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270 LUBOML ra3erna TPY,4 N.. 285 op,. 8 Dexa6PA., /963 regdpa. OHM YICPM.1114Cb 4:014.11AJE.11b4)14H WE:1 copra, nepabnt ron. Ha6r1pa, car nana.sie parnunA Oeorietai0 lionarbuy- I la rayTii a Cittlill Naimicre gowstangyg, Rothg gocam,,a, Bocenealitieitlible C PO, He JR MOT Jlwilinomcnnra Cerro. as ;MC welri,10 Aar- '..:uaTb 4,BeR;HRoa. weRy, KKK roultanUCTINeriion peciivó.iti- lo .paCttripTalfeliiiiel nlrnepottiree. no. . noropm, nua.. Ilituomy He AR. RaRa .a.rb taaaa R RR, Ciarei.e a ,ToCraroli :1110411 e octopi copal, neTinOr0 rOaa p"p"r)" " uom ObIBUMX na-rpauoa. Manny. man. onopnara o4tt3. Mecruoe cero-o.oorouau 0Xj543.S.311 10002 fkienfilf. terapia MUMMA Aleinoe Viserlie cere.e. umecre C naCraMii COB, emoit Apmau rpyrwo (-ran° un na- Ca Mee Harricome retro yate leper K°9 " atril- paeerpe.le 1010011 L/11111, Acre, craptirucho. onuorun ne.aarcaRa can. aRa,a. a Ha. uor-ropa cola 6L1.10 parr TperietrO. 51 nlery aoaoro crpoa. 110 neurrropme rpycrupo crpaTarnch Ita commarax. ,!;iireTil ea:if?, HAN ,a6Y5Y nuPBee 0.'1,61,7 1942 ro..l.tx C. RONA:Maya uprax 3.pernona.. 110111/ Br., prriax. Cpo. :ton-T.:Hrfl nu, NoTollahl eiipeCa naga'neh, 11.1 oh,.. alapshirbi Yr.., rarepa rmeo- pasne TH i,Hyc. pro narra if 2..leTilifit Cepren BO njlema Speer,/ Hare, ylila,lb/Fialti lia uya. pa. Ha Mil if ..tLIIILo._pa,gya, Wid- 3em.110 RainClt,-hltCH Hem!, .1111/011. naroM CtpO,io,ltl a 3ari,1.11,11. Hiltra rea-,Ta CemSA HOnanbayHer* er on art, 1,AOM CanealliaC51 11.le 3,7ATOCI, &a.m. u ...lee. Fl 1.101,o uenorbwom yapampruom report, lia ca pro B. A_ TptxretiriTr, time Kona...qua reran, reacp0.3ntia, a :IN, relit cc au+ e:P.,:nonoain4. nua. urn our .ranw- (30mTe. Oren AMHTININ 1Fiipu- irr nc.H »so. CU. oUlancrors 'OOiKlltittln CaerOafig, Mara 40. ;lemma. erapareAbil0 0n/5010001r nxoflqliioi ti yernepo arTen. nag, IITTOULleie. CAOROM. niAlstOrea pompA pee lt Neaupy 22 WOO ea- PyKia ripeAareneAB gposti ribirlarterb a C.a. ['M.O. (PO. canean, MO. ..13,7,114111H ri TOM tecle 14,111iyitala TOIVOCIOX. Aa.e an serocunerax. TAM yupaiddler. 11,50.4,111IM11, tIriare. Haqantict ybanctua, rpa6eam. aparroilinamil .170AbMil. folAS corra. nornu.. Corpc6oaa.. ram Hrparo. ifn tOLla ../CoNvait s etuk MeCTITIAT kroThieroinn-lipai. rornutbi 6tga ,uzittrnrri. fie narry7waan r.Orr, inie Ni Al .1.F1 om. C. linuarbuya .ren norltuencuyto ,are. b tun Cyr: aTbea Bar, cnnray. Career rpyca 6uir apoco; rterrig: 19.12.1995 ,tytcon 13 It Mt. 33.0 001001111 way errarlieR n Tbloy. haul : Kreui jane g hynier. O. BACH/16E13. ;nu, xoponifin aapanoTna. 43apanorop,, renct.rerhno. ,S..cha 1- 7 r» 111.1 (Crreg. HOPP. ..TPY14..). rnamuclbi parpeumna ¿jQOul,ti !Ili PENT EtiEll I, Ert...Mnrke 6pari. acme yGArbix. rpnUirrh. ape- 2435_ Poi MOCHBA. Ma liOlialhaV, DOM, tir) 3rift der Ehtfrsu odtr dtr heft. Ap,,horia,a; nay, era:t One yeeraTlice eAVKIITT iiparam. O Cetle tr_;..KOWaltaThltk- nnri 011 tri ;14,1,1 MailAilie1.0 nparn-1.11pior.pl. z ehe.r-L Kau cpaaiqt...p.c..ytkr. smoiouHrro, nlial .111.031 flejr oamH 0000001154. y4e,C.i nlapT0000 rtrine. ii0.:WigraTrr Ponolt, non,HH. H3 Nee Nos, vro N. Kos.", IT:fin %Ten,imtt utarry 43, Own n0004.3.14m MMC11 onos.asarenefted: lepra 3/.13m 2435. Yme. *ANN ZTOT 00003000T nonHoc3.to ero maw ttmoHc3cmoro n000O0034, .ptesama. ti tIC 13 1 Trud, December 8, 1963 as his aide. By the eyewitness reports of the majority of Luboml Jews, Kovalchuk senior served his masters well. This is what they said: The