Working Life Barometer in the Baltic Countries 2002 (pdf) - mol.fi

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UNPAID OVERTIME WORK BY OCCUPATION Unpaid overtime work during a normal working week 143 LATVIA LITHUANIA ESTONIA Number of unpaid overtime hours per week (mean) Unpaid overtime work during a normal working week Number of unpaid overtime hours per week (mean) Unpaid overtime work during a normal working week Number of unpaid overtime hours per week (mean) Managers 26 % 12 34 % 12 22 % 13 Specialists 20 % 10 27 % 8 13 % 7 Clerks, administrative servants 16 % 8 24 % 6 4 % 4 Service workmen 18 % 17 24 % 8 6 % 11 Manual Workers 18 % 11 19 % 10 8 % 12 Total 19 % 12 24 % 9 10 % 10
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS 144 The trends in employment relationships in the Baltic countries are going in different directions. In Estonia, the situation as to working hours and employment relationships is following a steady trend. The proportion of permanent jobs out of the total has increased during the three years from 64 to 69 per cent. Permanent working relationships under a written contract are more typical in the public than the private sector, but also in the private sector their proportion (66 %) is noticeably greater than in the other two Baltic countries. No significant change has occurred in the frequency of written fixed-term employment contracts. Their percentage (23 %) is very high by international comparison, but nevertheless considerably lower than in Latvia and Lithuania. A positive development is that the number of illegitimate (orally agreed) working relationships has clearly decreased. During three years (1999-2001), their proportion has dropped by half and now forms five per cent of the total employment relationships of wage earners. ESTONIA LATVIA LITHUANIA 1998 2002 1998 2002 1998 2002 A written permanent employment contract A written fixed- 64 % 69 % 60 % 56 % 63 % 63 % term employment contract A written contract 22 % 23 % 28 % 30 % 23 % 29 % for doing specific work 3 % 3 % 3 % 4 % 1 % 2 % No written labour agreement 11 % 5 % 8 % 10 % 13 % 5 % No answer 0 % 0 % 1 % 0 % 0 % 1 % Total Wage earners only 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % In Latvia, there has been an increasing trend of instability in employment relationships. Only just over half (56 %) of the wage earners in Latvia are in permanent jobs under a written employment contract. Already before, the pro-
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247 LABOUR POLICY STUDIES Juha Anti
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FOREWORD The working life barometer
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SUMMARY This research study is the
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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2 of the state was part of the deve
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4 to; and, in fact, it can be very
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6 PART ONE COUNTRY ESSAYS
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8 Industries: Food, textile, wearin
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10 Since the beginning of the 1990s
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12 As the number of working age pop
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14 2001 the unemployment rate of th
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16 In addition to unemployment bene
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18 the average wage is higher than
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20 proceeding from its economic opp
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LATVIA Jevg_nija Sviridenkova Senio
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24 improved, the institutional set-
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26 Once a year a taxpayer is allowe
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28 The legal framework for enterpri
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30 The aim of economic policy of th
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32 exchange rate ensures stable pri
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34 age population will not fall tha
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36 favourable conditions for invest
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38 conditions for investment and th
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40 The key elements of health promo
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42 Most of the higher educational i
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44 financial intermediation 96 015
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LITHUANIA 46 Gintare Buzinskaite Se
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48 The main legal act is the Consti
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50 According to the data of the cen
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52 money transfer from the EU will
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54 In 1997 the Government of Lithua
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56 without children had the biggest
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58 pensioners work. There were 67.7
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60 The biggest number of job vacanc
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62 Confederation of Lithuanian Indu
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64 Lithuania’s economy is growing
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66 In this section, we will examine
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68 other two countries, and so the
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50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 25% 70 UNION
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72 Trade union representation at th
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74 In any case, the proportion of u
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40% 20% 0% -20% -40% 32% -22% 76 OP
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78 to the trade union movement. In
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80 working hours, the same things w
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82 Lithuania. However, only 15 % of
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…at the workplace together with c
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86 NEGOTIATIONS ON EMPLOYEES' SAFET
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88 more collectivity in negotiation
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SALARY PAYMENT BASIS 90 ESTONIA LAT
