Inventing our future Collective action for a sustainable economy

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Natural Resources Mineral extraction can have a significant impact upon the landscape and on habitats. However, former quarries such as Warren Pit in Essex can develop considerable wildlife and amenity interest, particularly if sensitively restored. © English Nature/Chris Gibson • Floodplains – These are a natural defence against flooding. • Waste Disposal – Mineral removal leaves the opportunity for waste to be disposed as landfill into the holes that remain after their removal, although this is no longer considered sustainable. • Renewable Energy – The land surface has the potential for supplying renewable energy through the growth of energy crops and capturing solar energy, although the majority of energy produced by the region comes from offshore oil and gas. Assessment of the Current State • Development - There are no major urban conurbations in the region, which, historically, was not a centre for large-scale industrial development. Many of the towns and cities have attractive historic centres and are desirable places in which to live. There is great pressure for new development where towns are connected to national and regional 28 The Regional Environment Strategy for The East of England transport networks. Whilst some of the major settlements have previously developed land and buildings (brownfield land) available for re-use, there is limited space to expand many of the other towns within their existing boundaries. This has led to pressure to build on greenfield sites and Green Belt. The average density of new housing in the region between 1997-2001 was 22 dwellings per hectare, the lowest nationally together with the Yorkshire and Humber region. In 2002, the region did not quite achieve the national target of 60% development on brownfield land. • Soil Quality –The East of England has 58% of the country’s Grade 1 and 2 land. However, some soils in the region have either too little or too much organic matter, which has resulted in a drop in soil quality. • Soil Erosion – Parts of the region have light soils, for example the sands of the Brecks and the peats of the Fens, which make them susceptible to wind erosion. Some land use activities such as the region’s large pig farming industry and cropping can also be a significant contributor to soil erosion. In addition, archaeological deposits below exposed soils in the Fens are at risk of damage from ploughing. • Contaminated Land – There is no reliable figure of the extent of land affected by contamination, although estimates suggest there is more than 300,000 hectares. A new contaminated land regime has created an improved legislative mechanism to restore such land. All local authorities must now produce a strategy to identify and assess the contaminated land sites in their area, with a view to securing their remediation. • Minerals – The most important mineral that occurs within the region, in terms of volume, is sand and gravel, much of which is used locally. Other minerals include limestone, clay for brick making, chalk for cement and agricultural uses, as well as other specialised minerals such as fullers earth and silica sand. Offshore dredging is a major source of aggregates, although these are often transported abroad. • Flooding - Over 125,000 properties in the region are currently estimated to be at risk from sea and river flooding, affecting around 5% of the population. A projected growth of over 20,000 households per annum until 2016, coupled with the effects of climate change, could exert even greater pressure on flood risk areas. • Waste Disposal - Data available from the Strategic Waste Management Assessment carried out by the Environment Agency shows that in the East of England in 1998/99, commercial and industrial waste ‘arisings’ totalled 6.1 million tonnes. In addition a further 7 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste were produced in the region. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collected by local authorities, or taken to their ‘civic amenity sites’ was 2.9 million tonnes, of which approximately 1.4 million tonnes was Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW). Large quantities of agricultural waste and significant amounts of hazardous and restricted wastes also required treatment or disposal. In 1998/99 the majority of waste produced in the region was deposited in landfill sites. In addition to the 5.4 million tonnes of municipal, commercial and industrial waste produced in the region and deposited in landfill sites, a further 3 million tonnes was brought into the region for disposal, mainly from the London area. Most of this also went to landfill, which is of limited capacity. Fly tipping, particularly of building waste from London, is increasingly affecting farmland and communities in the south of the region. Natural Resources • Renewable Energy – Several contracts have been secured, or are being negotiated, by companies in the region to use locally grown energy crops to establish or supply fuel plants in the region and elsewhere. During December 2002 and early January 2003 serious flooding affected the East of England following heavy rainfall. The main focus was the River Great Ouse where high levels and flows affected the entire extent of the river. December 2002 was a very wet month with double the long term average of rainfall being recorded across much of the region. Some areas had a fortnight’s worth of rain in one day. It was estimated that just under 200 properties were flooded in the region, out of 180,000 at risk. © Environment Agency The Regional Environment Strategy for The East of England 29
Natural Resources 30 The Regional Environment Strategy for The East of England 5 MEETING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE The previous chapters show that the environment of the East of England is rich and diverse, but that its overall quality has been reducing over time. The environment is naturally dynamic, responding slowly to changes in the climate and natural processes such as erosion. However, over the last few thousand years, human activity has resulted in a much faster rate of change than has ever happened before. This has been particularly rapid over the last two hundred years. The nature of modern lifestyles has created a situation where natural processes struggle to keep up. The principles of sustainable development require that we live within the capacity of natural systems to cope, and that we hand on our environmental heritage, whether natural or man-made, to future generations in at least as healthy a state as we found it. This puts enormous responsibility on us all to be very careful in the way that we treat and manage the environment. It also means that we all have to face up to some serious environmental challenges. This chapter sets out what these challenges are likely to be as we move towards the year 2021, drawing upon the assessment in the previous chapters. Meeting the Environmental Challenge Environmental Challenges Facing the East of England • Delivering sustainable patterns and forms of development. • Meeting the challenges and opportunities of climate change. • Ensuring environmental sustainability in the economy. • Enhancing environmental capital. • Achieving sustainable lifestyles. 5.1 DELIVERING SUSTAINABLE PATTERNS AND FORMS OF DEVELOPMENT Strategic Aims SA1: Accommodate population and economic growth whilst protecting and enhancing the environment. SA2: Reduce the need to travel and achieve a switch to more sustainable modes of transport. SA3: Deliver sustainable design. SA1: Accommodate Population and Economic Growth whilst Protecting and Enhancing the Environment Key Issues The East of England has one of the fastest growing populations and economies in the UK. Whilst there are no major urban conurbations, the region borders the vast metropolis of London, and rapidly expanding Milton Keynes. Many of the towns and The Regional Environment Strategy for The East of England 31
