Working Life Barometer in the Baltic Countries 2002 (pdf) - mol.fi

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251 The situation in Latvia is otherwise the same, but the expectations of those there who are 50 and over are clearly more unfavourable than they were before. In Lithuania, the younger the respondent, the more strongly positive the response becomes. 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% EXPECTATIONS: ECONOMY OF OWN WORKPLACE BY AGE 1998 AND 2002 16-29 1998 2002 30-39 1998 2002 40-49 1998 2002 50+ 1998 2002 1998 16-29 2002 1998 30-39 2002 1998 40-49 2002 1998 50+ 2002 1998 16-29 2002 1998 30-39 2002 Somewhat better Much better Somewhat worse Much worse ESTONIA LATVIA LITHUANIA 1998 40-49 2002 Balance 26% 38% 17% 15% -2% 9% -24% 3% 47% 40% 22% 33% 18% 37% 11% -2% 35% 13% 5% -10% -6% -18% -16% -28% Expectations as regards development in the economy of one's own workplace during the coming year clearly change with age in a negative direction. The link between age and the nature of the assessment is very definite in all three countries. Whereas nearly half of the under-30s expect the economy of their workplace to improve, the corresponding proportion of those 50 and over is only about one-fifth. In Estonia, the greatest positive changes have been in the youngest age group and the oldest. In Latvia, the changes have taken different directions in different age-groups. The economy expectations of the youngest and oldest are more negative than earlier; and those of the middle age group, at the ’best working age’, have changed in a positive direction. In Lithuania, negativity has definitely grown in all the age-groups. The change has been somewhat greater for the young workers than for the ageing ones. 1998 50+ 2002
252 At the new workplaces established after the regaining of independence, the expectations concerning general employment and especially the economy of one's own workplace are considerably more favourable than at the old or reorganised workplaces. The new workplaces differ the most from the old in this respect in Latvia, but the difference is along similar lines in all three countries. SUMMARY It is clear that the Estonians and Latvians believe more commonly nowadays than three years ago that working life is changing in a positive direction. The situation in Lithuania is the opposite. The most evident change has been in Estonia. Although the gap between Latvia and Estonia has narrowed, the trends in working life are still regarded the most favourably in Latvia. The evaluations have most clearly changed along positive lines when it comes to handling of environmental issues and gender equality at the workplaces. In Lithuania, the trend in matters of equality has definitely been better than three years ago. On the other hand, more negative evaluations than before have been made there as regards changes in the meaningfulness of working. In both Lithuania and Latvia, the attitude toward trends in empowerment, management methods and self-development opportunities has been somewhat more negative than before. Common to all three nations is the fact that the younger workers take a favourable view of changes in working life more commonly than do the ageing ones. The older people are, the more rarely do they regard the trends in working life as good. Taken as a whole, the attitude to the changes is more positive in the public than the private sector. Similarly, those of Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian nationality see working life as changing for the better more often than do the other nationalities in each country. In Estonia, it is clearly more common than before for the current trends in working life to be considered as good. There are no big differences in the women's and the men's assessments. The young people lay a little more emphasis than the rest do on environmental issues, the meaningfulness of working, and management methods. The ageing workers evaluate empowerment
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247 LABOUR POLICY STUDIES Juha Anti
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FOREWORD The working life barometer
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SUMMARY This research study is the
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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2 of the state was part of the deve
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4 to; and, in fact, it can be very
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6 PART ONE COUNTRY ESSAYS
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8 Industries: Food, textile, wearin
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10 Since the beginning of the 1990s
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12 As the number of working age pop
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14 2001 the unemployment rate of th
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16 In addition to unemployment bene
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18 the average wage is higher than
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20 proceeding from its economic opp
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LATVIA Jevg_nija Sviridenkova Senio
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24 improved, the institutional set-
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26 Once a year a taxpayer is allowe
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28 The legal framework for enterpri
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30 The aim of economic policy of th
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32 exchange rate ensures stable pri
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34 age population will not fall tha
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36 favourable conditions for invest
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38 conditions for investment and th
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40 The key elements of health promo
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42 Most of the higher educational i
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44 financial intermediation 96 015
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LITHUANIA 46 Gintare Buzinskaite Se
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48 The main legal act is the Consti
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50 According to the data of the cen
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52 money transfer from the EU will
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54 In 1997 the Government of Lithua
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56 without children had the biggest
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58 pensioners work. There were 67.7
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60 The biggest number of job vacanc
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62 Confederation of Lithuanian Indu
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64 Lithuania’s economy is growing
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66 In this section, we will examine
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68 other two countries, and so the
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50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 25% 70 UNION
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72 Trade union representation at th
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74 In any case, the proportion of u
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40% 20% 0% -20% -40% 32% -22% 76 OP
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78 to the trade union movement. In
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80 working hours, the same things w
