Reaching the marginalized: EFA global monitoring report, 2010; 2010

INDEXnational plan endorsement 253out-of-school children 161Algeriaadult literacy 96human rights 293learning achievement 105, 106, 107, 110school completion 73America see individual countries; LatinAmerica and the Caribbean; NorthAmerica and Western Europe;United StatesAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act 91anaemia 46Angolaadult literacy 97education aid disbursements 242education expenditure 242stunted children 44Anguillaschool completion 72, 73antenatal careaccess 42, 46, 47, 47, 48, 48, 170, 181malnutrition in pregnancy 45, 46Antigua and Barbudaprimary education, enrolment 65antiretroviral therapy 47, 184nAntoine et al. v. Winner School District 205apprenticeships 87, 88, 91Arab Statessee also individual countriesadolescents in school 75adult literacy 95, 95, 97, 97, 98, 99, 99,100, 101gender parity/disparity 58, 64, 81, 99, 99,109learning achievement 100, 106, 109literacy programmes 96low birth weight 45out-of-school children 56, 58, 59, 60, 74,74, 75pre-primary education 50, 51primary education, enrolment 62secondary education 80–1, 80, 81, 89stunted children 44teachers 116technical and vocational education 77, 80tertiary education 80, 81youth literacy 99youth unemployment 82Argentinareading literacy 108, 109‘second chance’ programmes 89, 90technical and vocational education 79armed conflict see conflict areasArmeniaeducation poverty and gender disparity,rural areas 160, 161learning achievement 105, 107, 110out-of-school children 161Arubaschool completion 73Asiasee also Central Asia; East Asia andthe Pacific; individual countries;South Asia; South and West Asia;South-East Asiaeconomic growth 23, 31Asian Development Fund (AsDF) 229, 230, 237assessments see learning assessmentsAtención a Crisis (Nicaragua) 295attendance see school attendanceAustraliabilingual education 201, 201education aid donor 229, 230, 245nCatalytic Fund 255disbursements 222fair share of target 223national systems 237ethnic minority groups 158, 159, 170Global Fund donor 263human rights 292, 293learning achievement 105, 107, 110reading literacy 108, 159relative poverty 170technical and vocational education 92youth unemployment 83, 84Austriaeducation aid donor 229, 230disbursements 222fair share of target 223national systems 237learning achievement 107, 110reading literacy 108youth unemployment 83autism, attitudes towards 182Azerbaijaneducation poverty and gender disparity,rural areas 160, 161out-of-school children 161school completion 73Bbabies see neonatal mortality; under-3sBahamashuman rights 292Bahrainlearning achievement 105primary education, enrolment 62Bangladeshadult literacy 95, 95, 97, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101basic education 127, 128cash transfer programmes 210children with disabilities 183, 191, 202complementary education programmes195education aid, national systems 236, 236,237education costs 24, 32education expenditure 126, 127education poverty 141, 160, 161effect of food price rises 24, 32, 45, 167gender parity/disparity 60, 61, 66, 98, 99,141, 160, 161, 190health aid 239maternal health care 47out-of-school children 60, 60, 61, 70, 161political mobilization 206primary education 126, 195enrolment 65, 66, 70, 176, 176, 190pupil/teacher ratio 115rural areas 160, 161, 192school completion 72‘second chance’ programmes 89slum dwellers 175, 176, 176social protection programmes 34, 294, 295stipends 190street children 168stunted children 44teachers 114, 117teachers’ salaries 117Bangladesh Female Secondary SchoolStipend Programme 190Barbuda see Antigua and Barbudabarriers see access to educationbasic educationsee also learning achievement; lowersecondary education; pre-primaryeducation; reading literacy;universal primary education (UPE)(EFA goal)aidbilateral donors 229–30, 230commitments and disbursements 217,227–8, 227, 228, 229, 229, 230, 231,241, 242failure of FTI 250, 251proportion of education aid 220,226–7, 241, 241, 242aid effectiveness 274costs of achieving EFA 125–6, 125enrolment see enrolment, primaryeducation; enrolment, secondaryeducationfinancing in conflict areas 122, 130financing gap 119, 127–9, 127, 129, 130,130, 219, 220–1, 240, 259FTI objectives 250gender parity 99government expenditure 127–9, 127, 128,273impact on TVE 77, 81–2increased cycles 75out-of-school children 74Basic Education for Hard to Reach UrbanWorking Children programme(Bangladesh) 195Bede community 195Belarusschool completion 73Belgiumeducation aid donor 229, 230, 241Catalytic Fund 255disbursements 222fair share of target 223national systems 237Global Fund donor 263learning achievement 110reading literacy 108Belizeeducation poverty and gender disparity,rural areas 160, 161out-of-school children 161Beninadult literacy 97basic education 127, 128concessional loans 35education aiddisbursements 234, 256national systems 236education expenditure 27, 35, 126, 127, 128education poverty 141, 146, 153, 160, 161ethnic minority groups 153fiscal space 30, 31gender parity/disparity 66, 141, 160, 161national plan endorsement 253out-of-school children 143, 144, 161pastoralists 143, 144primary education 126enrolment 59, 63, 64, 65rural areas 160, 161school completion 72, 73487