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Inventing our future Collective act
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2 Foreword Welcome to the East of E
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Michael Allen East of England Envir
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Where are we now? The purpose of th
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Where are we now? The purpose of th
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Where are we now? Policy context 10
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Where are we now? Long-term trends
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Where do we want to be? 2.1 Vision
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Where do we want to be? Headline re
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In the future, people in business w
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Our future in the East of England,
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The best way to nurture gifted youn
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Managers need to embrace the idea o
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What do we need to change? 3.1 Ente
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Enterprise Enterprises are the hear
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What do we need to change? Enterpri
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Innovation Innovation - the success
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What do we need to change? Innovati
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Digital Economy Digital technologie
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What do we need to change? Digital
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Resource Efficiency Getting more fr
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What do we need to change ? Resourc
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What do we need to change ? Resourc
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What do we need to change? Skills f
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What do we need to change? Skills f
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What do we need to change? Economic
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What do we need to change? Economic
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Transport A transport system that e
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What do we need to change? Transpor
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What do we need to change? Transpor
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Spatial Economy High-quality and di
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What do we need to change? Spatial
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What do we need to change? Spatial
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What do we need to change? The spat
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How do we get there? 4.1 Leadership
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How do we get there? Leadership, go
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Our universities’ interaction wit
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Peterborough plays a significant ro
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Page 124 and 125: We aim to make the East of England
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Page 142 and 143: Appendices Underlying principles Su
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Page 146 and 147: Appendices Key terms 145 5.2 Key te
Page 148 and 149: Appendices Key terms 147 Integrated
Page 150 and 151: Appendices Key terms 149 qualificat
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Page 158 and 159: If you know anyone who needs this d
Page 160 and 161: ‘OUR ENVIRONMENT, OUR FUTURE’ T
Page 162 and 163: CONTENTS 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Why
Page 164 and 165: Introduction 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ENV
Page 166 and 167: The Landscape and Natural Environme
Page 168 and 169: The Historic and Built Environment
Page 170 and 171: The Historic and Built Environment
Page 172 and 173: Natural Resources • Surface Water
Page 176 and 177: Meeting the Environmental Challenge
Page 190 and 191: The Way Forward 6.1 DELIVERING SUST
Page 192 and 193: The Way Forward SA11: Enhance biodi
Page 194 and 195: Appendix 1 - Bibliography Power of
Page 196 and 197: Appendix 3 - Other Regional Strateg
Page 200 and 201: HealthyFutures A Regional Health St
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Page 206: Preface I am delighted to introduce
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Page 214 and 215: 01 Introduction Chapter summary Hea
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03 Describing the health of people
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Figure 3.2: Projected trends in old
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Figure 3.4: Trend in male life expe
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3.7 In 2001, the incidence of all c
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Local Authority Male Female Male Fe
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Figure 3.8: Unemployment Index of M
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Figure 3.12: Male life expectancy M
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Conclusions 3.19 Across the East of
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42 Figure 4.1: The main determinant
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44 The changing experience of group
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46 4.18 There is a direct relations
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48 Working and learning environment
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50 Access to health care and other
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52 Diet ‘People in lower socio-ec
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54 Figure 4.2: Summary table highli
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Section B: Healthy Futures: Regiona
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60 5.4 Healthy Futures has a number
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62 5.10 In response there is a need
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06 Theme A: Health in Sustainable C
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• Acknowledge the potential links
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Sustainable transport and health -
