Evolution__3rd_Edition

Recommendations

Info

.. Probainognathus Thrinaxodon Procynosuchus Edaphosaurus Casea Dimetrodon Probelesodon Diademodon Sphenacodontids Ophiacodontids Pelycosaurs Cynognathus Regisaurus Cynodonts Mammals Therocephalians CHAPTER 18 / The History of Life 543 Gorgonopsians Therapsids Archaeothyris Dicynodonts Megazostrodon Dinocephalians Lycaenops Kingoria Anteosaurus Biarmosuchus Haptodus Ophiacodon
Page 2:
.. EVOLUTION
Page 8:
© 2004 by Blackwell Science Ltd a
Page 12:
vi Brief Contents PART 5. MACROEVOL
Page 16:
viii Full Contents 3.5 Ring “spec
Page 20:
x Full Contents 7.2 Rates of molecu
Page 24:
xii Full Contents 10.5 Genetics of
Page 28:
xiv Full Contents PART 4. EVOLUTION
Page 32:
xvi Full Contents 14.12 Identificat
Page 36:
xviii Full Contents 17.7 Geographic
Page 40:
xx Full Contents 21.4.3 Ordovician
Page 44:
Preface The theory of evolution is
Page 48:
xxiv Preface evolve resistance to d
Page 54:
.. Introduction Part one When Darwi
Page 60:
4 PART 1 / Introduction Evolution i
Page 64:
6 PART 1 / Introduction Examples ex
Page 68:
8 PART 1 / Introduction Time (a) (b
Page 72:
10 PART 1 / Introduction . . . look
Page 76:
12 PART 1 / Introduction Time (a) (
Page 80:
14 PART 1 / Introduction Figure 1.7
Page 84:
Page 88:
18 PART 1 / Introduction . . . and
Page 92:
20 PART 1 / Introduction Further re
Page 96:
22 PART 1 / Introduction DNA is car
Page 100:
24 PART 1 / Introduction Most genes
Page 104:
26 PART 1 / Introduction Table 2.1
Page 108:
28 PART 1 / Introduction Original D
Page 112:
30 PART 1 / Introduction (a) Transp
Page 116:
32 PART 1 / Introduction . . . per
Page 120:
34 PART 1 / Introduction Dominance
Page 124:
Page 128:
Page 132:
Figure 2.11 Two populations with 10
Page 136:
42 PART 1 / Introduction Study and
Page 140:
44 PART 1 / Introduction Life could
Page 144:
Page 148:
48 PART 1 / Introduction Tooth qual
Page 152:
50 PART 1 / Introduction Artificial
Page 156:
52 PART 1 / Introduction Ring speci
Page 160:
54 PART 1 / Introduction Human obse
Page 164:
Page 168:
58 PART 1 / Introduction 5' pG Anti
Page 172:
Page 176:
62 PART 1 / Introduction (a) α-hem
Page 180:
64 PART 1 / Introduction Age (Myr a
Page 184:
66 PART 1 / Introduction The groups
Page 188:
68 PART 1 / Introduction The scient
Page 192:
70 PART 1 / Introduction Study and
Page 196:
Plate 3 Here in the lower row are s
Page 200:
Plate 6 Scrub jays (Aphelocoma coer
Page 204:
Plate 8 Chromosomal races of the ho
Page 208:
Plate 10 Geological map of North Am
Page 212:
72 PART 1 / Introduction Cod produc
Page 216:
74 PART 1 / Introduction The strugg
Page 220:
76 PART 1 / Introduction Many chara
Page 224:
Page 228:
Page 232:
82 PART 1 / Introduction Chromosome
Page 236:
Page 240:
86 PART 1 / Introduction The condit
Page 244:
Page 248:
90 PART 1 / Introduction Summary 1
Page 254:
.. Evolutionary Genetics Part two T
Page 258:
.. 5 The Theory of Natural Selectio
Page 262:
.. Figure 5.1 The general model of
Page 266:
.. . . . and use Mendel’s rules t
Page 270:
.. A simpler proof of the Hardy- We
Page 274:
.. The MN human blood group system
Page 278:
.. CHAPTER 5 / The Theory of Natura
Page 282:
.. We need to know more to understa
Page 286:
.. Figure 5.4 Peppered moths natura
Page 290:
.. Mark-recapture experiments sugge
Page 294:
.. Manchester The fitness estimates
Page 298:
.. Pests, such as mosquitoes, evolv
Page 302:
.. Figure 5.8 The mortality of mosq
Page 306:
.. Box 5.2 Resistance Management Th
Page 310:
.. Other factors will be at work in
Page 314:
.. . . . which can sometimes be use
Page 318:
.. Figure 5.9 The global incidence
Page 322:
.. In host-parasite relations, the
Page 326:
.. Populations may be subdivided CH
Page 330:
.. We construct a model of gene fre
Page 334:
.. We construct a model of selectio
Page 338:
.. Further reading CHAPTER 5 / The
Page 342:
.. 6 Random Events in Population Ge