Kovalchuks especially enriched themselves from the Luboml ghetto Jews. With the permission of the Hitlerites, the police began in 1941 to drive all the Jews of the ghetto behind the town of Luboml. Almost all the 5,000 Jews of Luboml were shot by the end of 1941. Townspeople saw how S. Kovalchuk himself was conveying columns of Jews to the place to be shot and how, at the time of the arrests, took away their possessions. This is what B. L. Trachtenberg, who was saved by a miracle, tells about this (he is now in Luboml): Yellow patches were sewn on our chests and our backsmarks of shame. No one was allowed to go outside the ghetto. The police were guarding these "prisoners" day and night; theybeat up women, girls, children and old men. I will never forget October 1, 1942! That is when the shooting began in earnest. Big ditches (pits) had been dug out in preparation. They ordered the people to take off their clothes and lie face down on the ground and then shot them through their necks. I managed to run into the woods. On that night of nightmare, I lost 18 members of my family, my wife, my children. The leader of this police band should be severely punishedhe who is S. Kovalchuk. For he had participated in killing several thousands of Soviet citizens! I know that our area was in the hands of the fascists Uhde, the commandant of the death camp Erich Klaus, and his aides, officers Fochs and Kemke. The Kovalchuk brothers pretend now that they have forgotten everything. They married and had children and try to hide their past. They are
attempting to appear to the Philadelphia citizens and their Ukrainian friends as if they were Godfearing, decorous people. But these villain-brothers must be punished. Do not believe them, 0 citizens of Philadelphia. The hands of the brothers Kovalchuk are dipped in blood. Yu. Vasilyev (special correspondent of Trud) THE HANDS OF THE TRAITORS ARE DIPPED IN BLOOD! Name: Nikolai Kowaltschuk Born: 12/19/1925 Address: Kremenitz, Volhynia Position: Schutzmann (policeman) (Identity card issued to Nikolai Kowalchuk as a member of the Gestapo-appointed Ukrainian police.) THE ANNIHILATION 271 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1963 2 U.S. MEN ACCUSED OF CRIMES IN SOVIET S,erlat to The New York Time, MOSCOW, Dec. 9- -Two 'Philadelphia residents have he'en accused in the Soviet press of war crimes while serving in the German police during- the Nazi oCcupation of the Ukraine. The trade union new'spaper' Trud called for the prosecution of Serhij Rowalczuk. -I1 years old, of 224 67th Avenue:- and his brother, :Wyk('la. 37, of 193 West Fern Str.eet. It said they had a part in the liquidation of the Jewish ghetto of liyuborn', their home town in 'the western 1.7kraMe, and in the confiscation of the pmperty of the ghettos 5,000 inmates. Residents werre said ti have identified Serhij Kowalczuk as the man who convoyed columns of Jews to an execution site and confiscated their property. Neither Mykola Kowale-zuk nor his brother. Serhij, would make any comment on the charges in the Soviet press Wilt, they were reached by telephone in iheir Philadelphia homes last night
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...\* t 4 0-4. 14;51L- 4,sts,- * c4
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ovs.4 LAO c ST. f.rx to, r POST 0.
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Previous pages: The Great Synagogue
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11. o. o , _J Jr- ,a0 _ A -;-.
