Reaching the marginalized: EFA global monitoring report, 2010; 2010

INDEXhealth service improvements 47–8issues to be addressed 42programmes 49–50, 49, 52, 53, 53see also programmes main entryprogress towards 42–8goal 2, universal primary educationsee also access to education; dropout;education povertyaid 219, 228–31proposed from football levy 232,233, 233bilateral aid 219, 229–30completion 72–4, 72, 73effect of conflict 69costing targets 121, 122costs of achieving EFA 125–6, 125dropout see dropout main entryeducation cost reduction 189–90educational achievement see learningachievementenrolment 61–71, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66,67, 68, 69, 69, 71, 218–19, 257, 259,261financing gap 120, 130FTI objective 249gender disparity 54, 62, 64–7, 65, 66,66–7, 67, 68, 68, 71, 147, 170, 219gross intake rates 72, 73late enrolment 59–60, 60, 72–3, 72,170national plans 238, 250, 253, 253, 254,258, 259non-government provision 175, 176,176, 194, 195, 245out-of-school children 55–61, 56, 57,58–9, 59, 60, 61, 70, 70problems remaining 54–5progress towards 41, 54, 136, 147regional disparities 68, 68, 69–71, 70,71rights legislation 292school attendance 60–1, 61, 66–7, 67,68, 147, 152, 153survival rates to grade 5 73teacher recruitment 116, 117, 126,126, 190, 197, 199, 201teaching hours 114wealthier countries failure 69–71, 70,71goal 3, learning and life skillsimportance for economic success 76funding 78–9issues to be addressed 76–7progress towards 41second chance programmes 77, 87,89–91, 90, 91technical and vocational provision77–8, 79–82, 79, 84–9, 85, 86, 88,91–3goal 4, adult literacycosting targets 121, 122, 123, 123costs of achieving 124, 125definition 94–5financing gap 120n, 130gender disparity 80, 94, 98–9, 98n, 99,100, 100and home language 99, 100, 112and household wealth 96, 99, 100, 101indigenous peoples 158–9, 159, 170literacy rates 94n, 95, 95, 96, 97, 97,98, 99, 101and marginalization 136monitoring 96, 97parental literacy and learningachievement 154programmes 103, 103, 124progress towards 96–9, 98, 99regional disparities 96, 99–100, 101trends 100goal 5, gender parity 41access to education 64–7, 66, 66–7,81, 136, 152, 153, 166, 167, 171,177, 178, 178–9, 180, 186adult literacy 80, 94, 98–9, 98n, 99,100, 100effect of aid 219, 228–31child labour 168–9effect of classroom construction 191effect of economic shocks 167and education poverty 140–3, 141, 142,143, 144–5, 145–6, 147, 148–9, 148,149, 151, 152, 153, 156, 160–3and employment 82, 83, 83, 85and indigenous peoples 146, 149, 170learning achievement 109out-of-school children 54, 56, 58, 60, 61pre-primary education 50primary education 54, 62, 64–7, 65, 66,66–7, 67, 68, 68, 71, 147, 170, 219progress towards 41, 54rights legislation 292, 293school attendance 147secondary education 81effect of targeted programmes 208,294, 295targets 122technical and vocational education 86,87goal 6, quality of educationimproving 111, 114–18inequalities between countries 105–7issues to be addressed 104and marginalization 139, 154pre-school 53and reading skills 112–13regional disparities 107–9school disparities 109–11, 110and economic downturn 19, 20, 36, 217,222–3, 224effect of financial crisis 32financing gap, costings 120–6funding required 248monitoring 41, 96, 97importance of political leadership 267raising awareness of need for educationaid 232reducing marginalization 136, 271rights legislation 292setting equity-based targets 272Egyptadult literacy 95, 96, 97, 98ECCE programmes 52, 52education aid 230education poverty 140, 140, 141, 142, 143,144, 160, 161gender parity/disparity 142, 144, 160, 161learning achievement 105, 105, 106out-of-school children 70, 161primary education, enrolment 62, 63relative deprivation 151, 157rural areas 142, 144, 160, 161school completion 72technical and vocational education 78, 84,86, 230youth unemployment 82El Salvadorchild labour 111learning achievement 105, 105, 107, 110,111reading literacy 108remittances 25, 33school completion 72, 73‘second chance’ programmes 90secondary education 81emergency contexts see conflict areas;external shocksemploymentsee also unemploymentand gender disparity 82, 83, 83, 85indigenous peoples 170informal 87legislation 292, 293links with schools 92targeted programmes 89, 90, 91–2, 207,208Englandsee also United Kingdomadult literacy 96education aid, levy 233, 233learning achievement 105, 106, 107, 107,110, 156targeted programmes 199, 200enrolmenteffect of abolition of school fees 166, 190,259children with disabilities 182and gender disparity 64–5, 65, 66, 67, 67,67, 68, 170, 190late 59–60, 60, 72–3, 72, 167, 171pre-primary education 50, 51, 51primary education 61–71, 62, 63, 64, 65,66, 67, 68, 69, 69, 70, 71, 166, 170and aid 218–19, 257, 259, 261effect of being orphaned 184–5increase in middle-income countries 25pastoralist communities 179, 179, 193rural areas 71, 177progress towards goals 54response to programmes 166, 190, 207,209, 210, 259, 294, 295secondary education 80–1, 80, 219effect of social protection programmes209, 210, 294, 295tertiary 80TVE programmes 79, 80Entra 21 (Latin America) 90entrants to primary school 58, 59–60, 60,72–3, 72, 73, 167, 171equal opportunitiesfailure of governments 137right to 135–6equality see equal opportunities; equity;gender parity/disparity (EFA goal);inclusive educationEquatorial Guineagender parity/disparity 66primary education, enrolment 63, 65stunted children 44equitysee also equal opportunities;gender parity/disparity (EFA goal);inclusive education493