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246 LUBOML PSALMS 83:3-5 For, lo, Thine enemies are in an uproar; And they that hate Thee have lifted up the head. They hold crafty converse against Thy people, And take counsel against Thy treasured ones. They have said: "Come, and let us wipe them off from being a nation! That the name of Israel may be no more in remembrance.' ON THE SLAUGHTER By Chayim Nachman Bialik Arise and cry, "Revenge!" Revenge for this, the blood of little children! So Satan shall not rise again, And the blood shall curse the abyss!' 0 WOE TO YOU .. . By Y. Katsenelson 0 woe to you, a people who are murderers! 0 woe to you, my nation leveled and made still by you; And all my homes of worship burned to the ground: All my synagogues, with Jewish people in them!Yakov Awake, awake, be sanctified, 0 holy ones; Our Jewish heritage shall rise again!' EXPULSION OF THE ARMY OF DESTRUCTION By Y. Katsenelson I saw from out my window the burdened, consecrated rays; I heard them crying out for help to heaven In mighty groans of pain. Alas, you troubled rays! Ye who desire life, but cast into perdition! The horsesthey are pacing; and wheels are also rolling, spinning, whirling . . .4 'The Holy Scriptures: According to the Masoretic Text (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society,1973.) 'Translated by Mary Schulman; written by Bialik about the pogrom at Kishinev, Ukraine, in 1905. 'Translated by Mary Schulman. 4Translated by Mary Schulman.
THE ANNIHILATION CHRONOLOGY OF DESTRUCTION By Nathan Sobe! The beginning of the destruction of Luboml dates to June 22, 1941, 3 a.m., when the Nazis invaded the Soviet Union. On that day, the Germans opened up with artillery fire for the first time on our hometown. It was also on that day that the first Jewish victims fell. The Germans entered the shtetl on June 25. On that day they burned down the entire Jewish center: Miesna Street, Zhabie, Bath, Synagogue and Ribne Streets, almost the entire Chelm Street, half of Railroad (Golden) Street and half of Novy-Svyat Street. On the second day of the occupation, the Germans posted all over town the following orders for the Jews: Money, gold, stocks, and all foreign currency must be delivered to the headquarters of the commandant. Jews are permitted to be in the street between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. Jews must wear on their right sleeve a white band with a blue Star of David. By tomorrow the Jews must elect a Judenrat [Jewish Council]. Whoever does not obey the orders will be shot at once. A week later, the Germans issued an order for all Jews to gather in the marketplace. The streets were full of Ukrainian police and Gestapo. The panic among our people cannot possibly be described. Because the Judenrat had bought off the Gestapo, "only" five Jews were shot in front of all gathered. Exactly a month after the occupation began there was a sudden turmoil in the streets. We immediately understood that there was a chapun [catching Jews in the streets or in their homes]. Anyone able to hide remained alive for the time 247 being. Those who were caught, about 400 of them, were taken in Mercedes trucks beyond the town. The Gestapo then demanded whiskey and told us that the abducted Jews would come back in a couple of days. But the arrestees were then already dead. They lay under a layer of earth and a big table stood on that place, around which the murderers (the SS Gestapo and the Ukrainian policemen) were sitting and drinking to the success of the first "action." Some of the shtetl's Jews immediately realized the kind of fate the arrested Jews had met, while others still thought they were alive, as the murderers wanted them to believe. The dreadful truth became clear to all when a short time later a few Jewish boys dug up a white band with a blue Star of David. At first the Germans rationed a half-pound of bread per person, but later only those who worked got that much bread. The workers were between 12 and 60 years of age. There were constantly new laws and different conditions: if anyone had some food in the house it was taken from them, so the Jews' food allowance grew ever smaller. At times Jews swelled up from lack of food and died. And yet the gentiles rejoiced over the struggle of the Jews. Two months later there was a second chapun, which lasted a whole week. They caught men, women and children from age 11. Every day they caught Jews and took them out of town. About 500 Jews were murdered then. Whoever could do so hid in various hideouts where they would remain for a longer time (unless the Germans found them). After the second chapun a new order was given: Jews who owned horses, cows, poultry,
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ovs.4 LAO c ST. f.rx to, r POST 0.
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Previous pages: The Great Synagogue
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11. o. o , _J Jr- ,a0 _ A -;-.