Page 346:
.. Box 6.1 Random Sampling in Genet
Page 350:
.. Probability of polymorphism 1.0
Page 354:
.. Evolution can occur by random dr
Page 358:
.. Random drift has consequences fo
Page 362:
.. Generation 1 Generation2 Adults
Page 366:
.. CHAPTER 6 / Random Events in Pop
Page 370:
.. Heterozygosity ( H ) 1.0 0.9 0.8
Page 374:
.. Summary 1 In a small population,
Page 378:
.. 7 Natural Selection and Random D
Page 382:
.. Two extreme views b selectionist
Page 386:
.. The original neutral theory has
Page 390:
.. . . . and levels of polymorphism
Page 394:
.. homozygotes by normal Mendelian
Page 398:
.. Amino acid differences 1.0 0.9 0
Page 402:
.. Globin evolution in “living fo
Page 406:
.. Long-generation species, e.g., w
Page 410:
.. Observed heterozygosity 1.0 0.8
Page 414:
.. The nearly neutral theory can ex
Page 418:
.. Insulin illustrates the effect o
Page 422:
.. CHAPTER 7 / Natural Selection an
Page 426:
.. Biologists came to accept, throu
Page 430:
.. Elevated dN/dS ratios are observ
Page 434:
.. Box 7.4 Model Organisms for Biom
Page 438:
.. But the test has proved illumina
Page 442:
.. Evidence shows that synonymous c
Page 446:
.. The genomic era is allowing new
Page 450:
.. Summary 1 The neutral theory of
Page 454:
.. Study and review questions 1 Dra
Page 458:
.. The tiger swallowtail butterfly
Page 462:
.. Mimicry requires the correct com
Page 466:
.. A haplotype is a haploid combina
Page 470:
.. Linkage disequilibrium ( D) r =
Page 474:
.. The more complex multilocus mode
Page 478:
.. Expected frequency ( piqi ) (a)
Page 482:
.. A model of haplotype frequency c
Page 486:
.. Evidence for linkage disequilibr
Page 490:
.. (proportion of polymorphic sites
Page 494:
.. CHAPTER 8 / Two-locus and Multil
Page 498:
.. Adaptive topographies can be use
Page 502:
.. Mean population fitness ( w ) -
Page 506:
.. p' 0 1 0 Frequency of A allele S
Page 510:
.. Study and review questions 1 Her
Page 514:
.. Beak size influences feeding eff
Page 518:
.. Population size Seed √depth ×
Page 522:
.. Continuous characters are influe
Page 526:
.. Genetic and environmental influe
Page 530:
.. Several non-additive genetic fac
Page 534:
.. Box 9.1 Some Statistical Terms U
Page 538:
.. Parent-offspring similarity depe
Page 542:
.. Frequency Frequency Generation 1
Page 546:
.. New variation can be introduced
Page 550:
.. (a) 1976-1977 (b) 1981-1982 (c)
Page 554:
.. Figure 9.11 (a) The main veins i
Page 558:
.. Certain non-linear relations can
Page 562:
.. Behavior Physiology Life history
Page 566:
.. Some heritable characters do not
Page 570:
.. Further reading CHAPTER 9 / Quan
Page 574:
.. Adaptation and Natural Selection
Page 578:
.. 10Adaptive Explanation T his cha
Page 582:
.. . . . factually, ... . . . or th
Page 586:
.. Not all evolution is adaptive CH
Page 590:
.. Figure 10.2 Stages in the evolut
Page 594:
.. Some critics suggest that the in
Page 598:
.. Box 10.1 Molecular Cooption The
Page 602:
.. Fitness (a) (b) Small mutation L
Page 606:
.. Figure 10.5 A cross between the
Page 610:
.. . . . by experiment, ... . . . a
Page 614:
.. Figure 10.6 The fruits of (a) Cr
Page 618:
.. Heterozygous advantage may lead
Page 622:
.. Figure 10.7 Developmental asymme
Page 626:
.. . . . that can be tested between
Page 630:
.. Fitness (a) Time 1 (b) Time 2 (c
Page 634:
.. Fitness Fitness (a) Time 1 (c) T
Page 638:
.. Imperfect adaptations may or may
Page 642:
.. The “design” of an eye for s
Page 646:
.. hypothesis of adaptation or cons
Page 650:
.. Study and review questions 1 Wha
Page 654:
.. An adaptation may benefit one le
Page 658:
.. The sd gene gains an advantage f
Page 662:
.. CHAPTER 11 / The Units of Select
Page 666:
.. We define Hamilton’s rule Hami
Page 670:
.. Kin selection is at work in this
Page 674:
.. Selfish The theories of group se
Page 678:
.. Box 11.1 Group Selection for Egg
