Inventing our future Collective action for a sustainable economy

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44 Chapter 2 – An overview of social exclusion Information and communications technology (ICT) has an important role to play in increasing accessibility to information and advice, especially in rural areas. Broadband coverage has increased dramatically since this strategy was first published, now technically available to 99.5% of the region’s population, though this falls to 98% in rural communities (The State of the Countryside, 2006, Commission for Rural Communities). The concept of ‘digital exclusion’, however, is not just about ensuring everyone can access internet facilities, but also about making sure they have the skills to do so, and that there is appropriate content for them. It has been reported that excluded groups, such as people who are jobless, homeless, mentally ill, in prison, on probation or carers, find little on the internet that is of direct relevance, perhaps because much internet content is driven by commercial forces and is therefore aimed at higher income consumers (Beyond Access: ICT and social exclusion, Fabian Society, London, 2001). iii) Transport services The extent to which individuals are able to access appropriate transport services is a significant factor in both creating and reinforcing social exclusion. Lack of transport, and poor accessibility, have been identified as barriers to employment (see SO2 above), education and healthcare services (Making the Connections: final report on transport and social exclusion, SEU, 2003). They can also limit an individual’s opportunities to develop and maintain social networks. According to the SEU’s report, over 1.4 million people in England said they had missed out on medical help over the previous 12-month period because of access difficulties. People with physical disabilities can experience particular difficulty as in many cases adaptations have not been made. Transport access problems are particularly acute in rural areas where the distances required to travel tend to be greater, and public transport less frequent. • 16% of rural households do not own a car and 20% of adults in rural areas do not have a full driving licence (Annual Monitoring Report, East of England Local Government Conference, 2003). • Only one-third of rural households in the region have access to an hourly bus service (Annual Monitoring Report, East of England Local Government Conference, 2003). • Cost is a major barrier. Low-income households dependent on a car spend nearly a quarter of their weekly household expenditure on motoring (Making the Connections: final report on transport and social exclusion, SEU, 2003). Proposals to ease congestion through road pricing (The Eddington Transport Study, London, HM Treasury and Department of Transport, 2006) need to take into account the potential impact on social exclusion where affordable and accessible public transport alternatives do not exist, such as in remote rural areas. • Many railway stations are not accessible to wheelchair users. The two types of households who are least likely to own a car and are therefore most disadvantaged by poor access to services are single pensioners and lone parents. Almost a third of the 50,000 lone parents and 60% of single pensioners in the rural districts of the East of England do not own a car. Older, single women pensioners are the group of greatest concern. Many live alone and relatively few receive support from the local authority. Those living in small parishes often lack a local shop. All these factors combine to increase the likelihood of social isolation (Poverty & Social Inclusion in Rural Areas, New Policy Institute for OSEP, 2004).
Regional Social Strategy – the strategy to achieve social inclusion throughout the East of England 2.3 – SO8: To develop social networks, community assets and promote community cohesion i) Social networks Social exclusion occurs as a result of the complex interplay between poverty, poor life skills and social disconnectedness. Social relationships provide people with valuable resources that are not dependent on income. They enable individuals to connect to different types of help: emotional support, practical help (eg childcare) financial aid (eg loans) and information (eg about job opportunities). Parents who are vulnerable to social exclusion may not have such strong support networks or such wide access to help and advice. The transition from childhood to adulthood is an important time when lack of strong social support networks through friends, family or colleagues makes a person vulnerable to social exclusion. Retirement and old age are times when a person can become more socially isolated, either through disconnection from colleagues or through death of friends and family. Social networks are also a very important support to asylum seekers, refugees and migrant workers who invariably have limited knowledge of the English language and lack of understanding of UK culture and systems. People with good social networks live longer, are at reduced risk of coronary heart disease, are less likely to report being depressed, or to suffer a recurrence of cancer and less susceptible to infectious illness than those with poor social networks. 45
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Inventing our future Collective act
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2 Foreword Welcome to the East of E
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Michael Allen East of England Envir
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Where are we now? The purpose of th
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Where are we now? The purpose of th
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Where are we now? Policy context 10
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Where are we now? Long-term trends
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Where do we want to be? 2.1 Vision
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Where do we want to be? Headline re
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In the future, people in business w
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Our future in the East of England,
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The best way to nurture gifted youn
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Managers need to embrace the idea o
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What do we need to change? 3.1 Ente
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Enterprise Enterprises are the hear
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What do we need to change? Enterpri
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Innovation Innovation - the success
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What do we need to change? Innovati
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Digital Economy Digital technologie
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What do we need to change? Digital
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Resource Efficiency Getting more fr
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What do we need to change ? Resourc
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What do we need to change ? Resourc
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What do we need to change? Skills f
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What do we need to change? Skills f
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What do we need to change? Economic
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What do we need to change? Economic
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Transport A transport system that e
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What do we need to change? Transpor
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What do we need to change? Transpor
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Spatial Economy High-quality and di
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What do we need to change? Spatial
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What do we need to change? Spatial
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What do we need to change? The spat
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How do we get there? 4.1 Leadership
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How do we get there? Leadership, go
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Our universities’ interaction wit
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Peterborough plays a significant ro
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We aim to make the East of England
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How do we get there? Monitoring Hea
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Indicators linked to RES goals Ente
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From soca to steel pan, mas to new
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Indicators linked to RES goals Reso
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Indicators linked to RES goals Tran
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How do we get there? Monitoring 2.
