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354 LUBOML children to the Christian faith. Nachman was one of a small group of Jews who used to ride around in various villages, seeking out children who had been hidden by Christians. As soon as they heard of a case, they went at once to that place. It was not only difficult but dangerous, for their very lives were threatened by the peasants. Sometimes they were able to get the child by peaceful means; but sometimes they had to use force against peasants who refused to give up the children willingly. Horrible scenes would then take place. One of these cases was that of a 15-year-old boy, whom Nachman took from a gentile and brought to Warsaw. The boy told him his mother had also brought his little sister to another peasant. Having traced the man, the Jews gave him a large sum of money for the girl (10 years old by then) and took the child away. But the girl tried to run away several times. When they tried to keep her back, she would scream, "What do you want from me, you zhides [Jews]?" Nachum told me of a case where a Jewish child had to be removed by force from a Polish family because they refused to give up the child. Nachum and a bunch of youths went to the peasant's house at night, dressed as Polish police. They told the family to lie face down on the floor, using the pretext that they had come to search for hidden weapons. They warned the peasant that if he cried for help, they would burn down his house with the whole family in it. They quickly grabbed the Jewish child and rode away in an auto. About half a year later, after the child was safely in Israel, the group sent the peasant a handsome sum of money for having kept and hidden the child. When in 1948 the Arab-Jewish war broke out in Israel and the Arab nations united against the newly formed State of Israel in order to destroy it, Nachman Weissman left Poland and went to Israel, where he enlisted in the Jewish army to fight the enemy. Nachman remained in Israel, where he gradually built his own family nest. His horrorfilled experiences in the ghetto, in Soviet Russia, and his wanderings and hardships had damaged his health. It was not his fate to feel free for very long and enjoy the Jewish state and his wife and children, for he died in 1963.
FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE By Yisroel Shicht I was born in the village of Shtin, 3.5 miles from Luboml. Until I was seven I and my brother (z"1) lived in the village and my grandfather taught us. More than once I would run away from home to help my Ukrainian friends with their cattle in the pasture. When my father found out I was not studying, he feared that this might be the fate of the other children as well, and he decided to move us all to town. In Luboml I studied with children a year or two younger than I. From the age of Bar Mitzvah I studied in a yeshiva till the age of 18 and then I left to go to hachshara [training] for HaPoel HaMizrachi. In the meantime, World War II broke out. I came home and was mobilized into the Russian army just before the war between Russia and Germany broke out. I found out later that when Luboml was conquered, the Germans gathered men and told them they were needed for labor. My father was among them, and my 17-year-old brother decided to go also to help father. The Germans took the men to the Jewish cemetery and shot all of them. My mother remained with my three sisters and one brother. When the Germans liquidated the Luboml ghetto, my 14-year-old sister and 11-yearold brother succeeded in escaping the ghetto. Since our house was outside the ghetto, a Polish family named Lapotinski resided there. After the war I returned to our town and visited the Polish family in our house. They told me that they had fed my brother and sister but could not let them hide because they feared the Germans. Apparently they headed to the forests 355 and their fate was the same as the rest of the Jewish populationthey were found frozen in the forest. 2717 .1?yrily tilPy ?7 17' TODAPst ?Yin P -117 Kvt7:i rr .1a7v opprs !nap ir,VP 1)Stn mom wont, ISIS MR/ P rim 741Y PY1.1 prtnin cip170 TO? -1179319-rnin PK 01 VIICI "Inti 12:1 .2101 Opt= .rvrrt733K 7179c Amon Prt nit imply rival irnAv 1PX 1'av77., .7.ats17: nmprf 0,2 P?PK-, aPrai nin3 imp p prim? ...MIX, MCI& riP/ID 13,t"11 171? Inn .1.1t1:1P. Mitt s:7;:v =Mr Jim= rn ?y fan 1Y1'y tat 77/17: tort rm gsliatzflt rrnr? rIX71 1941 'On up, run:flP ntx .1344 ?nit 7m, NWT 1.7n by, bin? vri .1"Yr 1y3 Orr ev .0innuic -70 ,X70 173 .1717 lira -711 trprin 113 rilyni 173 ttn: ItlIttI tsra VTrIcrn nv13rt IT; 'wan» ör .111,trt .139,111 pry 'll.181, ',Iv Amin brOvr !me goon,v 1211,1110 1,71 tin tirt ti MI5 limit tnixrp tZ,It Ira/ pity Dletil InT ,t,.t.rt riX $00011'l ,Dn717 1173 711117 ITV 4/21 nritivitt rx, arlItv 1 rov Rim :rux .141 :Mtn trtritItt ti"rtr.:1 lavn ;17a7 irtnni ,OPPlita 0.1707 ??.?1311 nv,/ .,13,>trrS,1 I.) 7117 YPinr? nip ;7,917 ',raft ,r17 ?v il1 PYX *MX -rut .7131 ,1"1 371, ,I,s1 317' ,117 -13 .171411 trrsir '11}3 rilni 51.1p (rrwl-mv: rztz2) . 17 11072 VD_ (7,31317 t131173) "Iv .1,7112 Tivo /777r77mx.7 1777 .7:17t 7:pni1' artzo 1333 .tv7V :ritaar rixolv ,rror7.12:1 prmurs 73 17 livai apyi not ?X 3107 rt Imo 1131 pawl 272P fllrmilmn ;perm ,r,rt* WIRT= irrattur :Up ciao WOK ',IN i1731 v7rm 11111 5, cr1111713 13 '7117711 WTI tvrnne arit13 :mane, .13'7r1. .3713 .7117, ..tn try win y 111 p 333 713fl 133 :XV .1.,71 310: itx or VP Dry 11.7p ,v 7l7'1 trz yliary Inn wait, an= 41M rin113 'til 11113 11it71 or lir nit MP/ 17713 Or Tr 1941 rap Ity Text of a letter published in Davar in 1945, written by Avrom Getman to Yehuda Kreyn. Title: "From the Killing Pits . . . Tell them what happened . . ." Avrom Getman asked Mr. Kreyn to write to his brother, Yakov Hetman, in Eretz Yisroel. Avrom relates his horrible survival experience in Luboml and thereafter, in a very depressing and painful manner.
