Working Life Barometer in the Baltic Countries 2002 (pdf) - mol.fi

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221 This chapter will first discuss working people's assessments of trends in several dimensions of working life in January-February 2002. The workers are aware of their working conditions through their own experiences, and changes in particular are noticed very easily. Is the direction of change good or bad, or is the situation staying the same as before? Subjective estimates of the trends have proved especially sensitive 'barometers' for forecasting changes imminent in the near future. The directions of change were also evaluated in the barometer study of three years ago, and so now the situations prevailing at the different times can be compared. In addition to current changes, the Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians have assessed how the economic situation at their own workplace, as well as the employment situation in the whole country, will develop during the next 12 months. These expectations can be compared with those of three years ago, and then it will be possible to compare whether the atmosphere at the workplaces has changed and in what direction. IN WHAT DIRECTION IS WORKING LIFE CHANGING? It is very usual to discuss changes in working life. One often hears opinions being expressed on how working is becoming more - or less - meaningful than before. Various viewpoints are put forward about ease of obtaining information at the workplaces. It is asked: what has happened to empowerment? The following chapter presents evaluations of the trends in altogether seven aspects connected with everyday life at the workplace at the time of the interview. Things can be changing for the better or for the worse. The third possible alternative – that things have stayed the same as before – has been left out of the graphs below, because they show the so-called balance values. These have been obtained by taking the percentage who assess the trend as being for the better, and subtracting from it the percentage who hold the opposite view. If everyone were of the opinion that the changes were going in a better direction than earlier, then the balance value would be +100. If all assessed the trend as being for the worse, the balance value would be –100.
222 WORKING LIFE TRENDS IN ESTONIA, LATVIA, LITHUANIA, ST. PETERSBURG (1996) AND FINLAND Balances* Meaningfulness of working Self-development Management method Environmental issues Empowerment in own job Information on work aims Gender equality -30% * St. Petersburg 1996 -20% -10% Lithuania 2002 Estonia 2002 Latvia 2002 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Balance = better direction (%-units) minus worse direction (%-units) Finland 2002 For comparison, this graph includes data for St. Petersburg from 1996 and for Finland from autumn 2002. These show that the differences between countries can be really large. All the trend assessments for the Baltic nations clearly come closer to those for Finland than to those for St. Petersburg, which differ very greatly from the other countries under comparison. Only where meaningfulness of working was concerned were the views of the Finnish wage earners close to the views of those from St. Petersburg. In this aspect, there is a big gap between them and all three Baltic countries. The greatest difference between Finland and the Baltic countries concerns the evaluation of changes in environmental issues and, on the other hand, in the meaningfulness of working. Views on the way environmental questions are handled at the workplace are considerably more positive in Finland than in Lithuania, Latvia or also Estonia. A third difference that emerges between Finland and the Baltic countries is that more wage earners in Finland regard the change in gender equality as positive. When the Baltic countries are compared with each other, it is seen that the Lithuanian wage earners take a somewhat more negative view of current changes in working life than do the Estonians and Latvians. The differences are large in the case of self-development, management methods, environ-
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247 LABOUR POLICY STUDIES Juha Anti
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FOREWORD The working life barometer
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SUMMARY This research study is the
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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2 of the state was part of the deve
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4 to; and, in fact, it can be very
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6 PART ONE COUNTRY ESSAYS
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8 Industries: Food, textile, wearin
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10 Since the beginning of the 1990s
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12 As the number of working age pop
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14 2001 the unemployment rate of th
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16 In addition to unemployment bene
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18 the average wage is higher than
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20 proceeding from its economic opp
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LATVIA Jevg_nija Sviridenkova Senio
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24 improved, the institutional set-
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26 Once a year a taxpayer is allowe
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28 The legal framework for enterpri
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30 The aim of economic policy of th
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32 exchange rate ensures stable pri
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34 age population will not fall tha
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36 favourable conditions for invest
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38 conditions for investment and th
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40 The key elements of health promo
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42 Most of the higher educational i
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44 financial intermediation 96 015
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LITHUANIA 46 Gintare Buzinskaite Se
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48 The main legal act is the Consti
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50 According to the data of the cen
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52 money transfer from the EU will
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54 In 1997 the Government of Lithua
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56 without children had the biggest
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58 pensioners work. There were 67.7
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60 The biggest number of job vacanc
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62 Confederation of Lithuanian Indu
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64 Lithuania’s economy is growing
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66 In this section, we will examine
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68 other two countries, and so the
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50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 25% 70 UNION
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72 Trade union representation at th
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74 In any case, the proportion of u