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Foreword to the English Translation
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FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL YIZ
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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THE EARLY DAYS THE HISTORY OF LUBOM
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egion, robbing, plundering, and mur
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More striking is the comparison wit
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il'7t*/ l'53'Iti,1 1,1" 3, trnn,,$3
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for other local revenue. In 1611, a
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history was connected with the regi
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(May 5, 1626), he set the following
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A craftsman may not keep an apprent
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agree, he shall be punished as the
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Maidansky" and Ben-Tsiyon Datil." T
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Natanson "for making a mistake and
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Torah. At the end of his life, he m
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answer is more complicated than for
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than in any of his previous or late
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placed by the Jews of those times u
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three rabbis from Amsterdam turned
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Lubomla (1617). As usual, there fol
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Betsalel son of R. Shloyme of Kobri
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against a rival. He signs: "Declare
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and had a pleasant, modern appearan
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1 Slovnik Geografitshny Polsky. 2 D
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written that Reb Gedaliah died in 5
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earth to a great thickness on all s
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ments from the Temple [in Jerusalem
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to their villages singing hoarsely
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THE EARLY DAYS else in a store or a
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the end of Friday evening services
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Forward-looking and enlightened par
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pedestrians. It was filled with the
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synagogue, perplexed as to why they
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these bands, though the town itself
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Epshteyn, who later was replaced by
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The whole district of Libivne had,
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Lyuba Shames-Vishnits, Yehudit Tsur
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I. tr. Members of HeChalutz, 1931.
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Jewish youth were living with a gre
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WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH By Yi
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ullet hadn 't even touched him. Und
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certain extent, even into areas aro
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spread cultural activities that las
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Kochba, which ran for quite some ti
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drim.....10.0010111100.1111111101.1
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Among these youths was a studentsti
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ish residents in captured territori
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pair of horses we'd had since the G
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Hebrew Teachers Come to Our Town As
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In my day there were three rabbis i
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A JEWISH POSTAGE STAMP Luboml-Libiv
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THE ANCIENT LEDGER THAT WENT ASTRAY
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LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
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years old. Those trees were cared f
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of worship took upon themselves the
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LUBOML'S ECONOMIC SITUATION UP TO 1
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eal shoes walked barefoot until the
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My hometown Libivne [Luboml], is lo
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There was a Jew, Shamele Protsentni
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I came originally from Volkovisk. S
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Of all the holidays observed in our
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orchard. We often became involved i
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THE JEWS OF THE VILLAGE OF STAVKE B
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JEWISH DAUGHTER
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One of the most important instituti
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FROM DAILY LIFE 143 fir://,6- -A /)
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THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE By Yakov Hetman
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, .t. ,L., -I F.: FROM DAILY LIFE 1
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THE SYNAGOGUES AND CHASIDIM IN OUR
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The Bet HaMidrash also served as a
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interpret it all by myself. He was
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Three other houses of worship were
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SABBATH EVE IN THE SHTETL By Yitsha
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go into the rebbe's room one by one
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Whenever I reminisce about my homet
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In describing the daily life of our
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leading to the bath itself closed a
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from 150 pounds down to 100 in orde
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When the two men came to fix the wi
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1.-yr} ,.7)15r1 1.6 ',"f)') . :.1"1
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Judging him by his character, we ca
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The story of the rescue of Luboml's
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Dovid Veytsfrucht (London) was know
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then was up in years, though strict
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R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan R. MOYSHE Y