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Foreword to the English Translation
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FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL YIZ
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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THE EARLY DAYS THE HISTORY OF LUBOM
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egion, robbing, plundering, and mur
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More striking is the comparison wit
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il'7t*/ l'53'Iti,1 1,1" 3, trnn,,$3
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for other local revenue. In 1611, a
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history was connected with the regi
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(May 5, 1626), he set the following
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A craftsman may not keep an apprent
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agree, he shall be punished as the
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Maidansky" and Ben-Tsiyon Datil." T
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Natanson "for making a mistake and
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Torah. At the end of his life, he m
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answer is more complicated than for
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than in any of his previous or late
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placed by the Jews of those times u
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three rabbis from Amsterdam turned
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Lubomla (1617). As usual, there fol
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Betsalel son of R. Shloyme of Kobri
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against a rival. He signs: "Declare
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and had a pleasant, modern appearan
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1 Slovnik Geografitshny Polsky. 2 D
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written that Reb Gedaliah died in 5
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earth to a great thickness on all s
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ments from the Temple [in Jerusalem
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to their villages singing hoarsely
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THE EARLY DAYS else in a store or a
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the end of Friday evening services
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Forward-looking and enlightened par
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pedestrians. It was filled with the
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synagogue, perplexed as to why they
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these bands, though the town itself
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Epshteyn, who later was replaced by
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The whole district of Libivne had,
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Lyuba Shames-Vishnits, Yehudit Tsur
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I. tr. Members of HeChalutz, 1931.
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Jewish youth were living with a gre
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WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH By Yi
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ullet hadn 't even touched him. Und
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certain extent, even into areas aro
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spread cultural activities that las
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Kochba, which ran for quite some ti
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drim.....10.0010111100.1111111101.1
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Among these youths was a studentsti
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ish residents in captured territori
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pair of horses we'd had since the G
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Hebrew Teachers Come to Our Town As
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In my day there were three rabbis i
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A JEWISH POSTAGE STAMP Luboml-Libiv
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THE ANCIENT LEDGER THAT WENT ASTRAY
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LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
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years old. Those trees were cared f
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of worship took upon themselves the
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LUBOML'S ECONOMIC SITUATION UP TO 1
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eal shoes walked barefoot until the
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My hometown Libivne [Luboml], is lo
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There was a Jew, Shamele Protsentni
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I came originally from Volkovisk. S
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Of all the holidays observed in our
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orchard. We often became involved i
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THE JEWS OF THE VILLAGE OF STAVKE B
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JEWISH DAUGHTER
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One of the most important instituti
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FROM DAILY LIFE 143 fir://,6- -A /)
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THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE By Yakov Hetman
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, .t. ,L., -I F.: FROM DAILY LIFE 1
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THE SYNAGOGUES AND CHASIDIM IN OUR
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The Bet HaMidrash also served as a
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interpret it all by myself. He was
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Three other houses of worship were
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SABBATH EVE IN THE SHTETL By Yitsha
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go into the rebbe's room one by one
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Whenever I reminisce about my homet
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In describing the daily life of our
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leading to the bath itself closed a
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from 150 pounds down to 100 in orde
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When the two men came to fix the wi
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1.-yr} ,.7)15r1 1.6 ',"f)') . :.1"1
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Judging him by his character, we ca
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The story of the rescue of Luboml's
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Dovid Veytsfrucht (London) was know
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then was up in years, though strict
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R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan R. MOYSHE Y
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Moyshe Fuks, Yitshak Leyb Blumen, L
