach the newspapers; I really don't trust any of them. As I see it, all the Zionists in Luboml are "frozen." There's not one Zionist institution left. The only thing is the Tarbut club, if you will. Here they play cards and listen to the radio. Most of the visitors are older bachelors who have "renounced" all the nonsense of this world and were obsessed with the "holy occupation" of cards. This will undoubtedly stand them in good stead forever. From what we hear, Luboml is not the exception, but rather the rule. Last Shabbat, an outstanding visitor came to the city from the Keren Kayemet. He spoke enthusiastically and gave a fiery presentation, but those in attendance at the club were not moved, the ice in their hearts did not melt, and that's basically the same for all the Zionists here.
SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES 225 In closing, I want to report to you what it is that our Jews do get excited about. In November there were elections for community leaders and rabbi. The battle was pitched, each side using whatever weapons they could get their hands on, and after a hard, bloody fight (and the expenditure of a great deal of money), Alter won and assumed authority. You know Alter because you went to school with him, and you can gather from this the whole attitude of Luboml toward Zionism and Eretz Yisroel in general, as exemplified in that particular episode. I've no time to write anything else. I wish you success in all your public and personal endeavors and hope to see you soon in our rebuilt homeland. Your friend, M. Kaufman
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ovs.4 LAO c ST. f.rx to, r POST 0.
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Previous pages: The Great Synagogue
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11. o. o , _J Jr- ,a0 _ A -;-.
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Foreword to the English Translation
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FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL YIZ
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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THE EARLY DAYS THE HISTORY OF LUBOM
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egion, robbing, plundering, and mur
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More striking is the comparison wit
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il'7t*/ l'53'Iti,1 1,1" 3, trnn,,$3
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for other local revenue. In 1611, a
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history was connected with the regi
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(May 5, 1626), he set the following
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A craftsman may not keep an apprent
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agree, he shall be punished as the
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Maidansky" and Ben-Tsiyon Datil." T
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Natanson "for making a mistake and
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Torah. At the end of his life, he m
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answer is more complicated than for
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than in any of his previous or late
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placed by the Jews of those times u
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three rabbis from Amsterdam turned
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Lubomla (1617). As usual, there fol
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Betsalel son of R. Shloyme of Kobri
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against a rival. He signs: "Declare
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and had a pleasant, modern appearan
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1 Slovnik Geografitshny Polsky. 2 D
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written that Reb Gedaliah died in 5
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earth to a great thickness on all s
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ments from the Temple [in Jerusalem
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to their villages singing hoarsely
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THE EARLY DAYS else in a store or a
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the end of Friday evening services
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Forward-looking and enlightened par
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pedestrians. It was filled with the
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synagogue, perplexed as to why they
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these bands, though the town itself
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Epshteyn, who later was replaced by
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The whole district of Libivne had,
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Lyuba Shames-Vishnits, Yehudit Tsur
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I. tr. Members of HeChalutz, 1931.
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Jewish youth were living with a gre
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WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH By Yi
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ullet hadn 't even touched him. Und
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certain extent, even into areas aro
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spread cultural activities that las
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Kochba, which ran for quite some ti
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drim.....10.0010111100.1111111101.1
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Among these youths was a studentsti
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ish residents in captured territori
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pair of horses we'd had since the G
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Hebrew Teachers Come to Our Town As
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In my day there were three rabbis i
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A JEWISH POSTAGE STAMP Luboml-Libiv
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THE ANCIENT LEDGER THAT WENT ASTRAY
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LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
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years old. Those trees were cared f
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of worship took upon themselves the
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LUBOML'S ECONOMIC SITUATION UP TO 1
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eal shoes walked barefoot until the
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My hometown Libivne [Luboml], is lo
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There was a Jew, Shamele Protsentni
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I came originally from Volkovisk. S
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Of all the holidays observed in our
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orchard. We often became involved i
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THE JEWS OF THE VILLAGE OF STAVKE B
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JEWISH DAUGHTER
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One of the most important instituti
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FROM DAILY LIFE 143 fir://,6- -A /)
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THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE By Yakov Hetman
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, .t. ,L., -I F.: FROM DAILY LIFE 1
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THE SYNAGOGUES AND CHASIDIM IN OUR
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The Bet HaMidrash also served as a
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interpret it all by myself. He was
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Three other houses of worship were
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SABBATH EVE IN THE SHTETL By Yitsha
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go into the rebbe's room one by one
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Whenever I reminisce about my homet
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In describing the daily life of our
