Working Life Barometer in the Baltic Countries 2002 (pdf) - mol.fi

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55 In 1995-1999 the lowest average monthly gross earnings was in sole proprietorships and in agricultural partnerships. Calculated by economic activities the biggest average monthly gross earnings was in monetary intermediation and financial intermediation through the same period. Calculating by employee categories non-manual workers had bigger average monthly gross earnings in 2000, which was 1291.5 Litas, and manual workers had average monthly gross earnings only 797.6 Litas. Men had bigger average monthly gross earnings than women in both cases – manual and non-manual work. Manual workers men had 889.4 Litas average monthly gross earnings, women – 667.2 Litas. Non-manual workers men had 1589.9 Litas average monthly gross earnings, and women – 1124.9 Litas. Natural persons shall pay income tax of 33 % from their income after subtracting from it the tax-exempt minimum, which is 430 Litas for the disabled of Group 1; 379 Litas for the disabled of Group 2; 283 Litas for the disabled of Group 3; 430 Litas for persons with three and more children under 18 years of age; 335 Litas for the mother or father in case of a single parent family with one child under 18 and is increased by 53 Litas for the second and each successive child; 325 Litas for employees of enterprises producing agricultural products whose monthly income generated from activities not connected with production or processing of agricultural products exceed more than 50 % of their gross monthly income or employees hired by farmers; 250 Litas for other persons. Persons insured under the social insurance shall pay contributions of 3% from their income. The average monthly net earnings (salaries after deduction of taxes and social contributions payable by employee) in 2001 was 705.2 Litas. The average monthly pension of State social insurance in 2001 was: old-age pension – 317.6 Litas, and disability pension –277.7 Litas. Income tax is not deducted of pensions. Average size of household in the State in 2001 was 2.6 persons. The average household disposable income per capita per month was 415.4 Litas in the State in 2000 and 409.5 Litas in 2001. It increased since 1996 till 1999, when it became 428.0 Litas and started decreasing in the last two years. In 2001 average household disposable income per capita per month in urban area was 455.4 Litas, and in rural area – 310.9 Litas. Single persons and couples
56 without children had the biggest average disposable income per capita per month, adequately 542.4 and 520.3 Litas. The purchasing power of average cash disposable income per capita per month in 2000 and 2001 is presented in the table 1. Purchasing Power of Average Cash Disposable Income per Capita per Month 2000 2001 Boiled sausage, kg 30 30 Beef 1 category, kg 44 33 Butter, kg 37 39 Milk 2.5 percent 223 249 Sugar, kg 114 116 Rye-wheat bred, kg 157 159 Men’s 2 part suit 0.7 0.7 Woman’s high boots, pair 1.4 1.2 Colour TV, diagonal 37 cm, set 0.48 0.51 Electricity kWh 1344 1261 Data of the Department of Statistics by the Government of Lithuania Table 1. Average household consumption expenditure per capita per month in the State in 2001 was 411.4 Litas and was lower than in 1998 and 1999, when it was accordingly 426.8 and 425.4 Litas, and bigger than in 2000, when it was 404.4 Litas. The biggest part of it was composed of food and non-alcoholic beverages, and was 174.4 Litas or 42.4 percent of total expenditures in 2001. Other household consumption expenditures are presented in the table 2. Average household consumption expenditure per capita per month in 2000 In Litas In per cent Total 411.4 100 Food and non-alcoholic beverages 174.4 42.4 Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuel 56.0 13.6 Transport 29.8 7.2 Clothing and footwear 26.9 6.6 Furnishings, household equipment and 20.9 5.0 routine maintenance of the house Health care 18.6 4.5 Communication 18.4 4.5 Hotels, restaurants, cafes, canteens 17.3 4.2
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247 LABOUR POLICY STUDIES Juha Anti
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FOREWORD The working life barometer
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SUMMARY This research study is the
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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2 of the state was part of the deve
Page 13 and 14: 4 to; and, in fact, it can be very
Page 15 and 16: 6 PART ONE COUNTRY ESSAYS
Page 17 and 18: 8 Industries: Food, textile, wearin
Page 19 and 20: 10 Since the beginning of the 1990s
Page 21 and 22: 12 As the number of working age pop
Page 23 and 24: 14 2001 the unemployment rate of th
Page 25 and 26: 16 In addition to unemployment bene
Page 27 and 28: 18 the average wage is higher than
Page 29 and 30: 20 proceeding from its economic opp
Page 31 and 32: LATVIA Jevg_nija Sviridenkova Senio
Page 33 and 34: 24 improved, the institutional set-
Page 35 and 36: 26 Once a year a taxpayer is allowe
Page 37 and 38: 28 The legal framework for enterpri
Page 39 and 40: 30 The aim of economic policy of th
Page 41 and 42: 32 exchange rate ensures stable pri
Page 43 and 44: 34 age population will not fall tha
Page 45 and 46: 36 favourable conditions for invest
Page 47 and 48: 38 conditions for investment and th
Page 49 and 50: 40 The key elements of health promo
Page 51 and 52: 42 Most of the higher educational i
Page 53 and 54: 44 financial intermediation 96 015
Page 55 and 56: LITHUANIA 46 Gintare Buzinskaite Se
Page 57 and 58: 48 The main legal act is the Consti
Page 59 and 60: 50 According to the data of the cen
Page 61 and 62: 52 money transfer from the EU will
Page 63: 54 In 1997 the Government of Lithua
Page 67 and 68: 58 pensioners work. There were 67.7
Page 69 and 70: 60 The biggest number of job vacanc
Page 71 and 72: 62 Confederation of Lithuanian Indu
Page 73 and 74: 64 Lithuania’s economy is growing
Page 75 and 76: 66 In this section, we will examine
Page 77 and 78: 68 other two countries, and so the
Page 79 and 80: 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 25% 70 UNION
Page 81 and 82: 72 Trade union representation at th
Page 83 and 84: 74 In any case, the proportion of u
Page 85 and 86: 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% 32% -22% 76 OP
Page 87 and 88: 78 to the trade union movement. In
Page 89 and 90: 80 working hours, the same things w
Page 91 and 92: 82 Lithuania. However, only 15 % of
Page 93 and 94: …at the workplace together with c
Page 95 and 96: 86 NEGOTIATIONS ON EMPLOYEES' SAFET
Page 97 and 98: 88 more collectivity in negotiation
Page 99 and 100: SALARY PAYMENT BASIS 90 ESTONIA LAT
Page 101 and 102: 92 Baltic countries are often agree
Page 103 and 104: 94 make the same purchase in Estoni
Page 105 and 106: 96 In this way, the salary distribu
Page 107 and 108: WOMEN'S AND MEN'S NET SALARIES, 199
Page 109 and 110: 100 The net salaries in the private
Page 111 and 112: 102 women's salaries have improved
Page 113 and 114: 104 portion in 2002 measured by the
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106 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
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108 erage salaries have fallen by 1
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LITHUANIA 110 The rise in consumer
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New workplaces Reorganised Old work
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114 taken into account, Lithuania's
