Working Life Barometer in the Baltic Countries 2002 (pdf) - mol.fi

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135 therefore be considered a country of long working weeks, and this interpretation is affirmed by the rarity of part-time work. In Latvia, the situation regarding length of working weeks is greatly polarised between the public and the private sector. In the public sector, the average weekly working hours are very close to 40 for both men and women (the men's average was 41.8 and the women's 39.8). Those working in the private sector, on the other hand, often work a long day. The average weekly working hours for men in the private sector were 47.8 and for women 44.9. In other words, the private sector employees work about 5-6 more hours per week, on average, than those in the public sector. The difference is significant but not unique, because the situation is similar in Lithuania, too. Lithuania In Lithuania, a clear lengthening in working weeks can be seen. The proportion working more than 40 hours per week has grown significantly. In 1998, just over a quarter (28 %) of the wage earners did a working week of over 40 hours; in 2002, the corresponding proportion was 39 %. 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 12% WEEKLY WORKING HOURS IN LITHUANIA 9% 11% 11% 49% 1-29h 30-39h 40h 41-50h 51h+ 41% 18% 26% 1998 2002 10% 13%
136 Weekly working hours in Lithuania by gender 2002 Men Women All Less than 30h 6.3 % 10.6 % 8.5 % 30-40h 50.6 % 54.1 % 52.3 % 41h or more 43.1 % 35.4 % 39.2 % Total 100 % (N=441) 100 % (N=444) 100 % (N=885) The increasingly common occurrence of long working weeks has lengthened the average weekly working hours also. The trend has been reinforced by corresponding changes in the number of short working weeks - that is, fewer than before do part-time work. For men, the average number of hours worked per week was 43.9; and for women, 41.7 hours. In 1998, the corresponding figures were 42.4 and 39.3 respectively, so both men's and women's average working hours have lengthened. In Lithuania, as in Latvia, those working in the private and in the public sector have very different working weeks. It is noticeable that the lengthening in Lithuania's working weeks is due to longer weekly hours for private sector employees. Wage earners in the public sector do a working week that is practically the same length as three years earlier. The average weekly hours worked by the men in the public sector were still very close to the traditional 40-hour week - that is, 40.8 hours. The men in the private sector worked 45.4 hours a week on average. The difference between the sectors was thus 4.6 hours. During the three-year period, the working week of men in the private sector has lengthened by about 1-1.5 hours. The real news, however, comes to light in the corresponding figures for the women. Women in the private sector did an average working week of as many as 46.8 hours, which is greater than the corresponding figure for men in Lithuania and greater than for any other women's group under comparison in the Baltic countries! The difference compared with the public-sector women is in fact astonishingly great. The women working in the public sector worked an average of 37.3 hours per week - as many as 9.5 hours less than those in the private sector! For the women in the public sector, there have been practically no changes in working week length, but in the private sector the changes have
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247 LABOUR POLICY STUDIES Juha Anti
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FOREWORD The working life barometer
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SUMMARY This research study is the
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
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2 of the state was part of the deve
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4 to; and, in fact, it can be very
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6 PART ONE COUNTRY ESSAYS
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8 Industries: Food, textile, wearin
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10 Since the beginning of the 1990s
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12 As the number of working age pop
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14 2001 the unemployment rate of th
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16 In addition to unemployment bene
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18 the average wage is higher than
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20 proceeding from its economic opp
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LATVIA Jevg_nija Sviridenkova Senio
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24 improved, the institutional set-
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26 Once a year a taxpayer is allowe
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28 The legal framework for enterpri
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30 The aim of economic policy of th
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32 exchange rate ensures stable pri
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34 age population will not fall tha
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36 favourable conditions for invest
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38 conditions for investment and th
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40 The key elements of health promo
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42 Most of the higher educational i
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44 financial intermediation 96 015
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LITHUANIA 46 Gintare Buzinskaite Se
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48 The main legal act is the Consti
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50 According to the data of the cen
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52 money transfer from the EU will
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54 In 1997 the Government of Lithua
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56 without children had the biggest
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58 pensioners work. There were 67.7
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60 The biggest number of job vacanc
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62 Confederation of Lithuanian Indu
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64 Lithuania’s economy is growing
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66 In this section, we will examine
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68 other two countries, and so the
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50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 25% 70 UNION
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72 Trade union representation at th
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74 In any case, the proportion of u
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40% 20% 0% -20% -40% 32% -22% 76 OP
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78 to the trade union movement. In
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80 working hours, the same things w
