Working Life Barometer in the Baltic Countries 2002 (pdf) - mol.fi

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265 are clearly used more seldom as working tools in Lithuania than in Estonia and Latvia. The wage earners' increased possibilities of influencing their job tasks and their working pace constitute a positive factor. Around half of all the wage earners felt that for them the possibilities in question were either extremely good or rather good. These proportions have definitely grown in recent years. In this aspect as well, there are great differences between those in the public and the private sector. The public-sector wage earners clearly have greater possibilities for such influence. SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS Unionisation The rate of unionisation has slightly increased. Contracts - The proportion of fixed-term contracts is high but stable. - The proportion of illegal oral contracts ESTONIA LATVIA LITHUANIA has decreased. Working hours ‘Normalisation’ trend in weekly working hours. Pay - The differences in net income between the genders have decreased. The gap is now 30 %. - Delays in payment are becoming rather rare. The rate of unionisation has decreased, but it is still the highest in the Baltic countries. The proportion of fixed-term contracts and illegal oral contracts is the highest in the Baltic countries. The weekly working hours are the longest in the Baltic countries. - The net income growth has been clearly greater than in the other Baltic countries. - The black economy is a severe problem and has The rate of unionisation has decreased and it is lower than in Estonia and Latvia. - The proportion of fixed-term contracts has increased. - The proportion of illegal oral contracts has decreased. Private sector (female) employees’ working hours have lengthened a lot. - The differences in net income between the genders are smaller than in Estonia and Latvia. - The problem of delayed payments has considerably in-
266 Job satisfaction Job satisfaction has increased, being the highest in the Baltic countries. Employees’ possibilities for influence Employees have clearly fewer possibilities of influencing their job tasks and work tempo than employees in Latvia and Lithua- nia. Stress at work - There is a trend towards ‘normalisation’ in work intensity. - Women suffer mental stress more often than men. Conflicts - All types of workplace conflicts occur less than in Latvia and Lithuania. - There have been no changes in the Job-related training Use of information technology at work last three years. During a period of one year, 26 % of working people participated in training. Average length: 5 days. - One-fifth of working people use ICT (almost) continually at work. - ICT devices are the most generally used in the Baltic countries. increased. creased. There is a declining trend in job satisfaction, relations between colleagues, and in atmosphere at workplaces. Half of the employees have at least rather good possibilities of influencing their jobs. - The work intensity is still the highest in the Baltic countries. - Women suffer mental stress more often than men. A worrying trend: all types of workplace conflicts have become more widespread. During a period of one year, 22 % of working people participated in training. Average length: 7 days. One-fifth of working people use ICT (almost) continually at work. Female privatesector employees are the most dissatisfied with their jobs. A great disparity: public-sector employees have clearly more autonomy than private-sector people, and women have more than men. - There has been a significant increase in work intensity. - Women suffer mental stress more often than men. - Rivalry within workplaces has become a big problem. - The trend in conflicts is contradic- tory. During a period of one year, 22 % of working people participated in training. Average length: 7 days. As many as _ of working people are practically outside the realm of ICT at work. The proportion is the greatest in the Baltic countries.
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247 LABOUR POLICY STUDIES Juha Anti
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FOREWORD The working life barometer
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SUMMARY This research study is the
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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2 of the state was part of the deve
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4 to; and, in fact, it can be very
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6 PART ONE COUNTRY ESSAYS
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8 Industries: Food, textile, wearin
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10 Since the beginning of the 1990s
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12 As the number of working age pop
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14 2001 the unemployment rate of th
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16 In addition to unemployment bene
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18 the average wage is higher than
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20 proceeding from its economic opp
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LATVIA Jevg_nija Sviridenkova Senio
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24 improved, the institutional set-
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26 Once a year a taxpayer is allowe
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28 The legal framework for enterpri
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30 The aim of economic policy of th
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32 exchange rate ensures stable pri
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34 age population will not fall tha
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36 favourable conditions for invest
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38 conditions for investment and th
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40 The key elements of health promo
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42 Most of the higher educational i
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44 financial intermediation 96 015
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LITHUANIA 46 Gintare Buzinskaite Se
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48 The main legal act is the Consti
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50 According to the data of the cen
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52 money transfer from the EU will
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54 In 1997 the Government of Lithua
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56 without children had the biggest
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58 pensioners work. There were 67.7
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60 The biggest number of job vacanc
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62 Confederation of Lithuanian Indu
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64 Lithuania’s economy is growing
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66 In this section, we will examine
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68 other two countries, and so the
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50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 25% 70 UNION
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72 Trade union representation at th
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74 In any case, the proportion of u
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40% 20% 0% -20% -40% 32% -22% 76 OP
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78 to the trade union movement. In
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80 working hours, the same things w