Page 101 and 102: 92 Baltic countries are often agree
Page 103 and 104: 94 make the same purchase in Estoni
Page 105 and 106: 96 In this way, the salary distribu
Page 107 and 108: WOMEN'S AND MEN'S NET SALARIES, 199
Page 109 and 110: 100 The net salaries in the private
Page 111 and 112: 102 women's salaries have improved
Page 113 and 114: 104 portion in 2002 measured by the
Page 115 and 116: 106 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
Page 117 and 118: 108 erage salaries have fallen by 1
Page 119 and 120: LITHUANIA 110 The rise in consumer
Page 121 and 122: New workplaces Reorganised Old work
Page 123 and 124: 114 taken into account, Lithuania's
Page 125 and 126: 116 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
Page 127 and 128: 118 In Estonia and Latvia the reorg
Page 129 and 130: 120 MEDIAN SALARY IN 1998 AND 2002
Page 131 and 132: 122 WAGE EARNERS' OWN ESTIMATE OF C
Page 133 and 134: 124 ing people, the managers trust
Page 135 and 136: 126 tively small, and so their sign
Page 137 and 138: 128 clearly higher than in the othe
Page 139 and 140: 130 The most problematic situation
Page 141 and 142: WEEKLY WORKING HOURS Estonia 132 Th
Page 143 and 144: 134 mainstream in Latvia, since the
Page 145 and 146: 136 Weekly working hours in Lithuan
Page 147 and 148: 138 WORKING OVERTIME DURING A NORMA
Page 149 and 150: 140 Unpaid overtime is more typical
Page 151: 142 and why do they accept the prev
Page 155 and 156: 146 of no significance: in practice
Page 157 and 158: 148 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYEES WHO HAV
Page 159 and 160: 150 STRESS FACTORS AND CONFLICTS In
Page 161 and 162: 152 nia has become much more demand
Page 163 and 164: 154 Mean work intensity values (Sca
Page 165 and 166: 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% Durin
Page 167 and 168: LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
Page 169 and 170: 160 In 2002 in Latvia and Estonia,
Page 171 and 172: LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
Page 173 and 174: 164 Work safety in Latvia is seen a
Page 175 and 176: CONFLICTS 166 To finish this chapte
Page 177 and 178: 168 In the question of conflicts, E
Page 179 and 180: 170 may be a sign of efficiency; bu
Page 181 and 182: 172 The workers' possibilities of i
Page 183 and 184: 174 sumed that the question of sect
Page 185 and 186: 176 two Baltic countries. This shou
Page 187 and 188: 178 and the private sectors, though
Page 189 and 190: 180 the individuals are allowed to
Page 191 and 192: JOB SATISFACTION 182 When working p
Page 193 and 194: 100% 50% 0% -50% -100% 78% 78% -22%
Page 195 and 196: 186 mosphere assessment between the
Page 197 and 198: 188 aspects are enquired about: 1)
Page 199 and 200: 190 public-sector workers are a lit
Page 201 and 202: 192 sector, where nearly three-quar
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20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 15% 16% 194 THE P
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196 home in connection with their m
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198 ised by way of information netw
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 200 PERSONA
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202 spects is (naturally) the same
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204 tries. Under half (43 %) of all
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206 The ageing workers, therefore,
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208 information technology are grow
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210 PARTICIPATED IN TRAINING PAID B
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212 problem category in Finland are
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214 DEVELOPMENT OF WORK ORGANISATIO
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216 of, room and opportunities shou
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218 been set up, with the aim of pl
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220 PART THREE CURRENT TRENDS AND F
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222 WORKING LIFE TRENDS IN ESTONIA,
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224 HOW HAVE ASSESSMENTS OF WORKING
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MEN AND WOMEN 226 The changes takin
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228 Greatest changes 1998 - 2002: E
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230 TRENDS IN ESTONIAN WORKING LIFE
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LATVIA 232 The attitudes of the Lat
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234 men have taken a somewhat more
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236 In the oldest age group, there
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Meaningfulness Equality Environment
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MEN AND WOMEN 240 The increased neg
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242 UNDER 30 YEARS Greatest changes
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244 trend expectations can indeed b
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Meaningfulness Equality Environment
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248 is particularly great. In the v
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250 EXPECTATIONS: ECONOMY OF OWN WO
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252 At the new workplaces establish
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254 DISCUSSION: DIVERGING DEVELOPME
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256 favourable direction and the de
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258 A trend toward normalisation ca
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260 ment staff. It is, in a way, na
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262 still some big changes ahead fo
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264 the salary due from their main
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266 Job satisfaction Job satisfacti
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REFERENCES 268 Alasoini, T.: Suomal
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270 http://www.stat.fi/tk/tp/maailm
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DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLE DESIGN C
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33. Korkiasaari, Jouni: Siirtolaisi
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110. Aarne Mattila: Cooperation and
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179. Osmo Rahikainen, Pekka Ylösta
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243. Matti Vartiainen, Christina Sw
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