Gibson Ferguson Language Planning and Education Edinburgh ...

230 Language Planning and Education
choice of foreign/second language, 34–5
effects of curtailing use of English in, 141
innovation and medium of instruction, 194–5
DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst),
116
Danish, differentiation of Norwegian from, 21,
23, 24
Davies, A., 115, 167, 168
DBE see Developmental Bilingual Education
(DBE)
de Swaan, A., 129–30, 132, 139, 144
global language system thesis, 119, 120–5
decolonisation, 1–3, 5, 10, 131
Defoe, Daniel, 27
democracy, ethnolinguistic, 76
democratic principles, 5, 63
democratisation, of access to English, 141–2,
145–6, 176
demographic factors
change in users of English, 149
in ethnolinguistic vitality, 85–6, 90–3, 105
Denmark, 129, 151–2
developing countries, 116, 196
inequalities due to the global spread of
English, 136–43, 144
inequalities in scientific publishing, 137–8
Developmental Bilingual Education (DBE), 47,
49, 52, 57, 101
devolution, 5–6
diglossia, 25
global, 129
discrimination
against non-native speakers, 137
and choice of dominant language, 79–80
of minority groups in US, 39, 64, 66
diversity, 7, 11
linguistic and cultural, 37, 63–4, 77–8,
126–36
and national unity, 66–7
in New Englishes, 160, 174–5
see also linguistic diversity
dominant language
choice to transmit only the, 79–80
English as a global lingua franca, 110–48
institutionalisation, 76, 107
in scientific publications, 137–8
Dorian, N., 72, 73
dual language/‘two–way bilingual’ programs, 45,
47–8, 49, 64
90:10 and 50:50 models, 47
Dutch, Algemeen Nederlands, 19
EAP see English for Academic Purposes (EAP)
East Africa, 128, 195
International Language Committee, 27
East African English, 156
Eastern Europe, collapse of communism, 5, 13
ecology of language, 7, 13
argument for linguistic diversity, 77–8, 126
economic development, 110, 192
economics, 12
balance of power, 135–6
in language revitalisation, 84–5, 107, 108
in use of dominant language, 119, 123, 141
Ecuador, 27
editors, gatekeeping roles, 137–8, 139
education, 23, 28, 34, 74, 107, 119, 142
access to, 2, 186
access to English-language, 117, 140–3
as an instrument for language revitalisation,
34, 107
in both English and local languages, 142–3
implementation of LP in, 33–5
language planning in, 33–5
spread of English-medium, 114–15
use of standard variety, 167
see also bilingual education; higher education;
medium of instruction; primary education
Education Act (1988), on Welsh-medium
education, 99
Education in the Colonies, Report of the
Advisory Committee on (1927), 115
education policy, and medium of instruction
issue in Africa, 179–98
educational achievement
and social stratification in US minority groups,
39–41
underachievement of minority groups in US,
40–1, 49, 62
underperformance in Africa, 179, 182–3,
190–1
and US bilingual education, 49–54, 64, 68
educational infrastructure, and choice of medium
of instruction, 189–91
educational outcomes
and social stratification in US minority groups,
39–41
and US bilingual education, 53–4
educational research, in US bilingual education,
49–62
Edwards, J., 20
EFL see English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
eisteddfodau, 88
elaboration, 26–32
of function for standard, 24–5
lexical, 28–31
electronic technology, use in language
revitalisation, 87
Elementary Education Act (1870), ignored