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82 Lithuania. However, only 15 % of
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…at the workplace together with c
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86 NEGOTIATIONS ON EMPLOYEES' SAFET
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88 more collectivity in negotiation
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SALARY PAYMENT BASIS 90 ESTONIA LAT
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92 Baltic countries are often agree
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94 make the same purchase in Estoni
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96 In this way, the salary distribu
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WOMEN'S AND MEN'S NET SALARIES, 199
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100 The net salaries in the private
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102 women's salaries have improved
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104 portion in 2002 measured by the
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106 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
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108 erage salaries have fallen by 1
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LITHUANIA 110 The rise in consumer
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New workplaces Reorganised Old work
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114 taken into account, Lithuania's
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116 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
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118 In Estonia and Latvia the reorg
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120 MEDIAN SALARY IN 1998 AND 2002
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122 WAGE EARNERS' OWN ESTIMATE OF C
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124 ing people, the managers trust
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126 tively small, and so their sign
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128 clearly higher than in the othe
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130 The most problematic situation
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WEEKLY WORKING HOURS Estonia 132 Th
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134 mainstream in Latvia, since the
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136 Weekly working hours in Lithuan
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138 WORKING OVERTIME DURING A NORMA
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140 Unpaid overtime is more typical
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142 and why do they accept the prev
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EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS 144 The trends
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146 of no significance: in practice
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148 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYEES WHO HAV
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150 STRESS FACTORS AND CONFLICTS In
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152 nia has become much more demand
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154 Mean work intensity values (Sca
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60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% Durin
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LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
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160 In 2002 in Latvia and Estonia,
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LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
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164 Work safety in Latvia is seen a
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CONFLICTS 166 To finish this chapte
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168 In the question of conflicts, E
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170 may be a sign of efficiency; bu
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172 The workers' possibilities of i
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174 sumed that the question of sect
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176 two Baltic countries. This shou
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178 and the private sectors, though
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180 the individuals are allowed to
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JOB SATISFACTION 182 When working p
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100% 50% 0% -50% -100% 78% 78% -22%
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186 mosphere assessment between the
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188 aspects are enquired about: 1)
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190 public-sector workers are a lit
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192 sector, where nearly three-quar
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20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 15% 16% 194 THE P
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196 home in connection with their m
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198 ised by way of information netw
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 200 PERSONA
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202 spects is (naturally) the same
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204 tries. Under half (43 %) of all
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206 The ageing workers, therefore,
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208 information technology are grow
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210 PARTICIPATED IN TRAINING PAID B
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212 problem category in Finland are
Page 223 and 224: 214 DEVELOPMENT OF WORK ORGANISATIO
Page 225 and 226: 216 of, room and opportunities shou
Page 227 and 228: 218 been set up, with the aim of pl
Page 229 and 230: 220 PART THREE CURRENT TRENDS AND F
Page 231 and 232: 222 WORKING LIFE TRENDS IN ESTONIA,
Page 233 and 234: 224 HOW HAVE ASSESSMENTS OF WORKING
Page 235 and 236: MEN AND WOMEN 226 The changes takin
Page 237 and 238: 228 Greatest changes 1998 - 2002: E
Page 239 and 240: 230 TRENDS IN ESTONIAN WORKING LIFE
Page 241 and 242: LATVIA 232 The attitudes of the Lat
Page 243 and 244: 234 men have taken a somewhat more
Page 245 and 246: 236 In the oldest age group, there
Page 247 and 248: Meaningfulness Equality Environment
Page 249 and 250: MEN AND WOMEN 240 The increased neg
Page 251 and 252: 242 UNDER 30 YEARS Greatest changes
Page 253 and 254: 244 trend expectations can indeed b
Page 255 and 256: Meaningfulness Equality Environment
Page 257 and 258: 248 is particularly great. In the v
Page 259 and 260: 250 EXPECTATIONS: ECONOMY OF OWN WO
Page 261 and 262: 252 At the new workplaces establish
Page 263 and 264: 254 DISCUSSION: DIVERGING DEVELOPME
Page 265 and 266: 256 favourable direction and the de
Page 267 and 268: 258 A trend toward normalisation ca
Page 269 and 270: 260 ment staff. It is, in a way, na
Page 271 and 272: 262 still some big changes ahead fo
Page 273: 264 the salary due from their main
Page 277 and 278: REFERENCES 268 Alasoini, T.: Suomal
Page 279 and 280: 270 http://www.stat.fi/tk/tp/maailm
Page 290: DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLE DESIGN C
Page 320 and 321: 33. Korkiasaari, Jouni: Siirtolaisi
Page 322 and 323: 110. Aarne Mattila: Cooperation and
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179. Osmo Rahikainen, Pekka Ylösta
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243. Matti Vartiainen, Christina Sw
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