Gibson Ferguson Language Planning and Education Edinburgh ...

Quebec, 65
French and English in, 33
status planning, 33
Quechua, 12, 84
Quirk, R., 168, 171
debate with Kachru, 161–2, 169–70
Nuclear English, 166
Rafiqzad, K., 165
Ramirez, J., 48, 50–1, 58
Rao, Raja, 157
rational choice, and spread of English, 118–19,
141
Real Academia Española, 27
Received Pronunciation see RP (Received
Pronunciation)
receptive skills, and exposure to varieties of
accents, 174
regional languages, 71
attitudes towards, 73–7, 108
legislation on, 6
regional nationalism, 5, 9
register atrophy, 129
relexification, in obsolescence, 72–3
religious domain
use of French over Breton, 96
use of Welsh in, 88
Renaissance, 22
‘research-theory policy paradigm’ (Cummins), 54
resistance
African to use of indigenous languages in
education, 131–2
appropriation of English in anti-colonial and
anti-globalisation protests, 117–18
rhetorical strategies, 157
Rhodesia, Northern see Zambia
Ricento, T., 44
Richelieu, Cardinal, 26
Ridge, S., 132
rights
minority language, 7, 9, 11, 12, 64, 65, 80,
82, 108, 130–1
violations of language, 28
Ritzer, G., 133
Romaine, S., 12, 25, 77–8
Romance continuum, 18
Romanticism (German), 17, 23, 76
Rossell, C., 52
RP (Received Pronunciation), 154, 165
Rubin, J., 16
rural areas, depopulation, 96
Russian, 120–1
coercive introduction into curricula of former
Eastern bloc countries, 117
Russian Academy, 27
Index 239
SAIPs see special alternative instructional
programs (SAIPs)
Sanskrit, 30
SCE see Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish)
Schiffman, H., 16
Schlesinger, Arthur, 66
Schmidt, R., 39, 63, 64–5
school effectiveness research, 54, 57
schools
as agencies of socialisation, 33–4, 99
reflect society, 186
role in teaching prestigious standard written
varieties, 160
Welsh bilingual, 99–102
see also primary schools; private schools;
secondary schools
science domain
dominance of English, 129–30, 137–8, 144,
172
inequalities in publication, 137–8
intertranslatability of terms, 28
spread of English publications, 112–13
Scotland, devolution, 5
Scots, 17
Scots Gaelic, 127
Scovel, T., 55
second language
choice in curriculum, 34–5
learning theory in teacher education, 196
nature of proficiency, 59–62
proficiency of teachers, 158–60, 162
support for L1 bilingual programs, 48
as teaching model, 161–2
see also English as a Second Language (ESL)
Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
costs of, 123
‘how-long-does-it-take’ issue, 59–62
individual or social, 158–60
inequalities of communication, 136–40
interlanguage paradigm, 158–60
and New Englishes, 158–60
optimal age question, 55, 62
use of L1 to facilitate, 180
secondary schools, medium of instruction in
African, 182–3, 190
SEI see Structured English Immersion (SEI)
Seidlhofer, B., 149, 151, 163, 175, 176, 177
semantic extension, 156, 173
semantic restriction, 156, 173
semantic shift, 29
‘semi-speakers’, 72
Senegal, 12, 127, 128
Serbian, 19
and Croatian, 21
Setswana, 183