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°- issue, my older brother Motl, t
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The mill and the electricity-produc
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The whole time I was in America I a
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IIinseauin a short peasant jacket m
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He was also a member of the Chevra
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son, Asher, would always come to hi
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made sheepskin winter hats called k
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E.- The scroll of Esther %IN/1311v
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CHARACTERS AND PERSONALITIES 201 Ra
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SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
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EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN LUBOML 191
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IMPORTANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES By Ye
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Page 243 and 244: THE HEBREW HOME OF YAKOV BLUMEN By
Page 245 and 246: SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
Page 251 and 252: sleep and only the youth went outsi
Page 253 and 254: one side and go out on the other si
Page 255 and 256: forbade refugees in areas less than
Page 257 and 258: THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES By Yisroel L
Page 259 and 260: After that I saw many instances whe
Page 261 and 262: AS REFUGEES IN LUBOML By Rochl Melt
Page 263 and 264: OIL PRODUCTION IN THE GHETTO By Nat
Page 265 and 266: several other Jewish young men were
Page 267 and 268: THE JOURNEY FROM SPIRITUAL DESTRUCT
Page 269 and 270: Everyone joined in the hunt after t
Page 271 and 272: THE ANNIHILATION CHRONOLOGY OF DEST
Page 273 and 274: the brick factory stood and where f
Page 275 and 276: day we were still 12; todayonly one
Page 277 and 278: y the German police. Many children,
Page 279 and 280: their shovels. If they did not, the
Page 281 and 282: us, and every time we went to work
Page 283 and 284: Jews have already been taken." But
Page 285 and 286: The first Jewish victim in Libivne
Page 287 and 288: DURING THE HORRIBLE DAYS By Yakov E
Page 289 and 290: I SAW THIS WITH MY OWN EYES By Mash
Page 291 and 292: PRESS ARTICLES ABOUT THE KOVALCHUK
Page 293: From the Tog-Morgn Zhurnal, Wednesd
Page 297 and 298: half-hour. Suddenly, an SS man with
Page 299 and 300: Shtreichera cousin to the one menti
Page 301 and 302: killed there. In spite of the dange
Page 303 and 304: FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET EZEKIE
Page 305 and 306: her two children, another of his co
Page 307 and 308: woods. Here they built bunkers in w
Page 309 and 310: RESCUED FROM THE BIG FIRE By Rochl
Page 311 and 312: Passover came and a new exterminati
Page 313 and 314: Moscowa doctor, a prosecutor and tw
Page 315 and 316: Kampyoni, who had a good relationsh
Page 317 and 318: pieces of gold with me, and he exch
Page 319 and 320: coffee house with strange men. Afte
Page 321 and 322: As soon as the Russian army left, w
Page 323 and 324: ON A UKRAINIAN PASSPORT By Shmuel a
Page 325 and 326: milk and asked me what I wanted. I
Page 327 and 328: IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH By Chaike Ko
Page 329 and 330: long as I live, I will never forget
Page 331 and 332: to him longer than with the Grimatl
Page 333 and 334: A PRISONER OF WAR WITH THE GERMANS
Page 335 and 336: The schedule was the same as in the
Page 337 and 338: On our way, we decided to split int
Page 339 and 340: NEVER SAYZOG NISHT KEINMOL!!! Parti
Page 341 and 342: FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
Page 343 and 344: FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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IN THE GHETTO, IN THE FOREST, AND W
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AS A POLE WITH THE PARTISANS By Jos
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waited a few hours, but the Judenra
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The Germans entered Libivne in 1939
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Mendl Zilberman as a Polish soldier
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CHAYIM ROZENBLIT: PARTISAN AND SOLD
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Like all other Jewish shtetls, Libi
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My sister Freyde, the daughter of L
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Nachman Weissman (z"1.) as a soldie
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FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE By Yisroel
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THE PARENTS WHO DID NOT MAKE IT By
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THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BENEVOLENT SO
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THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
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LIBIVNER JEWS IN ARGENTINA By Zelik
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THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE
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MEMORIAL PRAYER IN MEMORY OF THE HO
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THESE ARE THE NAMES OF ALL THE HOLY
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Dimetshteyn Avrom; wife; children D
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Frimerman Moyshe; wife, Sosl; child
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Hak Binyomen; wife; children Ben-Ts
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Krelin Meyer-Chayim; wife; children
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Avrom; wife; children Pinye (Tchode
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Privner Motl; wife, Chaye; son, Eli
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Yehuda Moyshe-Yoyne; wife, Roze; so
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Tsvirn Chayim; wife, Malke; son, Sh
Page 417 and 418:
Zhelaznik Beyle (from Dubenko) Zieg
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398 (Y"Y) 10711 11n733 ri4nDi -or ,
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400 Luboml, Lubomla, mko rzad., pow
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Warm, Vibrant Shtetl Life on the Br
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A Return to LubomlAnd Dark, Distant
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406 happened, where history explode
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Oct. 1, 1993 The Sheltering Sky How
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April 14, 1995 In 1938 Esther Ziege
Page 436 and 437:
412 also served as a Guest Curator
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414 Luboml's embrace is expansive.
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The Road to Luboml A Writer Retrace
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418 A local official listens, refus
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420 LUBOML and shrieks: "Don't take
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422 her home to see her icons. "She
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424 Mr. Dzei has amassed a formidab
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March 30, 1996 An Effort to Restore
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GREAT BRITAIN London* Europe 1937 *
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