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Moyshe Fuks, Yitshak Leyb Blumen, L
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°- issue, my older brother Motl, t
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The mill and the electricity-produc
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The whole time I was in America I a
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IIinseauin a short peasant jacket m
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He was also a member of the Chevra
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Page 221 and 222: made sheepskin winter hats called k
Page 223 and 224: E.- The scroll of Esther %IN/1311v
Page 225 and 226: CHARACTERS AND PERSONALITIES 201 Ra
Page 227 and 228: SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
Page 231 and 232: EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN LUBOML 191
Page 233 and 234: IMPORTANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES By Ye
Page 243 and 244: THE HEBREW HOME OF YAKOV BLUMEN By
Page 251 and 252: sleep and only the youth went outsi
Page 253 and 254: one side and go out on the other si
Page 255 and 256: forbade refugees in areas less than
Page 257 and 258: THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES By Yisroel L
Page 259 and 260: After that I saw many instances whe
Page 261 and 262: AS REFUGEES IN LUBOML By Rochl Melt
Page 263 and 264: OIL PRODUCTION IN THE GHETTO By Nat
Page 265 and 266: several other Jewish young men were
Page 267 and 268: THE JOURNEY FROM SPIRITUAL DESTRUCT
Page 269: Everyone joined in the hunt after t
Page 273 and 274: the brick factory stood and where f
Page 275 and 276: day we were still 12; todayonly one
Page 277 and 278: y the German police. Many children,
Page 279 and 280: their shovels. If they did not, the
Page 281 and 282: us, and every time we went to work
Page 283 and 284: Jews have already been taken." But
Page 285 and 286: The first Jewish victim in Libivne
Page 287 and 288: DURING THE HORRIBLE DAYS By Yakov E
Page 289 and 290: I SAW THIS WITH MY OWN EYES By Mash
Page 291 and 292: PRESS ARTICLES ABOUT THE KOVALCHUK
Page 293 and 294: From the Tog-Morgn Zhurnal, Wednesd
Page 295 and 296: attempting to appear to the Philade
Page 297 and 298: half-hour. Suddenly, an SS man with
Page 299 and 300: Shtreichera cousin to the one menti
Page 301 and 302: killed there. In spite of the dange
Page 303 and 304: FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET EZEKIE
Page 305 and 306: her two children, another of his co
Page 307 and 308: woods. Here they built bunkers in w
Page 309 and 310: RESCUED FROM THE BIG FIRE By Rochl
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Page 315 and 316: Kampyoni, who had a good relationsh
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Page 319 and 320: coffee house with strange men. Afte
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As soon as the Russian army left, w
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ON A UKRAINIAN PASSPORT By Shmuel a
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milk and asked me what I wanted. I
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IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH By Chaike Ko
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long as I live, I will never forget
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to him longer than with the Grimatl
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A PRISONER OF WAR WITH THE GERMANS
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The schedule was the same as in the
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On our way, we decided to split int
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NEVER SAYZOG NISHT KEINMOL!!! Parti
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IN THE GHETTO, IN THE FOREST, AND W
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AS A POLE WITH THE PARTISANS By Jos
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waited a few hours, but the Judenra
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The Germans entered Libivne in 1939
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Mendl Zilberman as a Polish soldier
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CHAYIM ROZENBLIT: PARTISAN AND SOLD
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Like all other Jewish shtetls, Libi
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My sister Freyde, the daughter of L
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Nachman Weissman (z"1.) as a soldie
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FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE By Yisroel
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THE PARENTS WHO DID NOT MAKE IT By
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THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BENEVOLENT SO
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THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
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LIBIVNER JEWS IN ARGENTINA By Zelik
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THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE
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MEMORIAL PRAYER IN MEMORY OF THE HO
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THESE ARE THE NAMES OF ALL THE HOLY
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Dimetshteyn Avrom; wife; children D
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Frimerman Moyshe; wife, Sosl; child
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Hak Binyomen; wife; children Ben-Ts
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Krelin Meyer-Chayim; wife; children
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Avrom; wife; children Pinye (Tchode
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Privner Motl; wife, Chaye; son, Eli
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Yehuda Moyshe-Yoyne; wife, Roze; so
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Tsvirn Chayim; wife, Malke; son, Sh
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Zhelaznik Beyle (from Dubenko) Zieg
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398 (Y"Y) 10711 11n733 ri4nDi -or ,
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400 Luboml, Lubomla, mko rzad., pow
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Warm, Vibrant Shtetl Life on the Br
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A Return to LubomlAnd Dark, Distant
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406 happened, where history explode
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Oct. 1, 1993 The Sheltering Sky How
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April 14, 1995 In 1938 Esther Ziege
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412 also served as a Guest Curator
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414 Luboml's embrace is expansive.
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The Road to Luboml A Writer Retrace
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418 A local official listens, refus
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420 LUBOML and shrieks: "Don't take
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422 her home to see her icons. "She
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424 Mr. Dzei has amassed a formidab
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March 30, 1996 An Effort to Restore
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GREAT BRITAIN London* Europe 1937 *
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