Reaching the marginalized: EFA global monitoring report, 2010; 2010

0120ANNEXEducation for All Global Monitoring Reporteducation expenditure 26–7, 126, 127–30,128, 273, 274financial management systems 236financing gap 119, 127–30, 127, 129, 130learning achievement 105, 106, 107, 109marginalization in 138, 139–54primary education 70, 106teacher remuneration 123, 126low-income families see household wealth;wealth inequalitieslower secondary educationsee also basic educationcosting targets 121, 122costs of achieving EFA 125, 126financing gap 119, 130out-of-school children 55, 74rural areas 177transition to 75, 166nLuxembourgeducation aid donor 229, 230disbursements 222fair share of target 223national systems 237Global Fund donor 263learning achievement 110reading literacy 108MMacao, Chinareading literacy 108Macedonia see the former Yugoslav republicof MacedoniaMadagascaradult literacy 97basic education 127, 128classroom construction 126ECCE programmes 52education aid 251disbursements 255, 256, 257national systems 236education expenditure 126, 127education poverty 141, 162, 163fiscal space 30, 31gender parity/disparity 141, 162, 163national plan endorsement 253out-of-school children 163primary education 126enrolment 59, 62, 63pupil/teacher ratio 115, 115relative deprivation 151rural areas 162, 163school completion 72, 73stunted children 44teachers 114technical and vocational education 86mainstream schoolingsee also inclusive educationchildren with disabilities 182, 202, 203Malawiadult literacy 97, 98–9basic education 127, 128child mortality rates 43children with disabilities 182classroom construction 126dropout rates 72education aid, national systems 236education costs 166education expenditure 126, 127education poverty 140, 162, 163fiscal space 30, 31gender parity/disparity 98–9, 162, 163HIV and AIDS 184human rights 293learning achievement 106orphans 184out-of-school children 56, 59, 163, 166primary education 126enrolment 59, 59, 63, 65pupil/teacher ratio 115rural areas 162, 163school completion 72, 73stunted children 44teachers 116, 117youth unemployment 83Malaysialearning achievement 105relative deprivation 157technical and vocational education 79males see boysMaliadult literacy 95, 96, 97basic education 127, 128child labour 168, 169, 169, 209concessional loans 35education aid 219, 228disbursements 256, 257national systems 236education expenditure 126, 127education poverty 141, 143, 162, 163fiscal space 30, 31gender parity/disparity 66, 141, 162, 163health aid 239language gap 150national plan endorsement 253out-of-school children 60, 70, 163primary education 126enrolment 59, 63, 65reading literacy 112relative deprivation 151rural areas 162, 163school completion 72stunted children 44teachers 117technical and vocational education 86youth literacy 99malnutritionsee also child health and nutritioneffect on child development 42–5, 43, 46,167importance of eradication 42increase due to rising food prices 24in indigenous groups 170programmes 48, 208–9, 294, 295see also school feeding programmesMaltalearning achievement 105Māori people 158–9language movement 206, 206marginalization 173, 206pre-primary education 53marginalizationsee also disadvantage; ethnic minoritygroups; gender parity/disparity(EFA goal); indigenous peoples;poverty; regional disparities;relative deprivation; rural areas;womenand child labour 168–9in educationsee also access to educationaddressing see inclusive educationchildren’s experiences 187and conflict areas see conflict areasmain entryand disability 181–4, 183, 183, 191education poverty see educationpoverty main entryand language 172–5, 174and learning achievement 155–7, 157importance of learning environment196local issues 192–4, 193measurement 138–9and pastoralist communities 143, 144,147, 178–9, 178, 179primary education 71, 71, 147quality of education 139, 154regional differences 145–6relative deprivation 139, 150–1, 152,155–9and social exclusion 164and social identity 171–2, 171, 172estimating populations for support 125factors 164, 175–9, 272financing needs 119, 120HIV and AIDS sufferers 184–5legislation and rights 203–6, 204, 205and poverty 164–8relationship with education 136slum dwellers 165, 166, 175–6, 176targeted programme costing 123, 124,125–6ten-year plan 272–5unemployment programmes 90marriage, young age of girls 75, 136, 167,178, 205mathematics achievement 105–6, 105, 107,108, 109, 109, 111, 154, 156, 156,157, 200Mauritaniaadult literacy 97basic education 127, 128classroom construction 126education aid 254disbursements 256, 257, 258education expenditure 126, 127fiscal space 30, 31national plan endorsement 253primary education 126enrolment 63, 65pupil/teacher ratio 115school completion 72, 73secondary education 75stunted children 44teachers 114Mauritiushuman rights 292, 293school completion 73technical and vocational education 78MDGs see Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)medical model of disability 181mental impairment 181, 183, 183Mexicoadult literacy 100, 101cash transfer programmes 207, 209education poverty 145–6, 148, 153ethnic minority groups 153gender parity/disparity 101Global Fund donor 263improving equity 111500