Working Life Barometer in the Baltic Countries 2002 (pdf) - mol.fi

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clearly higher than in the other two countries under comparison. Also for Latvian
women, the proportion of black income has definitely grown. In Lithuania,
especially the percentage of those getting occasional black income has
risen, and for women in particular. Lithuanian men receive such income seldom
compared with Estonian and Latvian men.
Black income is primarily a problem of the private sector in all three countries.
In the public sector, such wages are paid very rarely in comparison with the
private sector. The percentage is significant only in Latvia. Not a single one of
the Estonian public-sector workers said that they received black income
monthly, and only two per cent stated that they received it even sometimes.
40%
30%
20%
10%
26%
BLACK INCOME 1998 AND 2002 BY SECTOR
ESTONIA LATVIA LITHUANIA
14%
8%
2%
26%
32%
0%
1998 2002 1998 2002 1998 2002 1998 2002 1998 2002 1998 2002
Private sector Public sector Private sector Public sector Private sector Public sector
5%
9%
11%
Every month
Sometimes
In the private sector in Latvia, about one-third said that they had received
black income, and even in Lithuania the proportion is nearly one-fifth. The
increase in Lithuania has been marked. The trend in Estonia, though, differs in
direction from that of the other two countries. There, also in the private sector,
black income has diminished very noticeably during the three years. In particular
the percentage of regular black income, paid monthly, has fallen.
18%
3%
4%