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Educaflie, subiectivare
øi nevoia urgentæ de a împærtæøi
Elena Crippa
Chto Delat (What is to be done): The Urgent Need to Struggle
[Chto Delat (Ce-i de fæcut), Nevoia urgentæ de a lupta]
ICA, Londra, 9 septembrie – 24 octombrie 2010
De la tentativa eøuatæ a celor de la Manifesta 6 (2006) de a întemeia o øcoalæ de
artæ experimentalæ în Nicosia, Cipru, la recenta antologie de texte a lui Paul O’Neill
øi Mick Wilson, Curating and the Educational Turn [Curatoriatul øi turnura educaflionalæ]
(2010), educaflia a devenit, de curînd, o preocupare centralæ în practicile artei
contemporane øi în expoziflii. Concomitent, în afara lumii artei, educaflia e intens
tratatæ ca un produs de lux mai degrabæ decît ca un drept la dezvoltare personalæ
øi autodeterminare. Cu siguranflæ, acesta e øi cazul Marii Britanii, unde perspectiva
pentru universitæflile locale e înlæturarea plafonærii taxelor øi crearea de cætre universitæfli
a unei piefle proprii, prin stabilirea unei serii de taxe. În timp ce studenflii – cu
experienflæ protestataræ øi ocupaflionalæ minimæ – fac încercæri timide de organizare,
ICA din Londra a fost gazda expozifliei Chto Delat (What is to be done): The Urgent
Need to Struggle [Chto Delat (Ce-i de fæcut): Nevoia urgentæ de a lupta], care atacæ
cele douæ probleme, ale educafliei øi organizærii politice, ca fiind interdependente.
Întrebarea „Øto delat“ funcflioneazæ ca o matrioøka de semnificaflii istorice øi referinfle
literare, prima datæ luînd forma unui foarte influent roman, scris, la începutul anilor
1860, de Nikolai Cernîøevski (1828–1889), o carte încæ cititæ cu regularitate în majoritatea
øcolilor publice ruseøti, întruchipatæ apoi în pamfletul politic eponim, publicat
de V. I. Lenin (1870–1924) în 1901–1902, øi, într-un final, aleasæ ca nume al colectivului
înfiinflat în 2003, la Sankt Petersburg, de un grup de artiøti, critici, filosofi
øi scriitori. Adoptînd o moøtenire de o asemenea importanflæ øi cælæuzindu-øi practicile
în jurul unei întrebæri de organizare øi intervenflie socio-politicæ, membrii colectivului
Chto Delat au dus mai departe credinfla leninistæ în artæ ca armæ de educare
socialæ øi transformare. Membrul Dmitry Vilensky øi filosoful øi activistul Gerald Raunig
au scris cæ Chto Delat „e construit în jurul problemelor producfliei de cunoaøtere,
sub forma unui proces educaflional autoorganizat“. 1 Asemenea preocupæri în privinfla
problemelor împærtæøirii-cunoaøterii øi a activitæflilor educaflionale sînt materializate
într-o varietate de proiecte øi lucræri artistice: în producerea unui ziar, crearea
de filme øi documentare, organizarea discufliilor, lecturii øi proiecfliilor øi crearea de
spaflii fizice concepute pentru a gæzdui asemenea activitæfli variate. Dintr-o perspectivæ
a organizærii, se face o trimitere explicitæ la sovietici (unitæflile revoluflionare de
muncitori autoorganizafli), ca modele pentru diferitele clase muncitoare operînd sub
umbrela Chto Delat. Din punct de vedere estetic, grupul a adoptat o constelaflie
de referinfle øi stiluri, de la tradiflia teatrului muzical al lui Bertolt Brecht, pînæ la designul
de interior constructivist al lui Alexandr Rodcenko. Atît prin numele lui, cît øi prin
activitatea de pînæ acum, colectivul rus reprezintæ, færæ îndoialæ, o mixturæ complexæ
øi stratificatæ de practici, tradiflii øi discursuri. Semnificativ, grupul preferæ sæ se defineascæ
ca o „platformæ“ mai degrabæ decît ca un „colectiv“, probabil în legæturæ cu
EDUCATION, SUBJECTIVISATION
AND THE URGENT NEED TO SHARE
Elena Crippa
Chto Delat (What is to be done): The Urgent Need to Struggle
ICA, London, 9 September – 24 October 2010
From the failed attempt of Manifesta 6 (2006) to establish an experimental
art school in Nicosia, Cyprus, to Paul O’Neill and Mick Wilson’s
recent anthology of texts Curating and the Educational Turn (2010),
education has recently become a central concern in contemporary
art practices and exhibitions. At the same time, outside the art world,
education is increasingly been treated as a luxurious commodity
rather than a right to personal development and self-determination.
This is certainly the case in the UK, where the prospect is for British
university fees cup to be removed and for universities to create a
market for themselves by establishing a range of fees. While students
– with little experience of protests and occupations – are making
timid attempts to organise, the ICA in London has been hosting
the exhibition Chto Delat (What is to be done): The Urgent Need
to Struggle, which tackles the two issues of education and political
organisation as being fully interdependent.
The question “Chto Delat” functions like a matryoshka of historical
meanings and literary references, first having taken the shape of a
highly influential novel written in the early 1860s by Nikolai Chernyshevsky
(1828–1889), a book still regularly read in most Russian public
schools; then having been embodied in the eponymous political
pamphlet published in 1901/02 by V. I. Lenin (1870–1924); and finally
having been chosen as the name of the collective founded in 2003
in Saint Petersburg by a group of artists, critics, philosophers and
writers. In adopting such an important heritage and forging their
practice around a question of socio-political organisation and intervention,
the members of the collective Chto Delat have been taking
further the Leninist belief in art as a weapon of social education and
transformation. Member Dmitry Vilensky and philosopher and activist
Gerald Raunig have written that Chto Delat “is constructed around
issues of production of knowledge in the form of a self-organised educational
process”. 1 Such concerns about issues of knowledge-sharing
and educational activities materialise in a variety of projects and artworks:
in the production of a newspaper, the making of films and
documentaries, the organisation of discussions, readings and screenings
and the creation of physical spaces conceived to host such
diverse activities. From an organisational perspective, an explicit reference
is made to the soviets (the revolutionary units of workers’ selforganisation),
as models for the different working groups operating
under the umbrella of Chto Delat. From an aesthetic point of view,
the group has adopted a constellation of references and styles, from
ELENA CRIPPA este directoare de expoziflii asociatæ a Galeriei Lisson øi face parte din colectivul curatorial londonez
RUN, care sprijinæ opera tinerilor artiøti.
ELENA CRIPPA is associate director of exhibitions at Lisson Gallery and
part of RUN, a London based curatorial collective facilitating production
and presentation of the work of young artists.
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