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Appendices 5.1 Underlying principle
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Appendices Underlying principles Su
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Appendices Underlying principles Su
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Appendices Key terms 145 5.2 Key te
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Appendices Key terms 147 Integrated
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Appendices Key terms 149 qualificat
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Appendices Acronyms 151 5.3 Acronym
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Appendices List of stakeholders inv
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Appendices List of stakeholders inv
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If you know anyone who needs this d
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‘OUR ENVIRONMENT, OUR FUTURE’ T
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CONTENTS 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Why
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Introduction 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ENV
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The Landscape and Natural Environme
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The Historic and Built Environment
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The Historic and Built Environment
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Natural Resources • Surface Water
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Natural Resources Mineral extractio
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Meeting the Environmental Challenge
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The Way Forward 6.1 DELIVERING SUST
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The Way Forward SA11: Enhance biodi
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Appendix 1 - Bibliography Power of
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Appendix 3 - Other Regional Strateg
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HealthyFutures A Regional Health St
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HealthyFutures A Regional Health St
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Preface I am delighted to introduce
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10 6 What actually determines the h
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12 Delivering Healthy Futures 11 Gi
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01 Introduction Chapter summary Hea
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What the Strategy does not address
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20 2.5 Against this backdrop, the W
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22 Figure 2.1: Sustainable Futures:
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03 Describing the health of people
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Figure 3.2: Projected trends in old
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Figure 3.4: Trend in male life expe
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3.7 In 2001, the incidence of all c
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Local Authority Male Female Male Fe
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Figure 3.8: Unemployment Index of M
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Figure 3.12: Male life expectancy M
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Conclusions 3.19 Across the East of
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42 Figure 4.1: The main determinant
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44 The changing experience of group
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46 4.18 There is a direct relations
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48 Working and learning environment
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50 Access to health care and other
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52 Diet ‘People in lower socio-ec
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54 Figure 4.2: Summary table highli
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Section B: Healthy Futures: Regiona
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60 5.4 Healthy Futures has a number
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62 5.10 In response there is a need
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06 Theme A: Health in Sustainable C
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• Acknowledge the potential links
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Sustainable transport and health -
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Timescale Suggested lead partner(s)
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6.11 Against this backdrop, there i
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Young people, volunteering, social
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6.18 In addition, there are real op
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84 Nationally, the early years work
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86 7.7 The agenda with regard to ch
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88 Strategic Priority 4: To ensure
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90 Strategic Priority 5: To encoura
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92 (iii) Issues relating to life-wo
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94 Strategic Priority 5: To encoura
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96 Strategic Priority 6: To support
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98 Town and Bridge Project: Improvi
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100 Strategic Priority 6: To suppor
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102
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104 people seeking asylum and refug
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106 Strategic Priority 8: To harnes
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108 Strategic Priority 9: To unders
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110 Strategic Priority 9: To unders
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112
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116 Figure 9.1: Delivering Healthy
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118 Strategy Date published 2004 20
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120
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122 Consultation process Overview O
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124
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126 Links between Healthy Futures a
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128 • Improving the basic skill l
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130 C: Other PSA Targets (from SR20
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132 Active ageing This is defined b
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134 Social Capital Defined as ‘th
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136 Bibliography A Shared Vision: T
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138 The CHD National Service Framew
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Regional Housing Strategy for the E
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2 1 Foreword I am very pleased to i
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4 For the foreseeable future, most
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6 Recommendations for public invest
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8 8 Recommendations for public inve
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10 3.12 There are considerable diff
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12 Figure 1. Relationships between
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14 The regional strategic framework
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16 4.25 In preparing the East of En
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18 Each of these sub-regions has a
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20 5 More, sustainable housing prov
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22 Strategic policy: planning frame
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24 5.28 Partnering: the principle o
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26 5.40 EEDA, the development indus
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28 5.54 Local Authorities: local au
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30 5.62 EEDA has a key role to play
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32 6.10 Quality applies as much to
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34 6.31 The EERA/RHB must ensure th
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36 6.53 The EERA/RHB will encourage
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38 6.63 There are three levels of a
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40 Figure 8. Policy framework: hous
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42 7.10 Barriers to achieving more
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44 raising awareness of refugees as
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46 Providing mixed communities and
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48 Figure 10. Policy framework: pro
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50 Supply of affordable housing 7.5
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52 Homelessness 7.69 Rising levels
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54 Supporting people 7.82 ’Suppor
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56 7.95 There is a lack of detailed
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58 8.4 The most significant source
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60 8.14 The Decent Homes Standard i
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62 Disabled Facilities Grants 8.30
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64 recommended in national guidance
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66 Figure 17. Investment themes The
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68 Thematic targeting of investment
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70 Growth 8.61 Three of the Growth
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72 8.77 Similarly, although much pr
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74 8.94 This is not necessarily abo
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76 9 Implementation, managing and m
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78 Monitoring and review of the RHS
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Page 422 and 423: 84 10 Appendix Appendix 1 - deliver
Page 425 and 426: Regional Social Strategy the strate
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Page 430 and 431: 6 Achievements of the strategy to d
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Page 434 and 435: 10 Chapter 1 - Vision, aims & objec
Page 440 and 441: 16 Chapter 2 - An overview of socia
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94 Chapter 3 - Effective interventi
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96 Glossary Glossary BME Black and
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98 Acknowledgements Acknowledgement
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