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116 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
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118 In Estonia and Latvia the reorg
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120 MEDIAN SALARY IN 1998 AND 2002
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122 WAGE EARNERS' OWN ESTIMATE OF C
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124 ing people, the managers trust
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126 tively small, and so their sign
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128 clearly higher than in the othe
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130 The most problematic situation
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WEEKLY WORKING HOURS Estonia 132 Th
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134 mainstream in Latvia, since the
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136 Weekly working hours in Lithuan
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138 WORKING OVERTIME DURING A NORMA
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140 Unpaid overtime is more typical
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142 and why do they accept the prev
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EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS 144 The trends
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146 of no significance: in practice
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148 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYEES WHO HAV
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150 STRESS FACTORS AND CONFLICTS In
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152 nia has become much more demand
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154 Mean work intensity values (Sca
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60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% Durin
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LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
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160 In 2002 in Latvia and Estonia,
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LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
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164 Work safety in Latvia is seen a
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CONFLICTS 166 To finish this chapte
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168 In the question of conflicts, E
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170 may be a sign of efficiency; bu
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172 The workers' possibilities of i
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174 sumed that the question of sect
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176 two Baltic countries. This shou
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178 and the private sectors, though
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180 the individuals are allowed to
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JOB SATISFACTION 182 When working p
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100% 50% 0% -50% -100% 78% 78% -22%
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186 mosphere assessment between the
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188 aspects are enquired about: 1)
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190 public-sector workers are a lit
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192 sector, where nearly three-quar
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20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 15% 16% 194 THE P
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196 home in connection with their m
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198 ised by way of information netw
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 200 PERSONA
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202 spects is (naturally) the same
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204 tries. Under half (43 %) of all
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206 The ageing workers, therefore,
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208 information technology are grow
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210 PARTICIPATED IN TRAINING PAID B
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212 problem category in Finland are
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214 DEVELOPMENT OF WORK ORGANISATIO
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216 of, room and opportunities shou
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218 been set up, with the aim of pl
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220 PART THREE CURRENT TRENDS AND F
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222 WORKING LIFE TRENDS IN ESTONIA,
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224 HOW HAVE ASSESSMENTS OF WORKING
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MEN AND WOMEN 226 The changes takin
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228 Greatest changes 1998 - 2002: E
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230 TRENDS IN ESTONIAN WORKING LIFE
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LATVIA 232 The attitudes of the Lat
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234 men have taken a somewhat more
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236 In the oldest age group, there
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Meaningfulness Equality Environment
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MEN AND WOMEN 240 The increased neg
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242 UNDER 30 YEARS Greatest changes
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244 trend expectations can indeed b
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Meaningfulness Equality Environment
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248 is particularly great. In the v
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250 EXPECTATIONS: ECONOMY OF OWN WO
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252 At the new workplaces establish
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254 DISCUSSION: DIVERGING DEVELOPME
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256 favourable direction and the de
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258 A trend toward normalisation ca
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260 ment staff. It is, in a way, na
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262 still some big changes ahead fo
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264 the salary due from their main
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266 Job satisfaction Job satisfacti
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REFERENCES 268 Alasoini, T.: Suomal
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270 http://www.stat.fi/tk/tp/maailm
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DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLE DESIGN C
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33. Korkiasaari, Jouni: Siirtolaisi
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110. Aarne Mattila: Cooperation and
Page 324 and 325:
179. Osmo Rahikainen, Pekka Ylösta
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243. Matti Vartiainen, Christina Sw
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