Reaching the marginalized: EFA global monitoring report, 2010; 2010

0120ANNEXEducation for All Global Monitoring ReportNew entrants. Pupils entering a given level of educationfor the first time; the difference between enrolmentand repeaters in the first grade of the level.New entrants to the first grade of primary educationwith ECCE experience (%). Number of new entrantsto the first grade of primary school who have attendedthe equivalent of at least 200 hours of organized ECCEprogrammes, expressed as a percentage of the totalnumber of new entrants to the first grade.Non-formal education. Learning activities typicallyorganized outside the formal education system. Theterm is generally contrasted with formal and informaleducation. In different contexts, non-formal educationcovers educational activities aimed at imparting adultliteracy, basic education for out-of-school childrenand youth, life skills, work skills and general culture.Odds ratio. A number comparing the probability of onegroup achieving a particular outcome, compared withanother group. For instance, if a group has an oddsratio of 2 for being able to read and write, peoplein that group are twice as likely to be literate as thecomparison group. Odds ratios are used to interpretthe results of statistical techniques such as logisticregression.Out-of-school children. Children in the official primaryschool age range who are not enrolled in eitherprimary or secondary school.Post-secondary non-tertiary education (ISCED level 4).Programmes that lie between the upper secondaryand tertiary levels from an international point of view,even though they might clearly be considered uppersecondary or tertiary programmes in a nationalcontext. They are often not significantly more advancedthan programmes at ISCED level 3 (upper secondary)but they serve to broaden the knowledge of studentswho have completed a programme at that level. Thestudents are usually older than those at ISCED level 3.ISCED 4 programmes typically last between six monthsand two years.Pre-primary education (ISCED level 0). Programmesat the initial stage of organized instruction, primarilydesigned to introduce very young children, aged at least3 years, to a school-type environment and provide abridge between home and school. Variously referredto as infant education, nursery education, pre-schooleducation, kindergarten or early childhood education,such programmes are the more formal component ofECCE. Upon completion of these programmes, childrencontinue their education at ISCED 1 (primary education).Primary adjusted net attendance rate (ANAR). Numberof pupils of the official primary school age group whoattend school in either primary or secondary education,expressed as a percentage of the population in thatage group.Primary adjusted net enrolment ratio (ANER). Enrolmentof children of the official primary school age groupin either primary or secondary schools, expressedas a percentage of the population in that age group.Primary cohort completion rate. Proxy measure ofprimary school completion. It focuses on childrenwho have access to school, measuring how manysuccessfully complete it. The primary cohortcompletion rate is the product of the survival rateto the last grade and the percentage of those inthe last grade who successfully graduate.Primary education (ISCED level 1). Programmesnormally designed on a unit or project basis to givepupils a sound basic education in reading, writing andmathematics, and an elementary understanding ofsubjects such as history, geography, natural sciences,social sciences, art and music.Private enrolment/institutions. Number ofpupils/students enrolled in private institutions,that is, in institutions that are not operated by publicauthorities but are controlled and managed,whether for profit or not, by private bodies such asnongovernment organizations, religious bodies, specialinterest groups, foundations or business enterprises.Public enrolment/institutions. Number of studentsenrolled in public institutions, that is, institutionscontrolled and managed by public authorities oragencies (national/federal, state/provincial or local),whatever the origins of their financial resources.Public expenditure on education. Total current andcapital expenditure on education by local, regionaland national governments, including municipalities.Household contributions are excluded. The termcovers public expenditure for both public andprivate institutions.Pupil/teacher ratio (PTR). Average number of pupilsper teacher at a specific level of education.Pupil/trained-teacher ratio. Average number of pupilsper trained teacher at a specific level of education.448