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242 LUBOML `Mayn Shtetele Brent" (My Town Is Burning), drawn by Emanuel Sela (Blushteyn), for Yizkor Book of Luboml.
THE JOURNEY FROM SPIRITUAL DESTRUCTION TO TOTAL ANNIHILATION By M. Lifshitz On September 1, 1939, war broke out between Hitler's Germany and Poland. Jews already were cognizant of what lay ahead, whether by the occupying forces or by the local population. Jewish lives became completely unprotected. In the middle of September, 12 Jews were murdered in the city by Polish soldiers who had escaped after the defeat of the Polish army and its disintegration and dispersal in the vicinity of Luboml. Those who fled the front lines, who had displayed helplessness and shameful weakness on the battlefields against the German invaders, soon turned into "heroes" by murdering the peaceful, long-suffering Jewish population, frightened and unarmed. Any Jew encountered on the street was shot and murdered on the spot without any distinction. Among those murdered were children. At the end of September, regular German forces entered the city, but they left after several days. During that period, they did not especially harm the Jews. At the beginning of October 1939, the Soviet forces arrived. At first, they instituted military rule, and almost immediately thereafter civilian rule, restoring services and bringing life back to normal. They held power in the city for 21 months, until the end of June 1941, when war broke out between them and the Germans. During the period of Soviet tule, Jewish life was not in any physical danger as such, but on a national, spiritual, and cultural level, organized annihilation was under way. Concurrent with the Soviet presence in the city, all public communal interaction, education, and national activity ceased, and all Jewish public bodies ceased 243 to exist. They closed the Hebrew and Yiddish library and banned all social and charitable activities. The poor Jews were literally dying of hunger. On the Sabbath as well as on holidays (Yom Kippur included) all Jews were obligated, even the most Orthodox among them, to show up for work. Anyone who did not, due to religious reasons, was declared an enemy of the people and a counter-revolutionary, brought to trial, and given a long prison sentence. Some Jews were jailed for doing nothing and imprisoned in faraway places within Russia. Many Jews, including young ones, received identity cards marked with the famous Russian "Paragraph 11" embossed upon it, denoting its bearer as a security risk, limiting his rights as a citizen and human being. One of the first Soviet actions was the desecration of the old Jewish cemetery, destruction of the fence surrounding it and its conversion into an unprotected area, uprooting most of the headstones and building upon it a number of tall, permanent structures and some large wood huts to be used as residences and offices. They totally destroyed the structure on the grave of the Zaddik Rav Moyshe Menales and in its place and surrounding it erected public toilets. Under normal circumstances, under Polish rule or any other legal rule, this type of action would have aroused a public storm, not only in the vicinity of the city but all over Poland and beyond. However, under the brutal Soviet regime no one dared protest this desecrationso great was the personal terror and fear they had to bear. This barbaric act of vandalism by the Sovi-
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ovs.4 LAO c ST. f.rx to, r POST 0.
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Previous pages: The Great Synagogue
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11. o. o , _J Jr- ,a0 _ A -;-.
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Foreword to the English Translation
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FIGHTERS ON THE FRONT AND IN THE FO
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FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE ORIGINAL YIZ
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN
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THE EARLY DAYS THE HISTORY OF LUBOM
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egion, robbing, plundering, and mur
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More striking is the comparison wit
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il'7t*/ l'53'Iti,1 1,1" 3, trnn,,$3
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for other local revenue. In 1611, a
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history was connected with the regi
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(May 5, 1626), he set the following
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A craftsman may not keep an apprent
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agree, he shall be punished as the
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Maidansky" and Ben-Tsiyon Datil." T
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Natanson "for making a mistake and
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Torah. At the end of his life, he m
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answer is more complicated than for
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than in any of his previous or late
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placed by the Jews of those times u
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three rabbis from Amsterdam turned
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Lubomla (1617). As usual, there fol
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Betsalel son of R. Shloyme of Kobri
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against a rival. He signs: "Declare
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and had a pleasant, modern appearan
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1 Slovnik Geografitshny Polsky. 2 D
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written that Reb Gedaliah died in 5
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earth to a great thickness on all s
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ments from the Temple [in Jerusalem
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to their villages singing hoarsely
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THE EARLY DAYS else in a store or a
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the end of Friday evening services
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Forward-looking and enlightened par
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pedestrians. It was filled with the
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synagogue, perplexed as to why they
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these bands, though the town itself
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Epshteyn, who later was replaced by
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The whole district of Libivne had,
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Lyuba Shames-Vishnits, Yehudit Tsur
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I. tr. Members of HeChalutz, 1931.