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...\* t 4 0-4. 14;51L- 4,sts,- * c4
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ovs.4 LAO c ST. f.rx to, r POST 0.
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Previous pages: The Great Synagogue
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11. o. o , _J Jr- ,a0 _ A -;-.
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Foreword to the English Translation
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FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL YIZ
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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THE EARLY DAYS THE HISTORY OF LUBOM
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egion, robbing, plundering, and mur
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More striking is the comparison wit
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il'7t*/ l'53'Iti,1 1,1" 3, trnn,,$3
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for other local revenue. In 1611, a
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history was connected with the regi
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(May 5, 1626), he set the following
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A craftsman may not keep an apprent
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agree, he shall be punished as the
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Maidansky" and Ben-Tsiyon Datil." T
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Natanson "for making a mistake and
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Torah. At the end of his life, he m
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answer is more complicated than for
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than in any of his previous or late
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placed by the Jews of those times u
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three rabbis from Amsterdam turned
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Lubomla (1617). As usual, there fol
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Betsalel son of R. Shloyme of Kobri
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against a rival. He signs: "Declare
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and had a pleasant, modern appearan
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1 Slovnik Geografitshny Polsky. 2 D
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written that Reb Gedaliah died in 5
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earth to a great thickness on all s
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ments from the Temple [in Jerusalem
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to their villages singing hoarsely
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THE EARLY DAYS else in a store or a
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the end of Friday evening services
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Forward-looking and enlightened par
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pedestrians. It was filled with the
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synagogue, perplexed as to why they
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these bands, though the town itself
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Epshteyn, who later was replaced by
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The whole district of Libivne had,
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Lyuba Shames-Vishnits, Yehudit Tsur
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I. tr. Members of HeChalutz, 1931.
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Jewish youth were living with a gre
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WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH By Yi
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ullet hadn 't even touched him. Und
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certain extent, even into areas aro
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spread cultural activities that las
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Kochba, which ran for quite some ti
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drim.....10.0010111100.1111111101.1
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Among these youths was a studentsti
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ish residents in captured territori
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pair of horses we'd had since the G
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Hebrew Teachers Come to Our Town As
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In my day there were three rabbis i
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A JEWISH POSTAGE STAMP Luboml-Libiv
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THE ANCIENT LEDGER THAT WENT ASTRAY
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LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
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years old. Those trees were cared f
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of worship took upon themselves the
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LUBOML'S ECONOMIC SITUATION UP TO 1
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eal shoes walked barefoot until the
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My hometown Libivne [Luboml], is lo
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There was a Jew, Shamele Protsentni
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I came originally from Volkovisk. S
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Of all the holidays observed in our
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orchard. We often became involved i
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THE JEWS OF THE VILLAGE OF STAVKE B
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JEWISH DAUGHTER
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One of the most important instituti
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FROM DAILY LIFE 143 fir://,6- -A /)
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THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE By Yakov Hetman
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, .t. ,L., -I F.: FROM DAILY LIFE 1
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THE SYNAGOGUES AND CHASIDIM IN OUR
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The Bet HaMidrash also served as a
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interpret it all by myself. He was
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Three other houses of worship were
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SABBATH EVE IN THE SHTETL By Yitsha
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go into the rebbe's room one by one
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Whenever I reminisce about my homet
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In describing the daily life of our
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leading to the bath itself closed a
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from 150 pounds down to 100 in orde
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When the two men came to fix the wi
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1.-yr} ,.7)15r1 1.6 ',"f)') . :.1"1
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Judging him by his character, we ca
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The story of the rescue of Luboml's
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Dovid Veytsfrucht (London) was know
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then was up in years, though strict
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R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan R. MOYSHE Y
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Moyshe Fuks, Yitshak Leyb Blumen, L