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Timescale Suggested lead partner(s)
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6.11 Against this backdrop, there i
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Young people, volunteering, social
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6.18 In addition, there are real op
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84 Nationally, the early years work
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86 7.7 The agenda with regard to ch
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88 Strategic Priority 4: To ensure
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90 Strategic Priority 5: To encoura
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92 (iii) Issues relating to life-wo
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94 Strategic Priority 5: To encoura
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96 Strategic Priority 6: To support
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98 Town and Bridge Project: Improvi
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100 Strategic Priority 6: To suppor
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102
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104 people seeking asylum and refug
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106 Strategic Priority 8: To harnes
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108 Strategic Priority 9: To unders
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110 Strategic Priority 9: To unders
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112
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116 Figure 9.1: Delivering Healthy
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118 Strategy Date published 2004 20
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120
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122 Consultation process Overview O
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124
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126 Links between Healthy Futures a
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128 • Improving the basic skill l
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130 C: Other PSA Targets (from SR20
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132 Active ageing This is defined b
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134 Social Capital Defined as ‘th
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136 Bibliography A Shared Vision: T
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138 The CHD National Service Framew
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Regional Housing Strategy for the E
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2 1 Foreword I am very pleased to i
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4 For the foreseeable future, most
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6 Recommendations for public invest
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8 8 Recommendations for public inve
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10 3.12 There are considerable diff
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12 Figure 1. Relationships between
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14 The regional strategic framework
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16 4.25 In preparing the East of En
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18 Each of these sub-regions has a
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20 5 More, sustainable housing prov
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22 Strategic policy: planning frame
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24 5.28 Partnering: the principle o
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26 5.40 EEDA, the development indus
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28 5.54 Local Authorities: local au
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30 5.62 EEDA has a key role to play
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32 6.10 Quality applies as much to
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34 6.31 The EERA/RHB must ensure th
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36 6.53 The EERA/RHB will encourage
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38 6.63 There are three levels of a
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40 Figure 8. Policy framework: hous
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42 7.10 Barriers to achieving more
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44 raising awareness of refugees as
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46 Providing mixed communities and
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48 Figure 10. Policy framework: pro
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50 Supply of affordable housing 7.5
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52 Homelessness 7.69 Rising levels
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54 Supporting people 7.82 ’Suppor
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56 7.95 There is a lack of detailed
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58 8.4 The most significant source
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60 8.14 The Decent Homes Standard i
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62 Disabled Facilities Grants 8.30
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64 recommended in national guidance
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66 Figure 17. Investment themes The
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68 Thematic targeting of investment
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70 Growth 8.61 Three of the Growth
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72 8.77 Similarly, although much pr
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74 8.94 This is not necessarily abo
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76 9 Implementation, managing and m
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78 Monitoring and review of the RHS
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80 Strategic risk Operational risk
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82 Action Regional housing provider
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84 10 Appendix Appendix 1 - deliver
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Regional Social Strategy the strate
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Regional Social Strategy - the stra
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6 Achievements of the strategy to d
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8 Achievements of the strategy to d
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10 Chapter 1 - Vision, aims & objec
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16 Chapter 2 - An overview of socia
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48 Chapter 3 - Effective interventi
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96 Glossary Glossary BME Black and
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98 Acknowledgements Acknowledgement
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Inventing our future Collective action for a sustainable economy

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