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leading to the bath itself closed a
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from 150 pounds down to 100 in orde
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When the two men came to fix the wi
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1.-yr} ,.7)15r1 1.6 ',"f)') . :.1"1
Page 197 and 198: Judging him by his character, we ca
Page 199 and 200: The story of the rescue of Luboml's
Page 201 and 202: Dovid Veytsfrucht (London) was know
Page 203 and 204: then was up in years, though strict
Page 205 and 206: R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan R. MOYSHE Y
Page 207 and 208: Moyshe Fuks, Yitshak Leyb Blumen, L
Page 209 and 210: °- issue, my older brother Motl, t
Page 211 and 212: The mill and the electricity-produc
Page 213 and 214: The whole time I was in America I a
Page 215 and 216: IIinseauin a short peasant jacket m
Page 217 and 218: He was also a member of the Chevra
Page 219 and 220: son, Asher, would always come to hi
Page 221 and 222: made sheepskin winter hats called k
Page 223 and 224: E.- The scroll of Esther %IN/1311v
Page 225 and 226: CHARACTERS AND PERSONALITIES 201 Ra
Page 227 and 228: SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
Page 231 and 232: EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN LUBOML 191
Page 233 and 234: IMPORTANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES By Ye
Page 243 and 244: THE HEBREW HOME OF YAKOV BLUMEN By
Page 247: SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
Page 251 and 252: sleep and only the youth went outsi
Page 253 and 254: one side and go out on the other si
Page 255 and 256: forbade refugees in areas less than
Page 257 and 258: THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES By Yisroel L
Page 259 and 260: After that I saw many instances whe
Page 261 and 262: AS REFUGEES IN LUBOML By Rochl Melt
Page 263 and 264: OIL PRODUCTION IN THE GHETTO By Nat
Page 265 and 266: several other Jewish young men were
Page 267 and 268: THE JOURNEY FROM SPIRITUAL DESTRUCT
Page 269 and 270: Everyone joined in the hunt after t
Page 271 and 272: THE ANNIHILATION CHRONOLOGY OF DEST
Page 273 and 274: the brick factory stood and where f
Page 275 and 276: day we were still 12; todayonly one
Page 277 and 278: y the German police. Many children,
Page 279 and 280: their shovels. If they did not, the
Page 281 and 282: us, and every time we went to work
Page 283 and 284: Jews have already been taken." But
Page 285 and 286: The first Jewish victim in Libivne
Page 287 and 288: DURING THE HORRIBLE DAYS By Yakov E
Page 289 and 290: I SAW THIS WITH MY OWN EYES By Mash
Page 291 and 292: PRESS ARTICLES ABOUT THE KOVALCHUK
Page 293 and 294: From the Tog-Morgn Zhurnal, Wednesd
Page 295 and 296: attempting to appear to the Philade
Page 297 and 298: half-hour. Suddenly, an SS man with
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Shtreichera cousin to the one menti
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killed there. In spite of the dange
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FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET EZEKIE
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her two children, another of his co
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woods. Here they built bunkers in w
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RESCUED FROM THE BIG FIRE By Rochl
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Passover came and a new exterminati
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Moscowa doctor, a prosecutor and tw
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Kampyoni, who had a good relationsh
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pieces of gold with me, and he exch
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coffee house with strange men. Afte
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As soon as the Russian army left, w
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ON A UKRAINIAN PASSPORT By Shmuel a
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milk and asked me what I wanted. I
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IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH By Chaike Ko
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long as I live, I will never forget
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to him longer than with the Grimatl
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A PRISONER OF WAR WITH THE GERMANS
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The schedule was the same as in the
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On our way, we decided to split int
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NEVER SAYZOG NISHT KEINMOL!!! Parti
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IN THE GHETTO, IN THE FOREST, AND W
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AS A POLE WITH THE PARTISANS By Jos
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waited a few hours, but the Judenra
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The Germans entered Libivne in 1939
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Mendl Zilberman as a Polish soldier
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CHAYIM ROZENBLIT: PARTISAN AND SOLD
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Like all other Jewish shtetls, Libi
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My sister Freyde, the daughter of L
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Nachman Weissman (z"1.) as a soldie
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FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE By Yisroel
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THE PARENTS WHO DID NOT MAKE IT By
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THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BENEVOLENT SO
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THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
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LIBIVNER JEWS IN ARGENTINA By Zelik
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THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE
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MEMORIAL PRAYER IN MEMORY OF THE HO
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THESE ARE THE NAMES OF ALL THE HOLY
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Dimetshteyn Avrom; wife; children D
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Frimerman Moyshe; wife, Sosl; child
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Hak Binyomen; wife; children Ben-Ts
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Krelin Meyer-Chayim; wife; children
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Avrom; wife; children Pinye (Tchode
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Privner Motl; wife, Chaye; son, Eli
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Yehuda Moyshe-Yoyne; wife, Roze; so
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Tsvirn Chayim; wife, Malke; son, Sh
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Zhelaznik Beyle (from Dubenko) Zieg
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398 (Y"Y) 10711 11n733 ri4nDi -or ,
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400 Luboml, Lubomla, mko rzad., pow
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Warm, Vibrant Shtetl Life on the Br
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A Return to LubomlAnd Dark, Distant
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406 happened, where history explode
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Oct. 1, 1993 The Sheltering Sky How
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April 14, 1995 In 1938 Esther Ziege
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412 also served as a Guest Curator
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414 Luboml's embrace is expansive.
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The Road to Luboml A Writer Retrace
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418 A local official listens, refus
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420 LUBOML and shrieks: "Don't take
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422 her home to see her icons. "She
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424 Mr. Dzei has amassed a formidab
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March 30, 1996 An Effort to Restore
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GREAT BRITAIN London* Europe 1937 *
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