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312 LUB OML names and promised to do what she could for us. The next day we learned that the Germans had concentrated masses of Jews and demanded that the Lublin Judenrat provide us with food. But the Lublin Jews did not have the means to feed so many thousands of Jews. To enforce their demands, the Germans selected 600 Jews and on the way from Lublin to Parts chev shot all of them. This happened on the night we arrived in Lublin; 600 Jews were taken from the barrack where we were quartered. The next morning Jews from Partschev told us about the terrible massacre. The Jews of Lublin were shocked when they heard what had happened to the 600 Jews. The Lublin Jewish leaders made an agreement with the Germans that each Lublin Jewish family would take in two Jews from the camp, feed them, and be responsible for them. The woman whom I had mentioned earlier became guarantor for me and Yakov Melamed. Thanks to this woman, we were freed from the camp and were able to walk in freedom in the town of Lublin. Another Jewish family took on both Krupodelnik and Kroyt. The woman who freed us (I have forgotten her name) was a poor widow who lived in a cellar; she had a true Jewish heart. We could not stay long with her, since there wasn't enough room for us. I recalled that Chane Kroyt (the sister of Noach Kroyt) lived in Lublin and I found her. She was happy to see me and received me like one of the family; I stayed with them for three weeks. Her husband, Chvetkovsky, was the only one from his entire family to remain alive. After the war he came to visit me in Lodz. In the three weeks that I was in Lublin, I rested and regained my strength. At the beginning of February, 1940, orders came to Lublin for all Jews to gather in a certain place, bringing their documents. Anyone who disobeyed would be shot. I knew from experience what this meant, although the Jews of Lublin did not as yet fully understand. I immediately got together with my Libivne friends and we decided to run away to Chelm; then go from Chelm to the Bug River; run across the German-Russian border; and somehow come to Luboml. I told this to the family of Chvetkovsky (Hene Kroyt) and tried to induce them to come with us, but they did not think much of the plan. Just the opposite: they tried to dissuade us. Chelm and Svyerzsh We rented a horse and wagon and left Lublin at night. We managed to reach our destination without trouble, though at that time roads were filled with danger. When the Germans caught someone on the road, they would shoot him at once, especially since we, as war prisoners, had no papers and no permits to leave the town. My cousin Miriam, who lived in Chelm, had two children, Velvele and Chayele. When the Germans had occupied Chelm, she sent Chayele to Libivne, where she stayed at our house. Therefore in Chelm we stayed with my cousin, Chayele's mother. The Jews of Chelm were in a desperate mood. Despondent and hopeless, they sat behind closed doors and windows and were afraid to go outside, for only a week before the Nazi murderers had exterminated thousands of innocent Jews. The town looked like a living cemetery. According to a report I received from my townspeople after the war, my brother Chayim was exterminated in the Chelm camp. It became clear to me: the sooner we got out of there, the better it would be for us. My cousin Miriam, however, tried to talk us into staying with her and sharing with everyone whatever fate awaited us. I, on the other hand, tried to persuade her and her husband, and if not them then at least their son, Velvele, to come with us. They refused to listen. According to information I picked up, the best way to cross the border was through Svyerzsh, a small town on the banks of the Bug (the Bug River was on the border between Russia and Germany). We rented a horse and a sled, and at night we crossed the river to Svyerzsh. Before I left, my cousin gave me a pair of trousers into which she had sewn a $10 bill for her Chayele in Libivne.
On our way, we decided to split into two groups, thinking it would be easier to cross the border for two people than for four; I was left with Yakov Melamed while Krupodelnik went with Tane Kroyt. Melamed and I were arrested by the THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE 313 Russians, while Krupodelnik and Kroyt reached Libivne safely. That was the last time I saw them. Apparently they were later exterminated together with all the Jews of Libivne.
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ovs.4 LAO c ST. f.rx to, r POST 0.
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Previous pages: The Great Synagogue
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11. o. o , _J Jr- ,a0 _ A -;-.
