kimia-anorganik-taro-saito

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alata analitis yang lain. Kini menjadi mungkin untuk menjelaskan struktur-fungsi sampai karena akumulasi data structural senyawa anorganik telah cukup banyak. Bukan bverlebihan kiranya bila disebut revolusi kimia anorganik sedang berlangsung. Kita tungu perkembangan lebih lanjut kimia anorganik selanjutnya. Buku ini merupakan terjemahan dari versi Inggris (yang merupakan terjemahan dari versi bahasa Jepang) yang merupakan seri buku untuk mahasiswa tahun pertama dan kedua. Seri ini diterima baik di Jepang sejak publikasi pertamanya di tahun 1996 sebagai pendekatan kimia modern yang unik, kimia kini semakin dipandang sukar untuk dipelajari dalam waktu yang singkat selama studi di universitas. Buku versi internet ini dimaksudkan sebagai buku gratis untuk mahasiswa yang memiliki akses terbatas pada buku cetak dan saya berharap pembaca dapat mengambil manfaat dari buku ini. Pengarang menyampaikan terimakasih kepada Professor Yoshito Takeuchi atas usahanya merealisasikan proyek ini dan kepada Iwanami Publishing Company yang mengizinkan publikasi edisi internet tanpa mengklaim royalty. 10 Mei, 2004 Kanagawa University Taro Saito iv

ii Table of Contents 1 Unsur dan Periodisitas .................................................................................. 1 1.1 Asal-usul dan distribusi unsur .......................................................................... 1 1.2 Penemuan unsur................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Struktur elektron unsur..................................................................................... 2 1.4 Klasifikasi unsur dalam blok sistem periodik ................................................. 6 1.5 Keadaan terikat unsur....................................................................................... 7 a Unsur.................................................................................................................................7 b Senyawa molekular...........................................................................................................8 c Senyawa padat ..................................................................................................................8 d Unsur super-berat............................................................................................................10 2 Ikatan dan Struktur ..................................................................................... 11 2.1 Klasifikasi ikatan.............................................................................................. 11 2.2 Faktor geometri yang menentukan ikatan dan struktur.............................. 12 a Jari-jari atomik dan ion ...................................................................................................14 b Entalpi kisi ......................................................................................................................15 c Tetapan Madelung...........................................................................................................16 d Struktur kristal logam......................................................................................................18 e Kristal Ionik ....................................................................................................................21 f Aturan jari-jari....................................................................................................................25 g Variasi ungkapan struktur padatan..................................................................................26 2.3 Faktor elektronik yang menentukan ikatan dan struktur ........................... 28 a Muatan inti efektif...........................................................................................................28 b Energi ionisasi.................................................................................................................28 c Afinitas elektron..............................................................................................................29 d Ke-elektronegativan........................................................................................................30 e Orbital molekul ...............................................................................................................33 3 Reaksi Anorganik......................................................................................... 42 3.1 Termodinamika ................................................................................................ 42 3.2 Elektrokimia ..................................................................................................... 43 3.3 Oksidasi reduksi ............................................................................................... 46 v

ii<br />

Table of Contents<br />

1 Unsur dan Periodisitas .................................................................................. 1<br />

1.1 Asal-usul dan distribusi unsur .......................................................................... 1<br />

1.2 Penemuan unsur................................................................................................. 1<br />

1.3 Struktur elektron unsur..................................................................................... 2<br />

1.4 Klasifikasi unsur dalam blok sistem periodik ................................................. 6<br />

1.5 Keadaan terikat unsur....................................................................................... 7<br />

a Unsur.................................................................................................................................7<br />

b Senyawa molekular...........................................................................................................8<br />

c Senyawa padat ..................................................................................................................8<br />

d Unsur super-berat............................................................................................................10<br />

2 Ikatan dan Struktur ..................................................................................... 11<br />

2.1 Klasifikasi ikatan.............................................................................................. 11<br />

2.2 Faktor geometri yang menentukan ikatan dan struktur.............................. 12<br />

a Jari-jari atomik dan ion ...................................................................................................14<br />

b Entalpi kisi ......................................................................................................................15<br />

c Tetapan Madelung...........................................................................................................16<br />

d Struktur kristal logam......................................................................................................18<br />

e Kristal Ionik ....................................................................................................................21<br />

f Aturan jari-jari....................................................................................................................25<br />

g Variasi ungkapan struktur padatan..................................................................................26<br />

2.3 Faktor elektronik yang menentukan ikatan dan struktur ........................... 28<br />

a Muatan inti efektif...........................................................................................................28<br />

b Energi ionisasi.................................................................................................................28<br />

c Afinitas elektron..............................................................................................................29<br />

d Ke-elektronegativan........................................................................................................30<br />

e Orbital molekul ...............................................................................................................33<br />

3 Reaksi Anorganik......................................................................................... 42<br />

3.1 Termodinamika ................................................................................................ 42<br />

3.2 Elektro<strong>kimia</strong> ..................................................................................................... 43<br />

3.3 Oksidasi reduksi ............................................................................................... 46<br />

v

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