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40% 20% 0% -20% -40% 32% -22% 76 OP
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78 to the trade union movement. In
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80 working hours, the same things w
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82 Lithuania. However, only 15 % of
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…at the workplace together with c
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86 NEGOTIATIONS ON EMPLOYEES' SAFET
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88 more collectivity in negotiation
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SALARY PAYMENT BASIS 90 ESTONIA LAT
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92 Baltic countries are often agree
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94 make the same purchase in Estoni
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96 In this way, the salary distribu
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WOMEN'S AND MEN'S NET SALARIES, 199
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100 The net salaries in the private
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102 women's salaries have improved
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104 portion in 2002 measured by the
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106 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
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108 erage salaries have fallen by 1
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LITHUANIA 110 The rise in consumer
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New workplaces Reorganised Old work
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114 taken into account, Lithuania's
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116 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
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118 In Estonia and Latvia the reorg
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120 MEDIAN SALARY IN 1998 AND 2002
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122 WAGE EARNERS' OWN ESTIMATE OF C
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124 ing people, the managers trust
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126 tively small, and so their sign
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128 clearly higher than in the othe
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130 The most problematic situation
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WEEKLY WORKING HOURS Estonia 132 Th
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134 mainstream in Latvia, since the
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136 Weekly working hours in Lithuan
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138 WORKING OVERTIME DURING A NORMA
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140 Unpaid overtime is more typical
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142 and why do they accept the prev
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EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS 144 The trends
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146 of no significance: in practice
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148 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYEES WHO HAV
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150 STRESS FACTORS AND CONFLICTS In
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152 nia has become much more demand
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154 Mean work intensity values (Sca
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60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% Durin
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LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
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160 In 2002 in Latvia and Estonia,
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LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
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164 Work safety in Latvia is seen a
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CONFLICTS 166 To finish this chapte
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168 In the question of conflicts, E
Page 179 and 180: 170 may be a sign of efficiency; bu
Page 181 and 182: 172 The workers' possibilities of i
Page 183 and 184: 174 sumed that the question of sect
Page 185 and 186: 176 two Baltic countries. This shou
Page 187 and 188: 178 and the private sectors, though
Page 189 and 190: 180 the individuals are allowed to
Page 191 and 192: JOB SATISFACTION 182 When working p
Page 193 and 194: 100% 50% 0% -50% -100% 78% 78% -22%
Page 195 and 196: 186 mosphere assessment between the
Page 197 and 198: 188 aspects are enquired about: 1)
Page 199 and 200: 190 public-sector workers are a lit
Page 201 and 202: 192 sector, where nearly three-quar
Page 203 and 204: 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 15% 16% 194 THE P
Page 205 and 206: 196 home in connection with their m
Page 207 and 208: 198 ised by way of information netw
Page 209 and 210: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 200 PERSONA
Page 211 and 212: 202 spects is (naturally) the same
Page 213 and 214: 204 tries. Under half (43 %) of all
Page 215 and 216: 206 The ageing workers, therefore,
Page 217 and 218: 208 information technology are grow
Page 219 and 220: 210 PARTICIPATED IN TRAINING PAID B
Page 221 and 222: 212 problem category in Finland are
Page 223 and 224: 214 DEVELOPMENT OF WORK ORGANISATIO
Page 225 and 226: 216 of, room and opportunities shou
Page 227 and 228: 218 been set up, with the aim of pl
Page 229: 220 PART THREE CURRENT TRENDS AND F
Page 233 and 234: 224 HOW HAVE ASSESSMENTS OF WORKING
Page 235 and 236: MEN AND WOMEN 226 The changes takin
Page 237 and 238: 228 Greatest changes 1998 - 2002: E
Page 239 and 240: 230 TRENDS IN ESTONIAN WORKING LIFE
Page 241 and 242: LATVIA 232 The attitudes of the Lat
Page 243 and 244: 234 men have taken a somewhat more
Page 245 and 246: 236 In the oldest age group, there
Page 247 and 248: Meaningfulness Equality Environment
Page 249 and 250: MEN AND WOMEN 240 The increased neg
Page 251 and 252: 242 UNDER 30 YEARS Greatest changes
Page 253 and 254: 244 trend expectations can indeed b
Page 255 and 256: Meaningfulness Equality Environment
Page 257 and 258: 248 is particularly great. In the v
Page 259 and 260: 250 EXPECTATIONS: ECONOMY OF OWN WO
Page 261 and 262: 252 At the new workplaces establish
Page 263 and 264: 254 DISCUSSION: DIVERGING DEVELOPME
Page 265 and 266: 256 favourable direction and the de
Page 267 and 268: 258 A trend toward normalisation ca
Page 269 and 270: 260 ment staff. It is, in a way, na
Page 271 and 272: 262 still some big changes ahead fo
Page 273 and 274: 264 the salary due from their main
Page 275 and 276: 266 Job satisfaction Job satisfacti
Page 277 and 278: REFERENCES 268 Alasoini, T.: Suomal
Page 279 and 280: 270 http://www.stat.fi/tk/tp/maailm
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DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLE DESIGN C
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33. Korkiasaari, Jouni: Siirtolaisi
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110. Aarne Mattila: Cooperation and
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179. Osmo Rahikainen, Pekka Ylösta
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243. Matti Vartiainen, Christina Sw
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Working Life Barometer in the Baltic Countries 2002 (pdf) - mol.fi

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