Page 682:
.. The unit of selection, in a seco
Page 686:
.. * * The word “gene” is being
Page 690:
.. Summary 1 Adaptations evolve by
Page 694:
.. in Sexual Reproduction 12Adaptat
Page 698:
.. Figure 12.2 Non-reproductive sex
Page 702:
.. Figure 12.3 Evolution in (a) ase
Page 706:
.. Asexual reproduction has a spind
Page 710:
.. . . . as illustrated by a motor
Page 714:
.. Log fitness of organisms Number
Page 718:
.. Figure 12.7 Frequency changes of
Page 722:
.. Genetic cycles in snails are con
Page 726:
.. Darwin provided comparative evid
Page 730:
.. . . . which may explain extreme
Page 734:
.. Theory requires open-ended choic
Page 738:
.. But selection may have removed h
Page 742:
.. Courtship bouts Net reproductive
Page 746:
.. Theory predicts deviations from
Page 750:
.. CHAPTER 12 / Adaptations in Sexu
Page 754:
.. Study and review questions 1 Wha
Page 760:
346 PART 4 / Evolution and Diversit
Page 764:
Page 768:
Page 772:
Page 776:
Page 780:
Page 784:
Page 788:
Page 792:
Page 796:
Page 800:
Page 804:
Page 808:
Page 812:
Page 816:
Page 820:
Page 824:
Page 828:
Page 832:
Page 836:
Page 840:
Page 844:
Page 848:
Page 852:
Page 856:
Page 860:
Page 864:
Page 868:
Page 872:
Page 876:
Page 880:
Page 884:
Page 888:
Page 892:
Page 896:
Page 900:
Page 904:
Page 908:
Page 912:
Page 916:
Page 920:
Page 924:
Page 928:
Page 932:
Page 936:
Page 940:
Page 944:
Page 948:
Page 952:
Page 956:
Page 960:
Page 964:
Page 968:
Page 972:
Page 976:
Page 980:
Page 984:
Page 988:
Page 992:
Page 996:
Page 1000:
Page 1004:
Page 1008:
Page 1012:
Page 1016:
Page 1020:
Page 1024:
Page 1028:
Page 1032:
Page 1036:
Page 1040:
Page 1044:
Page 1048:
Page 1052:
17Evolutionary Biogeography B iogeo
Page 1056:
Page 1060:
Page 1064:
Page 1068:
Page 1072:
Page 1076:
Page 1080:
Page 1084:
Page 1088:
Page 1092:
Page 1096:
Page 1100:
Page 1104: 518 PART 4 / Evolution and Diversit
Page 1108: 520 PART 4 / Evolution and Diversit
Page 1112: 522 PART 5 / Macroevolution looked
Page 1116: 524 PART 5 / Macroevolution Fossili
Page 1120: 526 PART 5 / Macroevolution Era Per
Page 1124: 528 PART 5 / Macroevolution N = N 0
Page 1128: 530 PART 5 / Macroevolution Early l
Page 1132: 532 PART 5 / Macroevolution Cells h
Page 1138: .. Multicellular life originated ov
Page 1142: .. Present ~540 Myr ~1,200 Myr Echi
Page 1146: .. Figure 18.8 The rise of the angi
Page 1150: .. Figure 18.9 The origin of tetrap
Page 1156: 544 PART 5 / Macroevolution Figure
Page 1160: 546 PART 5 / Macroevolution Changes
Page 1164: 548 PART 5 / Macroevolution Myr ago
Page 1168: 550 PART 5 / Macroevolution Genetic
Page 1176: 554 PART 5 / Macroevolution Further
Page 1180: 19Evolutionary Genomics T he comple
Page 1184: 558 PART 5 / Macroevolution Some hu
Page 1188: 560 PART 5 / Macroevolution Molecul
Page 1192: 562 PART 5 / Macroevolution Superfl
Page 1196: 564 PART 5 / Macroevolution (a) Gen
Page 1204:
568 PART 5 / Macroevolution Transpo
Page 1208:
570 PART 5 / Macroevolution Summary
Page 1212:
Developmental Biology 20Evolutionar
Page 1216:
574 PART 5 / Macroevolution Figure
Page 1220:
Page 1224:
Page 1228:
580 PART 5 / Macroevolution The Hox
Page 1232:
582 PART 5 / Macroevolution The num
Page 1236:
584 PART 5 / Macroevolution Mouse C
Page 1240:
586 PART 5 / Macroevolution A gene
Page 1244:
Page 1248:
21Rates of Evolution E volutionary
Page 1252:
592 PART 5 / Macroevolution Time (M
Page 1256:
594 PART 5 / Macroevolution Table 2
Page 1260:
596 PART 5 / Macroevolution . . . a
Page 1264:
598 PART 5 / Macroevolution (a) 5 B
Page 1268:
Page 1272:
602 PART 5 / Macroevolution Apparen
Page 1276:
Page 1280:
606 PART 5 / Macroevolution Discret
Page 1284:
Page 1288:
Page 1292:
612 PART 5 / Macroevolution Further
Page 1296:
Page 1300:
616 PART 5 / Macroevolution Full ev
Page 1304:
Page 1308:
620 PART 5 / Macroevolution . . . o
Page 1312:
622 PART 5 / Macroevolution One stu
Page 1316:
