Reaching the marginalized: EFA global monitoring report, 2010; 2010

010HIGHLIGHTS OF THE EFA REPORT 20102Education for All Global Monitoring ReportReaching the marginalizedGovernments are failing to address the rootcauses of marginalization in education. The newDeprivation and Marginalization in Education dataset highlights the level of exclusion in eightycountries...In twenty-two countries, 30% or more of young adultshave fewer than four years of education, and this risesto 50% or more in eleven sub-Saharan Africancountries.In twenty-six countries, 20% or more of young adultshave fewer than two years of schooling and, in somecountries, including Burkina Faso and Somalia,the share is 50% or more.Inequalities often combine to exacerbate the risk ofbeing left behind. In Turkey, 43% of Kurdish-speakinggirls from the poorest households have fewer thantwo years of education, while the national averageis 6%; in Nigeria, 97% of poor Hausa-speaking girlshave fewer than two years of education.Failure to address inequalities, stigmatization anddiscrimination linked to wealth, gender, ethnicity,language, location and disability is holding backprogress towards Education for All....and the need to create inclusive educationsystems:Increase access and improve affordability for excludedgroups by lowering cost barriers, bringing schoolscloser to marginalized communities and developing‘second-chance’ programmes.Improve the learning environment by deploying skilledteachers equitably, targeting financial and learningsupport to disadvantaged schools, and providingintercultural and bilingual education.Meeting the cost of Education for AllThe record on aid for education is disappointing…Overall aid has been increasing, but commitmentsare falling short of the US$50 billion increase pledgedin 2005. Africa faces the greatest projected shortfall,estimated at US$18 billion.Aid to education has been rising, but commitmentshave recently stagnated. Aid commitments to basiceducation fell by 22% to US$4.3 billion in 2007.Aid to education is not always reaching those whoneed it most. Some donors continue to give insufficientpriority to basic education. Countries affected byconflict are not receiving enough support, underminingprospects for recovery.Education lacks a strong multilateral framework foraccelerated progress, suffering from a narrow donorbase and an absence of funding from private sources....donors and recipient governments must bothincrease resources available to education andimprove aid governance:Low-income countries could themselves makeavailable an additional US$7 billion a year – or 0.7%of GDP. Even with this effort, large financing gapswill remain. The Report estimates the financing gapto meet the EFA goals in low-income countries atUS$16 billion annually.Donors should strengthen efforts to implementthe Paris agenda on aid effectiveness and reviewthe balance of their support for the different levelsof education.Donors must also scale up aid to countries affectedby conflict, finding innovative ways of providinglonger-term, coordinated support.Expand entitlements and opportunities by enforcinglaws against discrimination, providing social protectionprogrammes and redistributing public finance.Develop disaggregated data collection systemsto identify marginalized groups and monitor theirprogress.The international multilateral framework forcooperation in education needs to be strengthenedthrough fundamental reform of the EFA Fast TrackInitiative.The United Nations should convene an emergencypledging conference in 2010 to mobilize theadditional financing required and to fulfil the Dakarcommitment.2