PhD Final Thesis April 2013.pdf - Anglia Ruskin Research Online

Thesis Keith Gale 20139.2 Questionnaire constructionFor this research, a questionnaire is used to measure attitudes of participants andthose who have technical knowledge of frameworks. An example of the returned andcompleted questionnaire is shown in Appendix 5. The predominant feature of thequestionnaire is to obtain responses to statements posed concerning the twoprocurement engagement methods. Most responses are categorical but descriptorvariables are available (Oppenheim, 1992), for example, where opinions regardingthe research topic are asked. Responses to categorical questions are measured againsta balanced Likert (1932) ordinal scale. Wording used in the questionnaire followssuggestions made by Peterson (2000):• Language – using clear and unambiguous plain spoken English (although ofa technical class).• Succinct – minimum use of words to convey meaning.• Relevance – making questions relevant for participants to ensureengagement.• Specific – the questions posed are specifically crafted toward a technicallycompetent audience.• Objectivity – initial questions (Q6 to Q17) allow a selection of responseswhich are neutral in construction, whereas Q18 to Q39 are statements whichbalance each other in opposition. Objectives of neutrality and balance areused to create an unbiased survey.9.3 Sample size of questionnaireAn assessment was made of the total population of people directly connected withthe design, procurement, supervision and management for projects contained withinthe case study period within the capital works programme. In assessment of thetarget population, participants from employers and suppliers organisations is throughspecific qualities that include an active knowledge of construction processes andmanagement techniques (professional knowledge) or a working involvement with theconstruction industry (operational knowledge). As questionnaires are directed at aspecific social class and include technical language, the population was contained195