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Jewish youth were living with a gre
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WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH By Yi
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ullet hadn 't even touched him. Und
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certain extent, even into areas aro
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spread cultural activities that las
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Kochba, which ran for quite some ti
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drim.....10.0010111100.1111111101.1
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Among these youths was a studentsti
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ish residents in captured territori
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pair of horses we'd had since the G
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Hebrew Teachers Come to Our Town As
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In my day there were three rabbis i
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A JEWISH POSTAGE STAMP Luboml-Libiv
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THE ANCIENT LEDGER THAT WENT ASTRAY
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LIFE, RECONSTRUCTION, AND CREATIVIT
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years old. Those trees were cared f
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of worship took upon themselves the
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LUBOML'S ECONOMIC SITUATION UP TO 1
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eal shoes walked barefoot until the
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My hometown Libivne [Luboml], is lo
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There was a Jew, Shamele Protsentni
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I came originally from Volkovisk. S
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Of all the holidays observed in our
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orchard. We often became involved i
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THE JEWS OF THE VILLAGE OF STAVKE B
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JEWISH DAUGHTER
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One of the most important instituti
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FROM DAILY LIFE 143 fir://,6- -A /)
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THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE By Yakov Hetman
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, .t. ,L., -I F.: FROM DAILY LIFE 1
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THE SYNAGOGUES AND CHASIDIM IN OUR
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The Bet HaMidrash also served as a
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interpret it all by myself. He was
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Three other houses of worship were
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SABBATH EVE IN THE SHTETL By Yitsha
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go into the rebbe's room one by one
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Whenever I reminisce about my homet
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In describing the daily life of our
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leading to the bath itself closed a
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from 150 pounds down to 100 in orde
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When the two men came to fix the wi
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1.-yr} ,.7)15r1 1.6 ',"f)') . :.1"1
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Judging him by his character, we ca
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The story of the rescue of Luboml's
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Dovid Veytsfrucht (London) was know
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then was up in years, though strict
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R. Moyshe Yitshak Kagan R. MOYSHE Y
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Moyshe Fuks, Yitshak Leyb Blumen, L
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°- issue, my older brother Motl, t
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The mill and the electricity-produc
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The whole time I was in America I a
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Page 219 and 220: son, Asher, would always come to hi
Page 221 and 222: made sheepskin winter hats called k
Page 223 and 224: E.- The scroll of Esther %IN/1311v
Page 225 and 226: CHARACTERS AND PERSONALITIES 201 Ra
Page 227 and 228: SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL A
Page 231 and 232: EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN LUBOML 191
Page 233 and 234: IMPORTANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES By Ye
Page 243 and 244: THE HEBREW HOME OF YAKOV BLUMEN By
Page 251 and 252: sleep and only the youth went outsi
Page 253 and 254: one side and go out on the other si
Page 255 and 256: forbade refugees in areas less than
Page 257 and 258: THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES By Yisroel L
Page 259 and 260: After that I saw many instances whe
Page 261 and 262: AS REFUGEES IN LUBOML By Rochl Melt
Page 263 and 264: OIL PRODUCTION IN THE GHETTO By Nat
Page 265: several other Jewish young men were
Page 269 and 270: Everyone joined in the hunt after t
Page 271 and 272: THE ANNIHILATION CHRONOLOGY OF DEST
Page 273 and 274: the brick factory stood and where f
Page 275 and 276: day we were still 12; todayonly one
Page 277 and 278: y the German police. Many children,
Page 279 and 280: their shovels. If they did not, the
