Inventing our future Collective action for a sustainable economy

Appendices
Key terms
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ecosystems services
the benefits people derive from ecosystems. Examples include protection
from the sun’s ultraviolet rays, waste absorption and breakdown, water
filtration, flood and disease control, nutrient cycling and maintenance
and regeneration of habitat
employment land review
reviews undertaken by planning authorities to assess the demand for,
and supply of, land for employment
environmental goods and services
goods and services to manage and protect our natural resources.
Examples include remediation and reclamation of land; renewable
energy; waste management, recovery and recycling; and water supply
and wastewater treatment
foreign direct investment
direct investments in productive assets by a company incorporated in a
foreign country, as opposed to investments in shares of local companies
by foreign entities. This is also termed inward investment. This could
include new projects, expansions of existing projects, or mergers and
acquisitions activity
functional urban area
an economic geography comprising an urban core and fringe areas that
are connected through patterns of housing, work, education, supply
chains and use of services. They are ‘real’ economic geographies in that
they are not confined to, or defined by, administrative boundaries
further education
post-secondary education from basic training to higher national diploma
or foundation degree. A small proportion of higher education is taught in
further education colleges
global value chain
the globalisation of value chains – the process of producing goods, from
raw materials to the finished product – with each stage of the ‘chain’
being undertaken in the most competitive locations
globalisation
the increasing economic integration of the world in terms of trade,
investment and labour
green infrastructure
green spaces and landscapes within and around built developments
considered as an integral part of the design and development process
gross value added
a measure of the economy’s output based on the value of the goods and
services produced by the economy minus the cost of the raw materials
and other inputs used to produce them
higher education
education encompassing diplomas of higher education (DipHEs),
bachelor degrees, master degrees, MBAs and PhDs