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82 Lithuania. However, only 15 % of
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Page 95 and 96: 86 NEGOTIATIONS ON EMPLOYEES' SAFET
Page 97 and 98: 88 more collectivity in negotiation
Page 99 and 100: SALARY PAYMENT BASIS 90 ESTONIA LAT
Page 101 and 102: 92 Baltic countries are often agree
Page 103 and 104: 94 make the same purchase in Estoni
Page 105 and 106: 96 In this way, the salary distribu
Page 107 and 108: WOMEN'S AND MEN'S NET SALARIES, 199
Page 109 and 110: 100 The net salaries in the private
Page 111 and 112: 102 women's salaries have improved
Page 113 and 114: 104 portion in 2002 measured by the
Page 115 and 116: 106 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
Page 117 and 118: 108 erage salaries have fallen by 1
Page 119 and 120: LITHUANIA 110 The rise in consumer
Page 121 and 122: New workplaces Reorganised Old work
Page 123 and 124: 114 taken into account, Lithuania's
Page 125 and 126: 116 NET WAGES AND SALARIES BY DECIL
Page 127 and 128: 118 In Estonia and Latvia the reorg
Page 129 and 130: 120 MEDIAN SALARY IN 1998 AND 2002
Page 131 and 132: 122 WAGE EARNERS' OWN ESTIMATE OF C
Page 133 and 134: 124 ing people, the managers trust
Page 135 and 136: 126 tively small, and so their sign
Page 137 and 138: 128 clearly higher than in the othe
Page 139 and 140: 130 The most problematic situation
Page 141 and 142: WEEKLY WORKING HOURS Estonia 132 Th
Page 143: 134 mainstream in Latvia, since the
Page 147 and 148: 138 WORKING OVERTIME DURING A NORMA
Page 149 and 150: 140 Unpaid overtime is more typical
Page 151 and 152: 142 and why do they accept the prev
Page 153 and 154: EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS 144 The trends
Page 155 and 156: 146 of no significance: in practice
Page 157 and 158: 148 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYEES WHO HAV
Page 159 and 160: 150 STRESS FACTORS AND CONFLICTS In
Page 161 and 162: 152 nia has become much more demand
Page 163 and 164: 154 Mean work intensity values (Sca
Page 165 and 166: 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% Durin
Page 167 and 168: LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
Page 169 and 170: 160 In 2002 in Latvia and Estonia,
Page 171 and 172: LATVIA women men ESTONIA women men
Page 173 and 174: 164 Work safety in Latvia is seen a
Page 175 and 176: CONFLICTS 166 To finish this chapte
Page 177 and 178: 168 In the question of conflicts, E
Page 179 and 180: 170 may be a sign of efficiency; bu
Page 181 and 182: 172 The workers' possibilities of i
Page 183 and 184: 174 sumed that the question of sect
Page 185 and 186: 176 two Baltic countries. This shou
Page 187 and 188: 178 and the private sectors, though
Page 189 and 190: 180 the individuals are allowed to
Page 191 and 192: JOB SATISFACTION 182 When working p
Page 193 and 194: 100% 50% 0% -50% -100% 78% 78% -22%
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186 mosphere assessment between the
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188 aspects are enquired about: 1)
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190 public-sector workers are a lit
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192 sector, where nearly three-quar
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20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 15% 16% 194 THE P
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196 home in connection with their m
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198 ised by way of information netw
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100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 200 PERSONA
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202 spects is (naturally) the same
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204 tries. Under half (43 %) of all
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206 The ageing workers, therefore,
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208 information technology are grow
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210 PARTICIPATED IN TRAINING PAID B
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212 problem category in Finland are
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214 DEVELOPMENT OF WORK ORGANISATIO
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216 of, room and opportunities shou
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218 been set up, with the aim of pl
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220 PART THREE CURRENT TRENDS AND F
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222 WORKING LIFE TRENDS IN ESTONIA,
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224 HOW HAVE ASSESSMENTS OF WORKING
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MEN AND WOMEN 226 The changes takin
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228 Greatest changes 1998 - 2002: E
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230 TRENDS IN ESTONIAN WORKING LIFE
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LATVIA 232 The attitudes of the Lat
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234 men have taken a somewhat more
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236 In the oldest age group, there
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Meaningfulness Equality Environment
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MEN AND WOMEN 240 The increased neg
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242 UNDER 30 YEARS Greatest changes
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244 trend expectations can indeed b
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Meaningfulness Equality Environment
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248 is particularly great. In the v
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250 EXPECTATIONS: ECONOMY OF OWN WO
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252 At the new workplaces establish
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254 DISCUSSION: DIVERGING DEVELOPME
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256 favourable direction and the de
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258 A trend toward normalisation ca
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260 ment staff. It is, in a way, na
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262 still some big changes ahead fo
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264 the salary due from their main
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266 Job satisfaction Job satisfacti
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REFERENCES 268 Alasoini, T.: Suomal
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270 http://www.stat.fi/tk/tp/maailm
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DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLE DESIGN C
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33. Korkiasaari, Jouni: Siirtolaisi
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110. Aarne Mattila: Cooperation and
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179. Osmo Rahikainen, Pekka Ylösta
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243. Matti Vartiainen, Christina Sw
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