624 PART 5 / Macroevolution Box 22.
Page 1320:
626 PART 5 / Macroevolution Table 2
Page 1324:
628 PART 5 / Macroevolution Nematod
Page 1328:
630 PART 5 / Macroevolution The cop
Page 1332:
Page 1336:
634 PART 5 / Macroevolution Carnivo
Page 1340:
Page 1344:
638 PART 5 / Macroevolution Number
Page 1348:
640 PART 5 / Macroevolution Coevolu
Page 1352:
642 PART 5 / Macroevolution Study a
Page 1356:
644 PART 5 / Macroevolution Adaptiv
Page 1360:
646 PART 5 / Macroevolution Extinct
Page 1364:
648 PART 5 / Macroevolution . . . b
Page 1368:
Tertiary Lower Danian Cretaceous Up
Page 1372:
652 PART 5 / Macroevolution The ast
Page 1376:
654 PART 5 / Macroevolution 10 6 ye
Page 1380:
656 PART 5 / Macroevolution Extinct
Page 1384:
658 PART 5 / Macroevolution Darwin
Page 1388:
660 PART 5 / Macroevolution (a) Ext
Page 1392:
Page 1396:
664 PART 5 / Macroevolution Hansen
Page 1400:
666 PART 5 / Macroevolution Taxa wi
Page 1404:
668 PART 5 / Macroevolution Fossil
Page 1408:
670 PART 5 / Macroevolution One gro
Page 1412:
672 PART 5 / Macroevolution Molecul
Page 1416:
674 PART 5 / Macroevolution Changes
Page 1420:
676 PART 5 / Macroevolution . . . o
Page 1424:
Page 1428:
680 PART 5 / Macroevolution (2002),
Page 1432:
Glossary Words in italics cross-ref
Page 1436:
684 Glossary individuals, such as p
Page 1440:
686 Glossary isolating mechanism An
Page 1444:
688 Glossary random drift Synonym o
Page 1448:
Answers to Study and Review Questio
Page 1452:
692 Answers to Study and Review Que
Page 1456:
Page 1460:
Page 1464:
Page 1468:
700 References Arnold, M.L. (1997).
Page 1472:
702 References Briggs, D.E.G. & Cro
Page 1476:
704 References Clarke, C.A., Sheppa
Page 1480:
706 References Dietl, G.P., Alexand
Page 1484:
708 References Flynn, J.J. & Wyss,
Page 1488:
710 References Grant, P.R. & Grant,
Page 1492:
712 References Hey, J. (2001). Gene
Page 1496:
714 References Jeffreys, A.J., Royl
Page 1500:
716 References Kruuk, L.E.B., Meril
Page 1504:
718 References MacFadden, B.J. (199
Page 1508:
720 References Milinkovitch, M.C.,
Page 1512:
722 References Orr, H.A. (1998). Th
Page 1516:
724 References Rice, W.R. (2002). E
Page 1520:
726 References Sequeira, A.S., Lant
Page 1524:
728 References Surlyk, F. & Johanse
Page 1528:
730 References Vrba, E.S. (1993). T
Page 1532:
732 References Wright, S. (1977). E
Page 1536:
734 Index angiosperms (cont.): inse
Page 1540:
736 Index coloration (cont.): prezy
Page 1544:
738 Index evolution (cont.): long-t
Page 1548:
740 Index genetics (cont.): charact
Page 1552:
742 Index immunoglobulins 24 immuno
Page 1556:
744 Index molecular distance 440-2
Page 1560:
746 Index parasites (cont.): genome
Page 1564:
748 Index reproductive development
Page 1568:
750 Index synonymous changes (cont.
show all

Evolution__3rd_Edition

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?