Page 281 and 282: us, and every time we went to work
Page 283 and 284: Jews have already been taken." But
Page 285 and 286: The first Jewish victim in Libivne
Page 287 and 288: DURING THE HORRIBLE DAYS By Yakov E
Page 289 and 290: I SAW THIS WITH MY OWN EYES By Mash
Page 291 and 292: PRESS ARTICLES ABOUT THE KOVALCHUK
Page 293 and 294: From the Tog-Morgn Zhurnal, Wednesd
Page 295 and 296: attempting to appear to the Philade
Page 297 and 298: half-hour. Suddenly, an SS man with
Page 299 and 300: Shtreichera cousin to the one menti
Page 301 and 302: killed there. In spite of the dange
Page 303 and 304: FROM THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET EZEKIE
Page 305 and 306: her two children, another of his co
Page 307 and 308: woods. Here they built bunkers in w
Page 309 and 310: RESCUED FROM THE BIG FIRE By Rochl
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Page 313 and 314: Moscowa doctor, a prosecutor and tw
Page 315 and 316: Kampyoni, who had a good relationsh
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pieces of gold with me, and he exch
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coffee house with strange men. Afte
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As soon as the Russian army left, w
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ON A UKRAINIAN PASSPORT By Shmuel a
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milk and asked me what I wanted. I
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IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH By Chaike Ko
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long as I live, I will never forget
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to him longer than with the Grimatl
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A PRISONER OF WAR WITH THE GERMANS
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The schedule was the same as in the
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On our way, we decided to split int
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NEVER SAYZOG NISHT KEINMOL!!! Parti
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IN THE GHETTO, IN THE FOREST, AND W
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AS A POLE WITH THE PARTISANS By Jos
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waited a few hours, but the Judenra
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The Germans entered Libivne in 1939
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Mendl Zilberman as a Polish soldier
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CHAYIM ROZENBLIT: PARTISAN AND SOLD
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Like all other Jewish shtetls, Libi
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My sister Freyde, the daughter of L
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Nachman Weissman (z"1.) as a soldie
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FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE By Yisroel
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THE PARENTS WHO DID NOT MAKE IT By
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THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BENEVOLENT SO
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THE SURVIVORS AND THE RETURN TO LIF
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LIBIVNER JEWS IN ARGENTINA By Zelik
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THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE
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MEMORIAL PRAYER IN MEMORY OF THE HO
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THESE ARE THE NAMES OF ALL THE HOLY
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Dimetshteyn Avrom; wife; children D
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Frimerman Moyshe; wife, Sosl; child
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Hak Binyomen; wife; children Ben-Ts
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Krelin Meyer-Chayim; wife; children
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Avrom; wife; children Pinye (Tchode
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Privner Motl; wife, Chaye; son, Eli
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Yehuda Moyshe-Yoyne; wife, Roze; so
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Tsvirn Chayim; wife, Malke; son, Sh
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Zhelaznik Beyle (from Dubenko) Zieg
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398 (Y"Y) 10711 11n733 ri4nDi -or ,
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400 Luboml, Lubomla, mko rzad., pow
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Warm, Vibrant Shtetl Life on the Br
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A Return to LubomlAnd Dark, Distant
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406 happened, where history explode
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Oct. 1, 1993 The Sheltering Sky How
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April 14, 1995 In 1938 Esther Ziege
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412 also served as a Guest Curator
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414 Luboml's embrace is expansive.
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The Road to Luboml A Writer Retrace
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418 A local official listens, refus
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420 LUBOML and shrieks: "Don't take
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422 her home to see her icons. "She
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424 Mr. Dzei has amassed a formidab
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March 30, 1996 An Effort to Restore
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GREAT BRITAIN London* Europe 1937 *
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