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Foreword to the English Translation
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FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL YIZ
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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THE EARLY DAYS THE HISTORY OF LUBOM
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egion, robbing, plundering, and mur
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More striking is the comparison wit
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il'7t*/ l'53'Iti,1 1,1" 3, trnn,,$3
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for other local revenue. In 1611, a
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history was connected with the regi
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(May 5, 1626), he set the following
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A craftsman may not keep an apprent
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agree, he shall be punished as the
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Maidansky" and Ben-Tsiyon Datil." T
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Natanson "for making a mistake and
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Torah. At the end of his life, he m
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answer is more complicated than for
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than in any of his previous or late
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placed by the Jews of those times u
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three rabbis from Amsterdam turned
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Lubomla (1617). As usual, there fol
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Betsalel son of R. Shloyme of Kobri
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against a rival. He signs: "Declare
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and had a pleasant, modern appearan
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1 Slovnik Geografitshny Polsky. 2 D
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written that Reb Gedaliah died in 5
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earth to a great thickness on all s
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ments from the Temple [in Jerusalem
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to their villages singing hoarsely
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THE EARLY DAYS else in a store or a
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the end of Friday evening services
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Forward-looking and enlightened par
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pedestrians. It was filled with the
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synagogue, perplexed as to why they
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these bands, though the town itself
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Epshteyn, who later was replaced by
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The whole district of Libivne had,
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Lyuba Shames-Vishnits, Yehudit Tsur
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I. tr. Members of HeChalutz, 1931.
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Jewish youth were living with a gre
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WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH By Yi
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ullet hadn 't even touched him. Und
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certain extent, even into areas aro
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spread cultural activities that las
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Kochba, which ran for quite some ti
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drim.....10.0010111100.1111111101.1
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Among these youths was a studentsti
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ish residents in captured territori
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pair of horses we'd had since the G
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Hebrew Teachers Come to Our Town As
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In my day there were three rabbis i
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A JEWISH POSTAGE STAMP Luboml-Libiv
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THE ANCIENT LEDGER THAT WENT ASTRAY
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LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
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years old. Those trees were cared f
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of worship took upon themselves the
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LUBOML'S ECONOMIC SITUATION UP TO 1
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eal shoes walked barefoot until the
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My hometown Libivne [Luboml], is lo
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There was a Jew, Shamele Protsentni
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I came originally from Volkovisk. S
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Of all the holidays observed in our
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orchard. We often became involved i
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THE JEWS OF THE VILLAGE OF STAVKE B
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JEWISH DAUGHTER
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One of the most important instituti
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FROM DAILY LIFE 143 fir://,6- -A /)
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THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE By Yakov Hetman
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, .t. ,L., -I F.: FROM DAILY LIFE 1
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THE SYNAGOGUES AND CHASIDIM IN OUR
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The Bet HaMidrash also served as a
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interpret it all by myself. He was
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Three other houses of worship were
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SABBATH EVE IN THE SHTETL By Yitsha
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go into the rebbe's room one by one
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Whenever I reminisce about my homet
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In describing the daily life of our
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leading to the bath itself closed a
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from 150 pounds down to 100 in orde
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When the two men came to fix the wi
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1.-yr} ,.7)15r1 1.6 ',"f)') . :.1"1
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Judging him by his character, we ca
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The story of the rescue of Luboml's
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Dovid Veytsfrucht (London) was know
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then was up in years, though strict
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R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan R. MOYSHE Y
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Moyshe Fuks, Yitshak Leyb Blumen, L
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°- issue, my older brother Motl, t