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82 Lithuania. However, only 15 % of
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…at the workplace together with c
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86 NEGOTIATIONS ON EMPLOYEES' SAFET
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88 more collectivity in negotiation
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SALARY PAYMENT BASIS 90 ESTONIA LAT
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92 Baltic countries are often agree
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94 make the same purchase in Estoni
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96 In this way, the salary distribu
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WOMEN'S AND MEN'S NET SALARIES, 199
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100 The net salaries in the private
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102 women's salaries have improved
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104 portion in 2002 measured by the
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106 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
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108 erage salaries have fallen by 1
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LITHUANIA 110 The rise in consumer
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New workplaces Reorganised Old work
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114 taken into account, Lithuania's
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116 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
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118 In Estonia and Latvia the reorg
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120 MEDIAN SALARY IN 1998 AND 2002
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122 WAGE EARNERS' OWN ESTIMATE OF C
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124 ing people, the managers trust
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126 tively small, and so their sign
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128 clearly higher than in the othe
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130 The most problematic situation
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WEEKLY WORKING HOURS Estonia 132 Th
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134 mainstream in Latvia, since the
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136 Weekly working hours in Lithuan
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138 WORKING OVERTIME DURING A NORMA
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140 Unpaid overtime is more typical
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142 and why do they accept the prev
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EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS 144 The trends
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146 of no significance: in practice
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148 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYEES WHO HAV
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150 STRESS FACTORS AND CONFLICTS In
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152 nia has become much more demand
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154 Mean work intensity values (Sca
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60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% Durin
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LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
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160 In 2002 in Latvia and Estonia,
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LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
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164 Work safety in Latvia is seen a
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CONFLICTS 166 To finish this chapte
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168 In the question of conflicts, E
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170 may be a sign of efficiency; bu
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172 The workers' possibilities of i
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174 sumed that the question of sect
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176 two Baltic countries. This shou
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178 and the private sectors, though
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180 the individuals are allowed to
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JOB SATISFACTION 182 When working p
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100% 50% 0% -50% -100% 78% 78% -22%
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186 mosphere assessment between the
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188 aspects are enquired about: 1)
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190 public-sector workers are a lit
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192 sector, where nearly three-quar
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20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 15% 16% 194 THE P
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196 home in connection with their m
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198 ised by way of information netw
Page 209 and 210: 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 200 PERSONA
Page 211 and 212: 202 spects is (naturally) the same
Page 213 and 214: 204 tries. Under half (43 %) of all
Page 215 and 216: 206 The ageing workers, therefore,
Page 217 and 218: 208 information technology are grow
Page 219 and 220: 210 PARTICIPATED IN TRAINING PAID B
Page 221 and 222: 212 problem category in Finland are
Page 223 and 224: 214 DEVELOPMENT OF WORK ORGANISATIO
Page 225 and 226: 216 of, room and opportunities shou
Page 227 and 228: 218 been set up, with the aim of pl
Page 229 and 230: 220 PART THREE CURRENT TRENDS AND F
Page 231 and 232: 222 WORKING LIFE TRENDS IN ESTONIA,
Page 233 and 234: 224 HOW HAVE ASSESSMENTS OF WORKING
Page 235 and 236: MEN AND WOMEN 226 The changes takin
Page 237 and 238: 228 Greatest changes 1998 - 2002: E
Page 239 and 240: 230 TRENDS IN ESTONIAN WORKING LIFE
Page 241 and 242: LATVIA 232 The attitudes of the Lat
Page 243 and 244: 234 men have taken a somewhat more
Page 245 and 246: 236 In the oldest age group, there
Page 247 and 248: Meaningfulness Equality Environment
Page 249 and 250: MEN AND WOMEN 240 The increased neg
Page 251 and 252: 242 UNDER 30 YEARS Greatest changes
Page 253 and 254: 244 trend expectations can indeed b
Page 255 and 256: Meaningfulness Equality Environment
Page 257 and 258: 248 is particularly great. In the v
Page 259: 250 EXPECTATIONS: ECONOMY OF OWN WO
Page 263 and 264: 254 DISCUSSION: DIVERGING DEVELOPME
Page 265 and 266: 256 favourable direction and the de
Page 267 and 268: 258 A trend toward normalisation ca
Page 269 and 270: 260 ment staff. It is, in a way, na
Page 271 and 272: 262 still some big changes ahead fo
Page 273 and 274: 264 the salary due from their main
Page 275 and 276: 266 Job satisfaction Job satisfacti
Page 277 and 278: REFERENCES 268 Alasoini, T.: Suomal
Page 279 and 280: 270 http://www.stat.fi/tk/tp/maailm
Page 290: DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLE DESIGN C
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33. Korkiasaari, Jouni: Siirtolaisi
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110. Aarne Mattila: Cooperation and
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179. Osmo Rahikainen, Pekka Ylösta
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243. Matti Vartiainen, Christina Sw
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