Gibson Ferguson Language Planning and Education Edinburgh ...

242 Language Planning and Education
Turkish Society for the Study of Language (Türk
Dil Kurumu) (TDK), 32
Tuyuca, 78
unification, linguistic see convergence
United Kingdom see Britain
United Nations, English proceedings, 137
United States, 111, 116, 150
dominance and spread of English, 110, 111,
124
films, 133–4
identity politics and minority language
teaching, 35
Information Agency (USIA), 113, 116
scientific research base, 111, 112
United States, bilingual education, 37–70
assimilationist vs. pluralist debate, 41, 45,
49–62, 63–8
contextual factors, 37–49
educational research and pedagogy, 49–62
legislative history, 41–5
politics of, 62–7
program evaluation, 50–3
theories and evaluation of, 53–62
universities
Breton teaching in, 104
English-medium in Africa, 191–2
Unz, Ron, 43
urbanisation, 23, 93, 128
and language death, 73, 96
Urdu, and Hindi, 21
US English (assimilationist lobby group), 41,
49–62, 63–7
values
and life–worlds, 134, 136
local cultural and New Englishes, 162
Van Binsbergen, W., 184
van Leeuwen, T., 134, 136
variation
sociolinguistic, 152–3, 160
in spoken rather than written language, 164
Veltman, C., 67
Verhoeven, L., 58
vernacular languages, use in colonies, 114–15,
127
vocabulary, codification, publication and
elaboration of, 28–31
‘vocational school fallacy’, 186
Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO), 145
Wales, 34
Acts of Union (1536 and 1542), 87
anglicisation of gentry, 88
Blue Books, 75, 89
‘circulating schools’, 88
devolution, 5
English as dominant language in, 87
inward migration, 89–90
language demography, 90–3
mass education (1870), 34
Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin (Welsh-medium
nursery schools), 99–100
National Assembly, 102, 106
Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into
the State of Education in (1847), 75, 89
‘Washington consensus’, neo-liberal, 111
Webster, Noah, 26
Welsh, 17, 83, 88–9
in 19th century education, 75
compared with Breton, 105–7
decline of, 87–93
equality with English, 28
immersion education, 101
institutional support, 97–9
language acquisition planning, 99–102
medium of education, 90, 99–102
national identity, 102–3, 106
numbers of speakers (1901–2001), 90–3, 99,
101
revitalisation, 34, 83, 84, 90, 97–103
standard written, 26, 88, 106
status planning, 97–9
Welsh Language Act (1993), 82, 106
Welsh Language Board, 28, 106, 108
West, ‘language problems’ in the, 9–10
Whorfianism, 131
Widdowson, H., 173
Williams, C. H., 75, 83, 85, 101, 108, 180, 182
Williams, E., 182
Willig, A., 48, 50
Wolof, 128
Wood, A., 137–8
Wood’s Despatch (1854), 114
workplace domain
use of Mandarin in Singapore, 33
use of minority languages in, 82
World Bank, 111, 190, 195
World Englishes, 149
world language, English as the, 133
World Standard Print English (WSPE), 172, 173
Wright, S., 5, 11, 12, 16, 17, 171, 177, 185
writing, compared with speaking in teaching
New Englishes, 172–4
WSPE see World Standard Print English
(WSPE)
‘xenolect’, 105
Yarborough, Senator, 42