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PhD Final Thesis April 2013.pdf - Anglia Ruskin Research Online

PhD Final Thesis April 2013.pdf - Anglia Ruskin Research Online

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<strong>Thesis</strong> Keith Gale 2013Table 8.3: Independent samples t-test results for transaction cost quotientsLevene's Testfor Equality ofVariancest-test for Equality of Means95%ConfidenceInterval of theStd.DifferenceF Sig. t dfSig. (2-tailed)MeanDiffErrorDiffLowerUpperEngagementtransactioncost quotientPerformancemonitoringtransactioncost quotientTotaltransactioncost quotientEqualvariancesassumedEqualvariances notassumedEqualvariancesassumedEqualvariances notassumedEqualvariancesassumedEqualvariances notassumed9.470 .003 5.000 118 .000 .1129 .0225 .0682 .15765.000 80.34 .000 .1129 .0225 .0679 .15781.331 .251 1.869 118 .064 .0580 .0310 -.0034 .11941.869 89.08 .065 .0580 .0310 -.0036 .11974.490 .036 3.547 118 .001 .1709 .0482 .0755 .26643.547 81.16 .001 .1709 .0482 .0750 .26688.9 Interpretation of transaction cost results from independent samples t-testsLevene’s test (Levene, 1960) for equality is used to determine whether the samevariance of scores occur for both groups. The relevant t-test value (equal variancesassumed or equal variances not assumed) is used to calculate effect size to provide anindication of the magnitude of difference between the groups. For all independent t-tests, an Eta squared formula is used to determine effect size with values between 0178

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