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142 LUBOML
only thing that the municipality managed to
enact was the transfer of the horse market out of
town. This, however, was no threat to the town's
Jewish economy.
Another fight loomed over the proposed removal
of the public baths from the center of the
shtetl: the stated motives behind it were hygienic
concerns and fear of fire.
Unfortunately, it cannot be said that the Poles
were entirely wrong in their claims. The Jews
ultimately recognized this, and, foreseeing their
probable defeat on this issue, suggested an alternative
planthat of building a new public bathhouse
in another location.
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Members of the municipal council: S. Royter, A. Laks,
M. Fuks, Martin Alferowich, Shimon Shor.
Such a bathhouse, with all its appurtenances,
would have cost around 40,000 zlotys. But before
the new plan could be carried out, the Polish-
German war intervened and the plan came to
naught.
There were 16 shuls and other places of
prayer under the jurisdiction of the shtetl's Jewish
community: the Great Synagogue with its
three separate little synagogues: the Stepenyer
shtibl, the Psalm-sayers shilchl [small synagogue],
and the tailors' shilchl; the beys-medresh, where
the Radziner Chasid, Dovidl Pech, taught
Mishnah; minyan misaskim; the Trisker shtibl;
the Rizhiner shtibl; the Kotsker shtibl; the Radziner
shtibl; a little shul on Chelm Street (for artisans);
the Keren Kayemet [jI\IF] shul (leaders Motl
Krayzer, Yosef Bornshteyn); Mizrachi minyan (at
Yoyne Shek's); the Linat Hatsedek minyan; the
Binyomen Etyes minyan (in the home of
Binyomen); the minyan at the home of the
Step enyer rebbe.
Besides being devoted to keeping up the
shuls and minyans, the Jews tried everything in
their power to instill Jewishness in their children.
The richer Jews sent their sons to yeshivas;
others studied in the Talmud Torah, which in my
time was headed by R. Leyb Dayan (Melamed).
The chief teacher was Moyshe Kagan. The administrative
board of the Talmud Torah consisted
of Shloyme Samet, Avrom Sheyner, Shmuel
Pregel, Yoshua Rubinshteyn (Shiye Sheyndl
Ranes).
Only the Jewish religious subjects were taught
in the Talmud Torah. Secular studies, which were
prescribed by law, were taught in the public
elementary school, housed in the same building
as the Talmud Torah. Later it was transferred to
another building on the street.
The public school had seven grades, and 600
Jewish children attended it. Though only Jewish
children went to the school, most of its teachers
were Poles. I remember some of the Jewish teachers
in the public schoolYente Kessler, Gershon
Tenenbaum, Korotke, Yakov Henik, Roze Elbling-
Shapiro, Zhenia Goldberg from Rovno, and Hershl
Greif. Yitshak Shapiro, Roze's husband, and Leybl
Goldhacker taught religion. Yente Kessler was
the school's principal for three or four years;
Korotke was also principal for a time.
A Tarbut school was established in the early
1920s. Its teachers were Palevsky, Budman,
Dubelman, and others. The Tarbut school was
followed by a private Hebrew school, established
by Yankl B lumen and Sholem Meltser. Both Yiddish
and general secular studies were taught
there. The school would put on all kinds of
children's evening performances, which met with
great success.