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The mill and the electricity-produc
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The whole time I was in America I a
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IIinseauin a short peasant jacket m
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He was also a member of the Chevra
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son, Asher, would always come to hi
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made sheepskin winter hats called k
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E.- The scroll of Esther %IN/1311v
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CHARACTERS AND PERSONALITIES 201 Ra
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SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
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EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN LUBOML 191
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IMPORTANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES By Ye
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THE HEBREW HOME OF YAKOV BLUMEN By
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sleep and only the youth went outsi
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one side and go out on the other si
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forbade refugees in areas less than
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THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES By Yisroel L
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After that I saw many instances whe
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AS REFUGEES IN LUBOML By Rochl Melt
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OIL PRODUCTION IN THE GHETTO By Nat
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several other Jewish young men were
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THE JOURNEY FROM SPIRITUAL DESTRUCT
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Everyone joined in the hunt after t
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THE ANNIHILATION CHRONOLOGY OF DEST
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the brick factory stood and where f
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day we were still 12; todayonly one
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y the German police. Many children,
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their shovels. If they did not, the
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us, and every time we went to work
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Jews have already been taken." But
Page 285 and 286: The first Jewish victim in Libivne
Page 287 and 288: DURING THE HORRIBLE DAYS By Yakov E
Page 289 and 290: I SAW THIS WITH MY OWN EYES By Mash
Page 291 and 292: PRESS ARTICLES ABOUT THE KOVALCHUK
Page 293 and 294: From the Tog-Morgn Zhurnal, Wednesd
Page 295 and 296: attempting to appear to the Philade
Page 297 and 298: half-hour. Suddenly, an SS man with
Page 299 and 300: Shtreichera cousin to the one menti
Page 301 and 302: killed there. In spite of the dange
Page 303 and 304: FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET EZEKIE
Page 305 and 306: her two children, another of his co
Page 307 and 308: woods. Here they built bunkers in w
Page 309 and 310: RESCUED FROM THE BIG FIRE By Rochl
Page 311 and 312: Passover came and a new exterminati
Page 313 and 314: Moscowa doctor, a prosecutor and tw
Page 315 and 316: Kampyoni, who had a good relationsh
Page 317 and 318: pieces of gold with me, and he exch
Page 319 and 320: coffee house with strange men. Afte
Page 321 and 322: As soon as the Russian army left, w
Page 323 and 324: ON A UKRAINIAN PASSPORT By Shmuel a
Page 325 and 326: milk and asked me what I wanted. I
Page 327 and 328: IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH By Chaike Ko
Page 329 and 330: long as I live, I will never forget
Page 331 and 332: to him longer than with the Grimatl
Page 333 and 334: A PRISONER OF WAR WITH THE GERMANS
Page 335: The schedule was the same as in the
Page 339 and 340: NEVER SAYZOG NISHT KEINMOL!!! Parti
Page 341 and 342: FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
Page 347 and 348: IN THE GHETTO, IN THE FOREST, AND W
Page 355 and 356: AS A POLE WITH THE PARTISANS By Jos
Page 361 and 362: waited a few hours, but the Judenra
Page 367 and 368: The Germans entered Libivne in 1939
Page 369 and 370: Mendl Zilberman as a Polish soldier
Page 371 and 372: CHAYIM ROZENBLIT: PARTISAN AND SOLD
Page 373 and 374: Like all other Jewish shtetls, Libi
Page 375 and 376: My sister Freyde, the daughter of L
Page 377 and 378: Nachman Weissman (z"1.) as a soldie
Page 379 and 380: FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE By Yisroel
Page 381 and 382: THE PARENTS WHO DID NOT MAKE IT By
Page 383 and 384: THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BENEVOLENT SO
Page 385 and 386: THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
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LIBIVNER JEWS IN ARGENTINA By Zelik
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THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
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THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE
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MEMORIAL PRAYER IN MEMORY OF THE HO
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THESE ARE THE NAMES OF ALL THE HOLY
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Dimetshteyn Avrom; wife; children D
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Frimerman Moyshe; wife, Sosl; child
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Hak Binyomen; wife; children Ben-Ts
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Krelin Meyer-Chayim; wife; children
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Avrom; wife; children Pinye (Tchode
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Privner Motl; wife, Chaye; son, Eli
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Yehuda Moyshe-Yoyne; wife, Roze; so
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Tsvirn Chayim; wife, Malke; son, Sh
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Zhelaznik Beyle (from Dubenko) Zieg
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398 (Y"Y) 10711 11n733 ri4nDi -or ,
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400 Luboml, Lubomla, mko rzad., pow
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Warm, Vibrant Shtetl Life on the Br
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A Return to LubomlAnd Dark, Distant
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406 happened, where history explode
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Oct. 1, 1993 The Sheltering Sky How
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April 14, 1995 In 1938 Esther Ziege
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412 also served as a Guest Curator
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414 Luboml's embrace is expansive.
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The Road to Luboml A Writer Retrace
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418 A local official listens, refus
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420 LUBOML and shrieks: "Don't take
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422 her home to see her icons. "She
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424 Mr. Dzei has amassed a formidab
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March 30, 1996 An Effort to Restore
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GREAT BRITAIN London* Europe 1937 *
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