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°- issue, my older brother Motl, t
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The mill and the electricity-produc
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The whole time I was in America I a
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IIinseauin a short peasant jacket m
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He was also a member of the Chevra
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son, Asher, would always come to hi
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made sheepskin winter hats called k
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E.- The scroll of Esther %IN/1311v
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CHARACTERS AND PERSONALITIES 201 Ra
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SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
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EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN LUBOML 191
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IMPORTANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES By Ye
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THE HEBREW HOME OF YAKOV BLUMEN By
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sleep and only the youth went outsi
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one side and go out on the other si
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forbade refugees in areas less than
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THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES By Yisroel L
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After that I saw many instances whe
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AS REFUGEES IN LUBOML By Rochl Melt
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OIL PRODUCTION IN THE GHETTO By Nat
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several other Jewish young men were
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THE JOURNEY FROM SPIRITUAL DESTRUCT
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Everyone joined in the hunt after t
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THE ANNIHILATION CHRONOLOGY OF DEST
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the brick factory stood and where f
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day we were still 12; todayonly one
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y the German police. Many children,
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their shovels. If they did not, the
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us, and every time we went to work
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Jews have already been taken." But
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The first Jewish victim in Libivne
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DURING THE HORRIBLE DAYS By Yakov E
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I SAW THIS WITH MY OWN EYES By Mash
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PRESS ARTICLES ABOUT THE KOVALCHUK
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From the Tog-Morgn Zhurnal, Wednesd
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attempting to appear to the Philade
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half-hour. Suddenly, an SS man with
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Shtreichera cousin to the one menti
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killed there. In spite of the dange
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FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET EZEKIE
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her two children, another of his co
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woods. Here they built bunkers in w
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RESCUED FROM THE BIG FIRE By Rochl
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Passover came and a new exterminati
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Moscowa doctor, a prosecutor and tw
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Kampyoni, who had a good relationsh
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pieces of gold with me, and he exch
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coffee house with strange men. Afte
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As soon as the Russian army left, w
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ON A UKRAINIAN PASSPORT By Shmuel a
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milk and asked me what I wanted. I
Page 327 and 328: IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH By Chaike Ko
Page 329 and 330: long as I live, I will never forget
Page 331 and 332: to him longer than with the Grimatl
Page 333 and 334: A PRISONER OF WAR WITH THE GERMANS
Page 335 and 336: The schedule was the same as in the
Page 337 and 338: On our way, we decided to split int
Page 339 and 340: NEVER SAYZOG NISHT KEINMOL!!! Parti
Page 341 and 342: FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
Page 347 and 348: IN THE GHETTO, IN THE FOREST, AND W
Page 355 and 356: AS A POLE WITH THE PARTISANS By Jos
Page 361 and 362: waited a few hours, but the Judenra
Page 367 and 368: The Germans entered Libivne in 1939
Page 369 and 370: Mendl Zilberman as a Polish soldier
Page 371 and 372: CHAYIM ROZENBLIT: PARTISAN AND SOLD
Page 373 and 374: Like all other Jewish shtetls, Libi
Page 375 and 376: My sister Freyde, the daughter of L
Page 377: Nachman Weissman (z"1.) as a soldie
Page 381 and 382: THE PARENTS WHO DID NOT MAKE IT By
Page 383 and 384: THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BENEVOLENT SO
Page 385 and 386: THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
Page 387 and 388: LIBIVNER JEWS IN ARGENTINA By Zelik
Page 391 and 392: THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE
Page 397 and 398: MEMORIAL PRAYER IN MEMORY OF THE HO
Page 399 and 400: THESE ARE THE NAMES OF ALL THE HOLY
Page 401 and 402: Dimetshteyn Avrom; wife; children D
Page 403 and 404: Frimerman Moyshe; wife, Sosl; child
Page 405 and 406: Hak Binyomen; wife; children Ben-Ts
Page 407 and 408: Krelin Meyer-Chayim; wife; children
Page 409 and 410: Avrom; wife; children Pinye (Tchode
Page 411 and 412: Privner Motl; wife, Chaye; son, Eli
Page 413 and 414: Yehuda Moyshe-Yoyne; wife, Roze; so
Page 415 and 416: Tsvirn Chayim; wife, Malke; son, Sh
Page 417 and 418: Zhelaznik Beyle (from Dubenko) Zieg
Page 419: THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
Page 422 and 423: 398 (Y"Y) 10711 11n733 ri4nDi -or ,
Page 424 and 425: 400 Luboml, Lubomla, mko rzad., pow
Page 426 and 427: Warm, Vibrant Shtetl Life on the Br
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A Return to LubomlAnd Dark, Distant
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406 happened, where history explode
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Oct. 1, 1993 The Sheltering Sky How
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April 14, 1995 In 1938 Esther Ziege
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412 also served as a Guest Curator
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414 Luboml's embrace is expansive.
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The Road to Luboml A Writer Retrace
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418 A local official listens, refus
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420 LUBOML and shrieks: "Don't take
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422 her home to see her icons. "She
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424 Mr. Dzei has amassed a formidab
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March 30, 1996 An Effort to Restore
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GREAT BRITAIN London* Europe 1937 *
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